JP 1, Doctrine For The Armed Forces Of The United States

ENTTMHIT OF T HS W E' L LDEFEENDARDSTMTEERU NII CA MY DE PARJoint Publication 1AT E S O FADoctrine for the Armed Forcesof the United States25 March 2013Incorporating Change 112 July 2017

Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, is thecapstone publication for all joint doctrine, presenting fundamental principles andoverarching guidance for the employment of the Armed Forces of the United States. Thisrepresents the evolution in our warfighting guidance and military theory that forms the coreof joint warfighting doctrine and establishes the framework for our forces’ ability to fightas a joint team.It is vital that we not only develop our military capabilities, but also strengthen thecapacity of other government departments and agencies. This publication ties jointdoctrine to the national security strategy and national military strategy and describes themilitary’s role in the development of national policy and strategy. It thus provides thelinkage between joint doctrine and the contribution of other government departments andagencies and multinational endeavors.As we look globally at our posture and the associated strategic risk, it is imperativethat our doctrine also rapidly adjust to reflect our wartime footing. The guidance in thispublication will enable current and future leaders of the Armed Forces of the United Statesto organize, train, and execute worldwide missions as our forces transform to meetemerging challenges. The joint force must simultaneously think ahead at the strategiclevel, stay current at the operational level, and be informed by tactical level developments.I challenge all commanders to ensure the widest distribution of this capstone jointpublication and actively promote the use of all joint publications at every opportunity. Ifurther challenge you to study and understand the guidance contained in this publicationand teach these principles to your subordinates. Only then will we be able to fully exploitthe remarkable military potential inherent in our joint teams.MARTIN E. DEMPSEYGeneral, U.S. Army

PREFACE1. ScopeThis publication is the capstone joint doctrine publication and provides doctrine forunified action by the Armed Forces of the United States. It specifies the authorizedcommand relationships and authority that military commanders can use, provides guidancefor the exercise of that military authority, provides fundamental principles and guidancefor command and control, prescribes guidance for organizing and developing joint forces,and describes policy for selected joint activities. It also provides the doctrinal basis forinteragency coordination and for US military involvement in multiagency andmultinational operations.2. Purposea. The US Armed Forces fulfill unique and crucial roles, defending the US against alladversaries while serving the Nation as a bulwark and the guarantor of its security andindependence. The US Armed Forces function within the American system of civilmilitary relations and serve under the civilian control of the President, the Commander inChief. The US Armed Forces embody the highest values and standards of Americansociety and the profession of arms.b. The nature of the challenges to the US and its interests demand that the ArmedForces operate as a closely integrated joint team with interagency and multinationalpartners across the range of military operations. Using a whole-of-government approachis essential to advancing our interests to strengthen security relationships and capacity by,with, and through military forces of partner nations, US and foreign government agencies,state and local government agencies, and intergovernmental or nongovernmentalorganizations. To succeed, we must refine and proportionally integrate the military withall of the tools of American power and work with our partner nations to do the same. Ourmilitary must maintain its conventional superiority while continuing to enhance its capacityto defeat threats. As long as nuclear weapons exist, our nuclear deterrent capability mustalso be maintained and modernized. When international forces are needed to respond tothreats and keep the peace, we will make every effort to ensure international partners areready, able, and willing. We will continue to build support in other countries and promoteglobal peace and stability through the United Nations and other regional organizations,such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the African Union.c. Joint Operations. Effective integration of joint forces is intended to addressfunctional or geographic vulnerabilities. This does not mean that all forces will be equallyrepresented in each operation. Joint force commanders (JFCs) may choose the capabilitiesthey need from the forces at their disposal.i

Preface3. Applicationa. This publication is written to assist members of the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates, including the National Guard, to operate successfully together. The joint team iscomposed of the members of each Service, Department of Defense agencies, as well asassociated civilians supporting governmental and private sector workforces. The guidancein this publication is broad, authoritative, and serves as a foundation for the developmentof more specific joint guidance. This doctrine will be followed except when, in thejudgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise.b. To ensure the Armed Forces achieve their fullest potential, all US military leadersshall incorporate the doctrine and philosophy of this publication into their efforts to developleaders and train forces for joint and multinational operations. JFCs shall incorporate theguidelines and philosophies of this doctrine as fundamental precepts while conductinginteragency coordination.c. The Services and United States Special Operations Command (in areas unique tospecial operations) have specific responsibilities under Title 10, United States Code (USC),to organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain their forces. The National Guard hassimilar, specific responsibilities under Title 32, USC, and includes domestic operations.These forces are employed under JFCs. Service equipment, systems, and manpower skillsform the very core of US military capability. Joint warfare relies upon effectivecoordination of Service capabilities and expertise. When integrated into joint operationswith partner military Services and other defense, logistical, and intelligence agencies, theybecome capable of unified action. Successful joint operations merge capabilities and skillsets of assigned Service components. Interoperability and effective integration of servicecapabilities enhance joint operations to accomplish US Government objective(s), buildingon US traditions of conducting joint operations that began with the Revolutionary War.d. The growing threats to US and allied interests throughout the world demand USforces be proficient across the range of military operations. The fundamental principlesthat guide operations are recorded in joint doctrine. Joint operations are conductedroutinely and efficiently in the current operational environment. To maintain and enhancethis efficiency, joint leaders must diligently study, apply, teach, and ultimately provideinsights to improve joint doctrine.iiJP 1

SUMMARY OF CHANGESREVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 1, DATED 02 MAY 2007CHANGE 1, DATED 20 MARCH 2009 Adds a theory section to the introductory chapter. Adds a joint force development chapter, including a section on joint concepts andassessment. Establishes a taxonomy relating to war, warfare, campaign, and operation. Establishes a taxonomy relating to policy, strategy, doctrine, and concepts. Establishes and defines “global synchronizer.” Clarifies the role of the Department of Defense relative to information operationsto improve efficiency in planning and execution of military operations. Expands the role of commander’s communication synchronization andinformation operations. Adds information on Global Force Management Implementation Guidanceresulting from the closure of Joint Forces Command. Introduces “total force fitness” as a value of joint service. Reduces redundancies and improves continuity between Joint Publication (JP) 1,Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, and JP 3-0, Joint Operations. Reduces redundancies and improves continuity between JP 1, Doctrine for theArmed Forces of the United States, and JP 5-0, Joint Operation Planning. Establishes information as the seventh joint function. (Change 1) Establishes Joint Publication (JP) 1 as the foundational document that directsjoint doctrine terms in JP glossaries and those policy terms that may temporarilyfill joint doctrine gaps to be reflected by event-driven updates listed in Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization ofMilitary and Associated Terminology.iii

Summary of ChangesIntentionally BlankivJP 1

TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY . ixCHAPTER ITHEORY AND FOUNDATIONSSection A. Theory . I-1 Fundamentals . I-1 War . I-2 Warfare . I-4 Forms of Warfare . I-5 Levels of Warfare . I-7 Campaigns and Operations . I-9 Task, Function, and Mission . I-9Section B. Foundations . I-10 Strategic Security Environment and National Security Challenges . I-10 Instruments of National Power and the Range of Military Operations . I-12 Joint Operations . I-16 Joint Functions . I-17 Joint Operation Planning. I-19 Law of War . I-21CHAPTER IIDOCTRINE GOVERNING UNIFIED DIRECTION OF ARMED FORCES National Strategic Direction .II-1Strategic Guidance and Responsibilities .II-3Unified Action .II-8Roles and Functions .II-9Chain of Command .II-9Unified Command Plan.II-11Combatant Commands .II-11Military Departments, Services, Forces, Combat Support Agencies, andNational Guard Bureau .II-11Relationship Among Combatant Commanders,Military Department Secretaries, Service Chiefs, and Forces .II-13Interagency Coordination.II-13Multinational Operations .II-21CHAPTER IIIFUNCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND ITS MAJORCOMPONENTSSection A. Department of Defense . III-1 General . III-1v

Table of Contents Organizations in the Department of Defense . III-1Functions of the Department of Defense . III-1Functions and Responsibilities Within the Department of Defense . III-2Executive Agents . III-2Section B. Joint Chiefs of Staff. III-3 Composition and Functions . III-3 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . III-4 Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . III-5 Joint Staff . III-6Section C. Military Departments and Services . III-6 Common Functions of the Services and theUnited States Special Operations Command . III-6Section D. Combatant Commanders . III-7 General . III-7 Geographic Combatant Command Responsibilities . III-8 Functional Combatant Command Responsibilities . III-9 Statutory Command Authority. III-11 Authority Over Subordinate Commanders . III-11 Department of Defense Agencies . III-12CHAPTER IVJOINT COMMAND ORGANIZATIONSSection A. Establishing Unified and Subordinate Joint Commands. IV-1 General . IV-1 Unified Combatant Command . IV-5 Specified Combatant Command . IV-9 Subordinate Unified Command . IV-10 Joint Task Force . IV-10Section B. Commander, Staff, and Components of a Joint Force . IV-12 Commander Responsibilities . IV-12 Staff of a Joint Force . IV-13 Service Component Commands . IV-15 Functional Component Commands. IV-17Section C. Discipline . IV-18 Responsibility . IV-18 Uniform Code of Military Justice . IV-19 Rules and Regulations. IV-19 Jurisdiction . IV-19 Trial and Punishment . IV-20Section D. Personnel Service Support and Administration . IV-21 Morale, Welfare, and Recreation . IV-21viJP 1