Crash Course For CDS 2 2021 Exam

1Crash CourseFor CDS 2 2021ExamBY PRAVEEN BHARTIClass 03

2Class 01 & 02 Articles, Conjunctions (Grammar)Syllabus, Importance of NewspaperPara jumblesSimple, Compound & Compound SentencesBasic to Advance

Class 03 QuestionTag Noun (Basic already covered inArticles) Pronoun

Attention !!!1.Class 01 (1.25 x, 1.5 x )2.Class 02 (Normal Speed)3.Revise (1.5x)4.During the Class (Copy/Paper/Diary etc)5.Revise Repeat Revise6.Top 10 Rules (Only for your mind)

“Question Tag”PRESENTED BY PRAVEEN BHARTI

Definition A question asked for confirmation is knownas a Question Tag.किसी बात िी पुष्टि िे लिए पूछा गया प्रश्नQuestion Tag िहिाता है ।A question tag is a question that comes atthe end of a sentence .

1.India is a big country, isn’t it ?2.You Speak Chinese , don’t you ?3.Chandra Shekhar Azad was a martyr , wasn’t he ?

5 Basic rules of Question Tag1.Sentence and Question tag must be in same tense .2.If the statement is negative , the Question tag must bePositive .3.If the statement is positive , the Question tag must benegative .4.Always use pronoun in Question tag.5.Always use contracted form in negative question tag .

India is a big country, isn’t it ?1.Sentence and Question tag must be in same tense .2.If the statement is negative , the Question tag must bePositive .3.If the statement is positive , the Question tag must benegative .4.Always use pronoun in Question tag.5.Always use contracted form in negative question tag

Examples1)Rohan will help you, won’t he?2)We shall win the match, shan’t we?3)I don’t write letters , do I ?4)You are not intelligent, are you?

Helping verbContracted formDo notDon’tDoes notDoesn’tWas notWasn’tWere notWeren’tAre notAren’tHas notHasn’t

Helping Verb Contracted FormShall notShan’tWill notWon’tCan notCan’tShould notShouldn’tWould notWouldn’tCould notCouldn’tMay notMayn’tContractedForm

1.There (a)/ was not (b)/ a single seat vacant ,(c) / was it ?(d) / No error (e)2.It (a) /was (b) /a horrible accident ,(c) / was it ? (d) /Noerror (e)3.My nephew is (a) / an ambidextrous (b) /, isn’t he ? (c) /No error (d)4.I don’t (a) / write letters (b) ,/does I (c) ?/ No error (d)5.Chandra Shekhar Azad was (a) / a martyr ,(b) / wasn’the ? (c) / No error (d)6.The mob (a) / killed the Prime Minister (b) /,didn’t they ?(c) /No error (d)

1.There (a)/ was not (b)/ a single seat vacant ,(c) / was it ?(d) / No error (e)2.It (a) /was (b) /a horrible accident ,(c) / was it ? (d) /Noerror (e)3.My nephew is (a) / an ambidextrous (b) /, isn’t he ? (c) /No error (d)4.I don’t (a) / write letters (b) ,/does I (c) ?/ No error (d)5.Chandra Shekhar Azad was (a) / a martyr ,(b) / wasn’the ? (c) / No error (d)6.The mob (a) / killed the Prime Minister (b) /,didn’t they ?(c) /No error (d)

Definitionof NounA noun is a word used as aname of a person, place orthing Ex: Ram, teacher,team, gold, Delhi, Sita,water etc.

Kinds of TeamWater

Countable NounCommon NounCollective NounEx. Boy, tables class,players etcUncountable NounMaterialAbstract NounEx. Furniture, water,knowledge

Last s, ss, ch, sh, z or x BoxesDishDishes

n

Rule (2)Last ‘O’Cons. O esHeroHeroesCargo जहाजी ngoMangoes

Exceptions Piano sPhoto sSolo sdynamo sRatio s

Last double vowels sSingularPluralRadioRadiosZooZoosPortfolio खुिे पत्र, ननवेश सचू ीPortfoliosTreeTrees

Cons. y iesCry, City, Dictionary, Reply,Familyvowel y sKey, Monkey, Ray, Toy,Valley, Way

Last f or fe felivesLeafLeavesWolfWolvesLoafLoaves

Exceptions:-ChiefCliff iefRoofGriefsRoofsBelief

eethFootFeetMouseMiceGoose बत्तखGeeseLouseLiceOasisOases

Lastum eumsDictum वाक्य, उष्क्त(Phrase)DictaPremiumsMemorandum स्मरण िेखMemorandaForumsStratum परतStrataPendulumsAgendumAgenda

Latin wordsLast ( US)Greek wordsLast riterionCriteria

Use ofApostrophe(‘s)

Apostropheिा प्रयोगPossessivecase िे लिएकिया जाता sh’cycle

Hissing soundCar’s doors

2. We never use apostrophe(‘s) withnon-living thingsWrongRightCar’s doorsDoors of carFan’s bladeBlade of fanChair’s legsLegs of chairTable’s woodWood of table

3. Never use double apostrophe in asentence My wife’s secretary’s mother has expired.The mother of my wife’s secretary has expired.

Compound awsisters-in-law6.Member of parliament members of parliament7.Man haterMan haters8.Woman doctorwomen doctors

Rule 01 Noun plural in form but singular in use.Mathematics, Physics, Innings, Politics, Economics, Mechanic,Ethics, News etc. These words are always takes singular verb.Example:-1.Mathematics is a difficult subjects.2.Ethics demands honesty in working.3.Politics has lost its moral character.4.Economics is an optional subject

YOUR, HER, THE, SUCH, HIS Mathematics is everyone’s favourite subject because itinvolves the use of formulas . The mathematics of the officer have revealed a lot ofscam in the annual function .

Rule 02 Noun singular in form but plural in use.Cattle, gentry, clergy, cavalry, infantry, nobility,poultry, peasantry, children, admiralty, yeomantry etc.The cattle are grazing in the field.Our infantry have marched forward.We can’t add s/es/ies

Rule 03 Noun always singularPoetry, scenery, machinery, stationery, crockery,luggage, baggage, postage, knowledge, breakage,jeweller, information, furniture, money, wastage,water, paper, bread, work, equipment, filth, moneyetc.These words are always used as uncountable so wecannot put number before these word.

Kashmir is famous for its colourful scenery.2. He has no knowledge of Grammar .3. I have no information about herresidence .4. I have two sheets/pieces of paper.5. I need slices of/ a piece of/ loaves ofbread.1.

There are so many/much filth all around theplaces. A lot of water is needed. I want a few articles of jewellery. He purchased some packets of bread.

Rule 04Alms, thanks, riches, caves, species, scissors, trousers, pants,clippers, tongs, bellows, gallows, fangs, eyeglasses, goggles,amends, annals, archives, ashes, arrears, athletics, auspices,belongings, breeches, bowels, braces, binoculars, billiards,customs, congratulations, dregs, earnings, entrails, embers,fetters, fireworks, lodgings, mumps, odds, lees, outskirts,Particulars, proceeds, proceedings, regards, remains, savings,shambles, shears, spectacles, surroundings, tidings, troops,tactics, vegetables, valuables, wages, spectacles etc

These all are always used as plural. Wecannot make these words singular byremoving s.

He gave him alms.(r) He gave him an alm.(w) His trousers are dirty.(r) His trouser is dirty.(w) What are your monthly earnings?

Theembers of the fire were still burning . Hehated always to be the bearer of badtidings . Where Almsare the tongs ?were given to the beggars .

Rule 05 A compound noun (Numerical noun) is not used in plural ifthat noun works as adjective. I have five rupees.(r) I have five rupees note. (w) I have five rupee note. (r)Ten mile race(r)Five stars hotels (w)Ten miles(r)Five star hotels (r)

Rule 06 Collective noun such as deer, sheep, staff, series,species, fish, crew, team, jury, aircraft, counsel, etcmay be either singular or plural depending on theirusage of sentence. Our team is the best Our team are trying their new uniform Jury has given its decision unanimously.

Jury were divided in their opinion. Staff is in a meeting. Staff are disagree about the finding.

Rule 07Noun(s) Preposition Noun(s)if nouns are sameTowns after towns.(w)Ships after ships(w)Town after town. (r)Ship after ship (r)Row upon row. (r)

Rule 08Million, billion, thousand, Pair, Score, Hundred, Dozen,Stone, etcif we find any number before these words then we will usethese words in singular form.Two hundred, three dozen, six thousand - definiteDozens of women, millions of dollars, many pairs of shoes etc indefinite

Rule 09Incorrect usage of noun.WrongRightcousin brother/sisterCousinBig/small blunderBlunderStrong breezeStrong windBad dreamNightmareProudyProud

Rule 10Teacher, student, child, clerk, advocate, worker,writer, leader, musician, etc also called dual genderbecause these nouns used in male as well as femalesense.Note: use he/his/him with these nouns normally. A teacher should perform his duty sincerely. Every leader should perform his duty.

िुछ nouns िे Singular एवं Plural form अर्थपूणतथ या अिग होते हैSingularPluralAir हवाAirs दिखाविी व्यवहारReturn वापसीReturns आय िादहसाबIron िोहाIrons जंजीरेंSand रे तSands रे गगस्तानWood ििडीWoods जंगिGood अच्छाGoods सामान

SingularPluralWater पानीWaters समद्रुWork िामFruit फिWorks सादहत्यFruits नतीजा (मेहनत इत्यादििा)

िुछ nouns िे Singular एवं Plural formअर्थ एि ही होते है । परन्तु Plural form मेंएि से अगिि अर्थ होते है ।SingularPluralCustom ररवाजCustoms ररवाज, सीमा शुल्िManner तरीिाManners तरीिे, लशटिाचारPain ििथPains ििथ , अर्ि प्रयासQuarter एि-चौर्ाईQuarters एि-चौर्ाई, आवासLetter अक्षर, गचट्ठीLetters अक्षर, गचट्ठी, सादहत्य

Definition A question asked for confirmation is known as a Question Tag. किसी ात िी ुष्टि िे लिए ूछा ग ा प्रश्न Question Tag िहिाता है। A question tag is a question that comes at the end of a sentence .