Ammonia Refrigeration RAGAGEP
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Ammonia Refrigeration RAGAGEPRecognized and Generally Accepted Good Engineering PracticePeter Thomas, P.E., CSP – Resource Compliance, Inc.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Introduction Where does the term RAGAGEP come from?
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.CalARP RAGAGEP Process Safety Information 2760.1(d)(2)o The owner or operator shall document that equipmentcomplies with recognized and generally accepted goodengineering practices.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.CalARP RAGAGEP Mechanical Integrity 2760.5(d)(3) - (4)o Inspection and testing procedures shall follow recognizedand generally accepted good engineering practices.o The frequency of inspections and tests of process equipmentshall be consistent with applicable manufacturers'recommendations and good engineering practices, andmore frequently if determined to be necessary by prioroperating experience.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.CalARP RAGAGEP Pre-Startup Safety Review 2760.7(b)(1)o Construction and equipment is in accordance with designspecifications;
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP Citations
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP Citations
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP Citations
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.OSHA RAGAGEP Memo
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.OSHA RAGAGEP Memo Shall vs. ShouldNormative vs. InformativePrimary Sources of RAGAGEPsUse of Internal Standards
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Ammonia Refrigeration RAGAGEP American National Standards Institute (ANSI) International Code Council (ICC) International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)California Building Standards Commission (CBSC)American Society of Mechanical EngineersASHRAE (formerly American Society of HeatingRefrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers)International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR)
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Ammonia Refrig. RAGAGEP Documents California Mechanical Code (CMC) Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) California Fire Code (CFC) Fire Code (NFPA 1) ANSI/ASHRAE 15 Safety Standard for RefrigerationSystems
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.IIAR RAGAGEP Documents ANSI/IIAR 2 Equipment, Design, and Installation ofClosed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical RefrigeratingSystems1974-781984199920082015
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.The Future of IIAR Standards ANSI/IIAR 1 Definitions and Terminology Used in IIAR StandardsANSI/IIAR 2 Equipment, Design, and Installation of Closed-CircuitAmmonia Mechanical Refrigerating SystemsANSI/IIAR 3 Ammonia Refrigeration ValvesANSI/IIAR 4 Installation of Closed-Circuit Ammonia MechanicalRefrigeration SystemsANSI/IIAR 5 Start-up and Commissioning of Closed-Circuit AmmoniaRefrigeration SystemsANSI/IIAR 6 Maintenance and Inspection of Closed-Circuit AmmoniaMechanical Refrigeration SystemsANSI/IIAR 7 Developing Operating Procedures for Closed-CircuitAmmonia Mechanical Refrigerating SystemsANSI/IIAR 8 Decommissioning of Closed-Circuit Ammonia MechanicalRefrigeration Systems
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP Confusion 2013 CMC §1102.1o Except as modified by this code, refrigeration system shallcomply with ASHRAE 15. In addition, ammonia refrigerationsystems shall comply with IIAR 2. ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 Addendum B §5.4.2o Cast iron, malleable iron, nodular iron, steel, cast steel, andalloy steel may be used as governed by ASME B31.5-2006or the governing edition of Section VIII, Division 1, ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, as applicable.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP Confusion ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §13.1.6o It is recommended that additional such units be locatedaccessibly inside or outside the machinery room such thatno unit is further than 10 seconds or 55 feet [16.8 m] from ahazard. Refer to ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 – 2009 for eyewashequipment guidelines. ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §13.1.10.4o Refrigerating systems shall be provided with approvedinformative signs, emergency signs, charts and labels inaccordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be inaccordance with the International Mechanical Code.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP Confusion ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013 §11.2.2o the kind of refrigerant or secondary coolant contained inexposed piping outside the machinery room. Valves orpiping adjacent to valves shall be identified in accordancewith ANSI A13.1, Scheme for Identification of PipingSystems. ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013 §8.5o Electrical Safety. Electrical equipment and wiring shall beinstalled in accordance with the National Electrical Codeand the requirements of the AHJ.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.RAGAGEP ConfusionCMCIIAR 2B&PV CodeSection VIIIASHRAE 15NFPA 704NECANSI/ISEAZ358.1IMCANSI A13.1
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Implications of RAGAGEP
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Safe Access Equipmento An unobstructed readily accessible opening andpassageway not less than 36 inches in width and 80 inchesin height shall be provided and maintained to thecompressor, valves required by this chapter, or otherportions of the system requiring routine maintenance. [2013CMC §1106.3]o A clear and unobstructed approach and space shall beprovided to refrigerating machinery for inspection, service,and emergency shutdown with adequate clearances formaintenance of equipment. There shall be clear headroomof not less than 7.25 ft below equipment situated overpassageways. [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §13.1.2.3]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Safe Access
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Safe Access
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Safe Access Valveso Stop valves shall be readily accessible from the machineryroom floor or a level platform [2013 CMC §1112.3]o All manually operated valves inaccessible from floor levelshall be operable from portable platforms, fixed platforms,ladders, or shall be chain-operated. Isolation valve(s)identified as being part of an emergency shutdownprocedure shall be directly operable or chain-operated froma permanent work surface. [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §13.1.2.2]o Similar requirement dating back to 1978
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Safe Access
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Safe Access
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Restricted Access Machinery Roomo Access to the refrigerating machinery room shall berestricted to authorized personnel. Doors shall be clearlymarked and permanent signs shall be posted at eachentrance to indicate this restriction. [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008§13.1.2.4]o Access to the refrigerating machinery room shall berestricted to authorized personnel. Doors shall be clearlymarked or permanent signs shall be posted at each entranceto indicate this restriction. [ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013 §8.11.8]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Restricted Access
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Restricted Access
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Nameplates Sections 6.1.4, 6.2.3, 7.1.3, 7.2.3, 7.3.3, 7.4.3, 8.1.3, 8.2.3,8.4.3, and 9.3.1 of ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 address nameplaterequirements for various types of equipment
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Nameplates The nameplate shall be attached to the vessel or to a pad,bracket, or structure that is welded, brazed, soldered, orattached with mechanical fasteners directly to the vessel.Mechanical fasteners shall be of a material and designthat is compatible with the vessel, bracket materials, andthe vessel service. After installation of the pad, bracket, orstructure, the heads of the fasteners shall be welded,brazed, or soldered to the pad, bracket, or structure thatsupports the nameplate. The nameplate shall be locatedwithin 30 in. (760 mm) of the vessel. Removal shall requirethe willful destruction of the nameplate, or its attachmentsystem. [2013 B&PV Code Section VIII UG-119(e)]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Nameplates
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Nameplates
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Nameplates
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Areas Requiredo Positive-Displacement Compressors [2013 CMC §1114.2]o Liquid-Containing Portions of Systems [2013 CMC §1114.3]o Evaporators (located within 18 inches of a heating element)[2013 CMC §1114.4]o Pressure Vessels (exceeding 6” diameter) 2013 CMC§1114.5]o ASME Equipment [2013 B&PV Code Section VIII UG-125]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Areas Required
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Single vs. Dual [2013 CMC §1117.2]o Pressure vessels between 3ft3 and 10ft3 are permitted to usea single relief valveo Pressure vessels greater than 10ft3 must use a dual reliefassembly
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Piping [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3]o No stop valves on inlet or outlet pipingo The size of inlet piping must be greater than or equal to theinlet connection size of the relief valveo The size of the discharge pipe must not be less than theoutlet size of the relief valve
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Piping [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Piping [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Piping [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Other Requirementso ASME equipment must be protected by relief devices withASME nameplates [2013 B&PV Code Section VIII UG-129]o 5-Year replacement [IIAR Bulletin No. 109 §4.9.7]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Hydrostatic Expansion [ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013§9.4.3.1] If trapping of liquid with subsequent hydrostatic expansioncan occur automatically during normal operation or duringstandby, shipping, or power failure, engineering control(s)shall be used that is (are) capable of preventing the pressurefrom exceeding the design pressure. Acceptable engineeringcontrols include but are not limited to a a. pressure-relief device to relieve hydrostatic pressure toanother part of the system andb. reseating pressure-relief valve to relieve the hydrostaticpressure to an approved treatment system.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Hydrostatic Expansion
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Installation Hydrostatic Expansion
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Ammonia Discharge [2013 CMC §1120.1]o Ammonia shall discharge into a tank of water that shall beused for no purpose except ammonia absorption. Not lessthan 1 gallon (4 L) of fresh water shall be provided for eachpound (kg) of ammonia that will be released in 1 hour fromthe largest relief device connected to the discharge pipe
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Ammonia Discharge [2013 CMC §1120.1]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Ammonia Discharge [2013 CMC §1120.1]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Ammonia Discharge [2013 CMC §1120.1]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Ammonia Discharge [2013 ANSI/ASHRAE §9.7.8.2]o Ammonia Discharge. Ammonia from pressure relief valvesshall be discharged into one or more of the following: a. The atmosphere, per Section 9.7.8 b. A tank containing one gallon of water for each pound ofammonia that will be released in one hour from the largest reliefdevice connected to the discharge pipe. The water shall beprevented from freezing. The discharge pipe from the pressurerelief device shall distribute ammonia in the bottom of the tankbut no lower than 33 ft (10 m) below the maximum liquid level.The tank shall contain the volume of water and ammoniawithout overflowing. c. Other treatment systems that meet the requirements of theAHJ
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Atmospheric Discharge [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6]o Pipe sizing requirements [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6.1]o Provision of draining moisture [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6.2]o 20 ft from any window, ventilation intake, or personnel exit[ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6.3]o Not less than 15 feet above the adjacent grade or roof leveland arranged to avoid spraying of refrigerant on persons inthe vicinity [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6.4] 2015 Uniform Mechanical Code does not requirediffusion tanks for ammonia refrigeration systems.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Atmospheric Discharge [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Atmospheric Discharge [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination Atmospheric Discharge [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §11.3.6]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Relief Valve Termination
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Provision for Refrigerant Removal ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 Addendum B §10.3.3o Strainers shall be fitted with provision for refrigerantremoval to facilitate maintenance
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Provision for Refrigerant Removal
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Housekeeping Refrigerating systems shall be maintained by the user in aclean condition, free from accumulations of oily dirt, waste,and other debris, and shall be kept accessible at all times.[ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013 §11.6] Machinery room floor clean of oil, grease and water? [IIARBulletin No. 109 General Safety Checklist Item L]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Housekeeping
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Housekeeping
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Maintenance and CorrosionUninsulated refrigerant piping should be examined for signs ofcorrosion. If corrosion exists, the pipe should be cleaned downto bare metal and painted with a rust preventive paint. Badlycorroded pipe should be replaced. [IIAR Bulletin No. 109 §4.7.4] Mechanical refrigeration systems shall be maintained in properoperating condition, free from accumulations of oil dirt, waste,excessive corrosion, other debris and leaks. [2012 IMC§1101.7] Refrigerating systems shall be maintained by the user in a cleancondition, free from accumulations of oily dirt, waste, and otherdebris, and shall be kept accessible at all times. [ANSI/ASHRAE15-2013 §11.6]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Maintenance and Corrosion
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Maintenance and Corrosion
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Maintenance and Corrosion
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.5-Year Independent Inspection At least every five years, the annual inspection of thevessels and heat exchangers shall be carried out by acompetent person independent of immediate commercialand production pressures for that installation, who shallcarry out whatever examinations and tests he mayconsider necessary in order to determine that theequipment is safe for further use or in order to specify suchrepairs that may be necessary. [IIAR Bulletin No. 110§6.4.4.1]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.5-Year Independent Inspection
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling NFPA 704 Placardso Refrigeration units or systems having a refrigerant circuitcontaining more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall beprovided with approved emergency signs, charts and labels inaccordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be inaccordance with the California Mechanical Code for theclassification of refrigerants listed therein. [2013 CFC §606.7]o Refrigerating systems shall be provided with approvedinformative signs, emergency signs, charts and labels inaccordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be inaccordance with the International Mechanical Code.[ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §13.1.10.4]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling NFPA 704 Placards
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling NFPA 704 Placards
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling NFPA 704 Placards
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Pipingo All piping mains, headers and branches shall be identified asto the physical state of the refrigerant (that is, vapor, liquid,etc.), the relative pressure level of the refrigerant, and thedirection of flow. The identification system used shall eitherbe one established as a standard by a recognized code orstandards body or one described and documented by thefacility owner. [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 §10.5]o IIAR Bulletin No. 114 §4.1o Similar requirements in 2013 CMC §1111.8 andANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013 §11.2.2.
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Piping
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling PipingPre-March 2014Post-March 2014
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Piping
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Piping
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling ANSI A13.1
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Valveso Stop valves shall be suitably labeled if the components to andfrom which the valve regulates flow are not in view at thevalve location. Valves or piping adjacent to the valves shall beidentified in accordance with ANSI A13.1 When numbers areused to label the valves, there shall be a key to the numberslocated within sight of the valves with letters at least 0.5 in.(12.7 mm) high. [ANSI/ASHRAE 15-2013 §9.12.6]o Stop valves shall be identified by tagging in accordance withthe reference standard for identification. A valve chart shall bemounted under glass at an approved location near theprincipal entrance to the machinery room. [2013 CMC§1112.4]
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Valves
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Valves
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Machinery Roomo Each refrigerating system erected on the premises shall beprovided with a legible permanent sign, securely attachedand easily accessible, indicating a. the name and address of the installer, b. the refrigerant number and amount of refrigerant, c. the lubricant identity and amount, and d. the field test pressure applied.o ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 Appendix L
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Labeling Machinery Room
Providing Solutions. Simplifying Regulation.Insulation Suction lines, low-temperature liquid lines, accumulators,surge drums and similar cold surfaces shall be insulated toprevent condensation and corrosion. [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008§14.3.1] The types of insulation commonly used in industrialrefrigeration are: extruded polystyrene insulation, cellularglass, polyisocyanurate insulation, and closed-cellphenolic [ANSI/IIAR 2-2008 Appendix H.7] For piping that is insulated, supports must be designedand/or the insulation must be selected to avoid damage tothe insulation from c
Ammonia Discharge [2013 ANSI/ASHRAE §9.7.8.2] o Ammonia Discharge. Ammonia from pressure relief valves shall be discharged into one or more of the following: a. The atmosphere, per Section 9.7.8 b. A tank containing one gallon of water for each pound of ammonia that will be released in one hour from the largest relief
IIAR Bulletin No. 112 Guidelines for: Ammonia Machinery Room Design IIAR Bulletin No. 114 Guidelines for: Identification of Ammonia Refrigeration Piping and System Components IIAR Bulletin No. 116 Guidelines for: Avoiding Component Failure in Industrial Refrigeration Systems Caked by Abnormal Pressure or Shock
2 Ammonia as a fuel . 2.1 Properties of ammonia . The basic properties of ammonia are summarized and compared with methane in . Table 2-1. Under atmospheric temperature and pressure, ammonia is a colourless, toxic gas with a sharp and penetrating odour. Ammonia in its pure form is referred to as anhydrous (“without water”) ammonia. Ammonia
Retreived from FOIA by Garden City Ammonia Program on 11/13/13 - www.ammoniatraining.com - 620-271-0037 Ammonia Refrigeration Processes & Equipment OTI 3430 Today's Focus Ammonia Refrigeration - not just general ammonia use Focus is prevention and process safety-not h
Guidelines for: Identification of Ammonia Refrigeration Piping and System Components IIAR Bulletin No. 116 Guidelines for: Avoiding Component Failure in Industrial Refrigeration Systems Caked by Abnormal Pressure or Shock IIAR Bulletin No. R1 A Guide to: Good Practices for the Operation of an Ammonia Refrigeration System
Bulletin No. 109 Guidelines for: IIAR Minimum Safety Criteria for a Safe Ammonia Refrigeration System (Date: 1997) Bulletin No. 110 Guidelines for: Start-Up, Inspection and Maintenance of Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems (Date: March 2002) Bulletin No. 114 Guidelines for: Identification of Ammonia Refrigeration Piping and
Ammonia: An Essential Chemical Ammonia is a naturally occurring chemical in the atmosphere, as well as an essential man-made chemical. It is represented by the chemical formula nH 3. Ammonia in this form is also known as ammonia gas or anhydrous (“without water”) ammonia. At room temperature, amm
Category A: Refrigeration Fundamentals Task 1. Refrigeration principles Analyze system conditions, using a Pressure/Temperature (P/T) chart Identify refrigeration system components Explain the operation of a "simple" refrigeration system Calibrate a Thermometer Read temperatures in a refrigeration system Define refrigeration cycle terminology
Animal Nutrition is a core text for undergraduates in Animal Science, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Biology and Biochemistry studying this subject. It also provides a standard reference text for agricultural advisers, animal nutritionists and manufacturers of animal feeds. The latest edition of this classic text continues to provide a clear and comprehensive introduction to the science and .
