COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF EARLY
thelight blue at the back of the valve is bigger than the othersize of valve aperture. The velocity flow on that particularregion is slower that the other part of the vein. Thus, it ispossibly support the blood clot formation at the back ofthe valve which could lead to deep vein thrombosiscondition.c) 7 mmHighLowFigure-9. Comparison of velocity distribution for different size of valve aperture.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, the purpose of this study is todiagnose the early stage of DVT. From the simulationresult, it can be seen that, the value of velocity will exciteas they go through the valve. That is shows how the bloodactually flows in our body. To get more accure result,more simulation was needed to create a velocity chart topredict when the thrombus will exist at the valve based onthe velocity of blood. As the in vivo experiment wasdifficult to investigate. Therefore, the early diagnosisactually will assist physician in order to prevent thedevelopment of pulmonary embolism (PE).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors would like to thank ResearchAcculturation Grant Scheme (RAGS R031) for thefunding of this project. They would also like to thankUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for havingthe space of Medical Imaging laboratory and also MiNTSRC laboratory doing the experiment.REFERENCESBotar, C. C., Vasile, T., Sfrangeu, S., Clichici, S., Agachi,P. S., and Badea, R. 2010. Validation of CFD simulationresults in case of portal vein blood flow, 1-6.Brust, M., Schaefer, C., Doerr, R., Pan, L., Garcia, M.,Arratia, P. E., and Wagner, C. 2013. Rheology of humanblood plasma: Viscoelastic versus Newtonian behavior.Physical Review Letters, 110 (February), 6-10.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.078305Ding, S., Tu, J., Cheung, C. P., Beare, R., Phan, T.,Reutens, D., and Thien, F. 2007. Geometric ModelGeneration for CFD Simulation of Blood and Air Flows.2007 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics andBiomedical Engineering, 3-6.DOI:10.1109/ICBBE.2007.345Enevoldsen, M. S., Pedersen, M. M., Hemmsen, M. C.,Nielsen, M. B., and Jensen, J. A. 2012. Computationalfluid dynamics using in vivo ultrasound blood flowmeasurements. 2012 IEEE International UltrasonicsSymposium, 1596-1599.DOI:10.1109/ULTSYM.2012.0399.Ford, M. D., Stuhne, G. R., Nikolov, H. N., Habets, D. F.,Lownie, S. P., Holdsworth, D. W., and Steinman, D. a.2005. Virtual angiography for visualization and validationof computational models of aneurysm hemodynamics.IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 24(12), 15861592. DOI:10.1109/TMI.2005.859204.Hafizzatul, N., Harun, M., Member, N., Member, I., andShazilah, N. 2014. Study of Vessel Conditions in DifferentCategories of Weight for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)Diagnosis, (December), 8-10.Harita, K., and Anburajan, M. 2013. Patient specific CADModel of useful Carotid Artery (CA) for CFD analysis ofCA with Plaque Condition, 377-381.J. Chen, X-Y. Lu, W. Wang. 2006. Non-Newtonian effectsof blood flow on hemodynamics in distal vascular graftanastomosis. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(11),pp. 1983-1995.8755
VOL. 10, NO 19, OCTOBER, 2015ISSN 1819-6608ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.www.arpnjournals.comKhaladkar, S., Thakkar, D., Shinde, K., Thakkar, D.,Shrotri, H., and Kulkarni, V. 2014. Deep vein thrombosisof the lower limbs: A retrospective analysis of dopplerultrasound findings. Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. PatilUniversity, 7(5), 612. DOI:10.4103/0975-2870.140449.Kushaari, K., Rahman, A. R. A., and Pearce, G. 2012.CFD Simulation of Blood Clot Behaviour Using GPDevice. 2012 UKSim 14th International Conference /UKSim.2012.19.Mühlberger, D., Morandini, L., and Brenner, E. 2008. Ananatomical study of femoral vein valves near thesaphenofemoral junction. Journal of Vascular Surgery,48(4), 994–999. DOI:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.045.Sochi, T. (2013). Non-Newtonian Rheology in BloodCirculation. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1306.2067, 26.Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.2067.Somarouthu B, Abbara S, Kalva SP. 2010. Diagnosingdeep vein thrombosis. Postgraduate medicine. 122(2): 6673.Tokuda, Y., Song, M.-H., Ueda, Y., Usui, A., Akita, T.,Yoneyama, S., and Maruyama, S. 2008. Threedimensional numerical simulation of blood flow in theaortic arch during cardiopulmonary bypass. EuropeanJournal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal ofthe European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery,33, 164–167. DOI:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.11.021.Uus, A., Liatsis, P., Rajani, R., and Mandic, L. 2014. Theimpact of boundary conditions in patient-specific coronaryblood flow simulation, (May), 35-38.Yin, W., Shanmugavelayudam, S. K., and Rubenstein, D.a. 2009. 3D numerical simulation of coronary blood flowand its effect on endothelial cell activation. ConferenceProceedings : Annual International Conference of theIEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEEEngineering in Medicine and Biology MBS.2009.5333483.8756
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2006- 20 15 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserv ed. www.arpnjournals.com 8750 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS Nur Shazilah bt Aziz 1, Nabilah bt I
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