Health, United States, 2001
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Health Statistics6525 Belcrest RoadHyattsville, Maryland 20782-2003OFFICIAL BUSINESSPENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE 300Health, United States, 2001DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESUrban and Rural Health ChartbookDHHS Pub. No. 01-1232-11-0237 (8/01)Health, United States, 2001Urban and Rural Health ChartbookClick here to go to themost recent editionMonitoring theNation's HealthDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics
Copyright InformationPermission has been obtained from the copyrightholders to reproduce certain quoted material in thisreport. Further reproduction of this material isprohibited without specific permission of the copyrightholder. All other material contained in this report is inthe public domain and may be used and reprintedwithout special permission; citation as to source,however, is appreciated.Suggested CitationEberhardt MS, Ingram DD, Makuc DM,et al. Urban and Rural Health Chartbook. Health,United States, 2001. Hyattsville, Maryland: NationalCenter for Health Statistics. 2001.Library of Congress Catalog Number 76–641496For sale by Superintendent of DocumentsU.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, DC 20402
Health, United States, 2001Urban and Rural Health ChartbookDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Health StatisticsAugust 2001DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 01-1232-1
Department of Health and Human ServicesTommy G. ThompsonSecretaryCenters for Disease Control and PreventionJeffrey P. Koplan, M.D., M.P.H.DirectorNational Center for Health StatisticsEdward J. Sondik, Ph.D.Director
PrefaceHealth, United States, 2001 With Urban and RuralHealth Chartbook is the 25th report on the healthstatus of the Nation. This report was compiled by theNational Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). TheNational Committee on Vital and Health Statisticsserved in a review capacity.The Health, United States series presents nationaltrends in health statistics. Major findings are presentedin the highlights. The report includes a chartbook onurban and rural health, trend tables, extensiveappendixes, and an index.race and ethnicity are usually in the greatest detailpossible, after taking into account the quality of data,the amount of missing data, and the number ofobservations. The large differences in health status byrace and Hispanic origin documented in this reportmay be explained by several factors includingsocioeconomic status, health practices, psychosocialstress and resources, environmental exposures,discrimination, and access to health care. Newstandards for presenting Federal data on race andethnicity are described in Appendix II under Race.Changes in This EditionUrban and Rural Health ChartbookIn each edition of Health, United States, a chartbookfocuses on a major health topic. This year the Urbanand Rural Health Chartbook describes the health ofpeople living in urban and rural communities. Urbanand rural communities have different health prioritiesthat are related to differences in demographics, healthbehavior, geographic isolation, and access to healthcare. This chartbook highlights some of these majordifferences and presents information on populationcharacteristics, health-related behaviors, health status,and health care access and use for five levels ofurbanization and four regions of the United States. TheUrban and Rural Health Chartbook consists of 28figures and accompanying text.Trend TablesThe chartbook is followed by 148 trend tablesorganized around four major subject areas: healthstatus and determinants, health care utilization, healthcare resources, and health care expenditures. A majorcriterion used in selecting the trend tables is theavailability of comparable national data over a periodof several years. The tables report data for selectedyears to highlight major trends in health statistics.Earlier editions of Health, United States may presentdata for additional years that are not included in thecurrent printed report. Where possible, these additionalyears of data are available in Lotus 1–2–3 and Excelspreadsheet files on the NCHS Web site. Tables withadditional data years are listed in Appendix III.Racial and Ethnic DataMany tables in Health, United States present dataaccording to race and Hispanic origin consistent withDepartment-wide emphasis on expanding racial andethnic detail in presenting health data. Trend data onHealth, United States, 2001Each volume of Health, United States is prepared withthe goal of maximizing its usefulness as a standardreference source while ensuring its continuingrelevance. Comparability is fostered by includingsimilar trend tables in each volume. Currency isensured by adding new tables each year to reflectemerging topics in public health and makingimprovements in the content of ongoing tables. New toHealth, United States, 2001 is a table on suicidalideation and attempts among adolescents based ondata from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS),(table 59); and a table on sources of payment forhealth care expenses by insurance coverage andselected demographic characteristics based on datafrom the National Medical Expenditures Survey(NMES) and Medical Expenditures Panel Survey(MEPS), (table 119).Data for racial and ethnic groups have been expandedin tables showing fatal occupational injuries (table 50),cancer incidence (table 55), and mammography use(table 82). In addition, the new tables 59 and 119present data for racial and ethnic groups.In other changes, more data years are shown in trendtables on health insurance coverage for persons under65 years of age (tables 128–130); prevalence ofoverweight children has been revised to reflect thenew growth charts (table 69); Varicella vaccinationshave been added to the table on childhoodvaccinations (table 73); and inpatient hospitalizationsfor serious mental illness and alcohol- and drug-relateddiagnoses have been added in tables showing hospitaldischarge data (tables 93 and 94).Two major changes affect mortality trend tables in thisedition: (1) introduction of the Tenth Revision of theInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) forcoding cause-of-death; and (2) use of the year 2000standard population for age adjustment.In the first change, starting with 1999 mortality data,ICD-10 is used for coding cause of death in the trendiii
Prefacetables. In order to minimize discontinuity in mortalitytrends between ICD-9 and ICD-10, coding by earlierICD revisions for some causes has been revised tomore closely reflect ICD-10 coding. For example thetrend for homicide replaces homicide and legalintervention (table 46) and malignant neoplasms of thetrachea, bronchus, and lung replaces malignantneoplasms of the respiratory system (table 40).In the second change, mortality data as well as databased on the National Health and NutritionExamination Survey and National Hospital DischargeSurvey are age adjusted using the year 2000population, thus completing the phase in of the newpopulation standard for age adjustment for NCHS datasources in Health, United States (see Appendix II, Ageadjustment). Rates age adjusted to the 2000 standarddiffer from age-adjusted rates in previous editions ofthis report.AppendixesAppendix I describes each data source used in thereport and provides references for further informationabout the sources.Appendix II is an alphabetical listing of terms used inthe report. It also presents standard populations usedfor age adjustment (tables I, II, and III); ICD codes forcauses of death from the Sixth through TenthRevisions and the years when the Revisions were ineffect (tables IV and V); comparability ratios betweenICD-9 and ICD-10 for selected causes (table VI);ICD–9–CM codes for external cause of injury,diagnostic, and procedure categories (tables VII, IX,and X); industry codes from the Standard IndustrialClassification Manual (table VIII); and sampletabulations of National Health Interview Survey datacomparing the 1977 and 1997 Standards for Federaldata on race and Hispanic origin (tables XI and XII).Appendix III lists tables for which additional years oftrend data are available electronically in Lotus 1–2–3and Excel spreadsheet files on the NCHS Web siteand CD-ROM.The Index to Trend Tables is a useful tool for locatingdata by topic. Tables are cross-referenced by suchtopics as Child and adolescent health, Women’shealth, Elderly population, Nutrition related, State data,American Indian, Asian, Black, and Hispanic originpopulations, Education, Poverty status, and Disability.ivElectronic AccessHealth, United States may be accessed from theNCHS Web site at www.cdc.gov/nchs. Click on ‘‘Top10 Links’’ and ‘‘Health, United States.’’ From theHealth, United States home page, one may alsosubscribe to the Health, United States listserv.Health, United States, 2001, the chartbook on urbanand rural health, and each of the 148 individual trendtables are available as separate Acrobat .pdf files onthe Health, United States home page. Individual tablesare downloadable as Lotus 1–2–3 and Excelspreadsheet files. Pdf and spreadsheet files forselected tables will be updated on the Health, UnitedStates home page, if more current data becomeavailable near the time when the book is released.Readers who register for the listserv will be notified ofthese periodic table updates. Previous editions ofHealth, United States and chartbooks, starting with the1993 edition, also may be accessed from the Health,United States home page.Health, United States is also available, along withother NCHS reports, on a CD-ROM entitled‘‘Publications from the National Center for HealthStatistics, featuring Health, United States, 2001,’’ vol 1no 7, 2001. These publications can be viewed,searched, printed, and saved using Adobe Acrobatsoftware on the CD-ROM. The CD-ROM and completeHealth, United States report may be purchased fromthe Government Printing Office.Questions?For answers to questions about this report, contact:Data Dissemination BranchNational Center for Health StatisticsCenters for Disease Control and Prevention6525 Belcrest Road, Room 1064Hyattsville, Maryland 20782–2003phone: 301–458–INFOE-mail: nchsquery@cdc.govInternet: www.cdc.gov/nchsThe Urban and Rural Health Chartbook isreprinted from Health, United States, 2001 andincludes highlights of the trend tables and theappendixes from the complete report.Health, United States, 2001
AcknowledgmentsOverall responsibility for planning and coordinating thecontent of this volume rested with the Office ofAnalysis, Epidemiology, and Health Promotion,National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), under thegeneral direction of Diane M. Makuc and Jennifer H.Madans.The Urban and Rural Health Chartbook wasprepared by Mark S. Eberhardt, Deborah D. Ingram,Diane M. Makuc, Elsie R. Pamuk, Virginia M. Freid,Sam B. Harper, Charlotte A. Schoenborn, and HenryXia. Data and analysis for specific charts wereprovided by Lara J. Akinbami, Margaret A. Cooke,Marni J. Hall, Maria F. Owings, and Kenneth C.Schoendorf of NCHS; Joseph C. Gfroerer and PatriciaRoyston of the Office of Applied Studies, SubstanceAbuse and Mental Health Services Administration;Leigh A. Henderson of Synectics for ManagementDecisions, Inc.; and Clemencia M. Vargas of theUniversity of Maryland School of Dentistry. Statisticalcomputing was provided by Louise Saulnier of TRWCorporation, Alan J. Cohen, and Catherine R. Duran.Technical assistance was provided by FelicitySkidmore, Kate M. Brett, Lisa Broitman, Rong Cai,Lois A. Fingerhut, Karen E. Fujii, Richard F. Gillum,Sarah W. Gousen, Kirk Greenway, Lillian R. Hsieh,Ellen A. Kramarow, Ji-Eun Lee, Andrea P. MacKay,Robert Pokras, J. Neil Russell, Dawn M. Scott, StaciSchweizer, Thomas C. Socey, Genevieve W. Strahan,and Elizabeth Zarate.Advice on the content of the chartbook was providedby Joan F. Van Nostrand of the Office of Rural HealthPolicy, Health Resources and Services Administration;Thomas C. Ricketts III of the Cecil G. Sheps Centerfor Health Services Research, University of NorthCarolina; Calvin L. Beale of the Economic ResearchService, United States Department of Agriculture, andAndrew F. Coburn of the Edmund S. Muskie School ofPublic Service, University of Southern Maine.Health, United States, 2001 highlights, trend tables,and appendixes were prepared under the leadership ofKate Prager. Trend tables were prepared by Alan J.Cohen, Margaret A. Cooke, La-Tonya D. Curl,Catherine R. Duran, Virginia M. Freid, Andrea P.MacKay, Mitchell B. Pierre, Jr., Rebecca A. Placek,Anita L. Powell, Kate Prager, Laura A. Pratt, and HenryXia with assistance from Karen E. Fujii, LaJeanaHowie, Ji-Eun Lee, Louise Saulnier of TRWCorporation, Staci Schweizer, and Elizabeth Zarate.Production planning and coordination of appendixesand index to trend tables were managed by Anita L.Powell. Production planning and coordination of trendtables were managed by Rebecca A. Placek.Administrative and word processing assistance wereHealth, United States, 2001provided by Carole J. Hunt, Camille A. Miller, and AnneE. Cromwell.Publications management and editorial review wereprovided by Thelma W. Sanders and Rolfe W. Larson.The designer was Sarah M. Hinkle. Graphics weresupervised by Stephen L. Sloan. Production was doneby Jacqueline M. Davis and Annette F. Holman.Printing was managed by Joan D. Burton andPatricia L. Wilson.Electronic access through the NCHS Internet site andCD-ROM were provided by Christine J. Brown,Michelle L. Bysheim, Jacqueline M. Davis, Annette F.Holman, Gail V. Johnson, Sharon L. Ramirez, ThelmaW. Sanders, Tammy M. Stewart-Prather and Patricia A.Vaughan.Data and technical assistance were provided by staffof the following NCHS organizations: Division of HealthCare Statistics: Catharine W. Burt, Donald Cherry,Barbara J. Haupt, Linda S. Lawrence, Karen L.Lipkind, Nghi Ly, Linda F. McCaig, Susan M.Schappert, Alvin J. Sirrocco, Genevieve W. Strahan,and David A. Woodwell; Division of Health ExaminationStatistics: Margaret D. Carroll, Clifford L. Johnson, andRobert J. Kuczmarski; Division of Health InterviewStatistics: Viona I. Brown, Pei-Lu Chiu, Robin A.Cohen, Richard H. Coles, Nancy G. Gagne, CathyHao, Ann M. Hardy, Kristina Kotulak-Hays, Susan S.Jack, Jane Page, Charlotte A. Schoenborn, MiraShanks, Anne K. Stratton, and Luong Tonthat; Divisionof Vital Statistics: Robert N. Anderson, Linda E. Biggar,Thomas D. Dunn, Donna L. Hoyert, Kenneth D.Kochanek, Marian F. MacDorman, Joyce A. Martin, T.J.Mathews, Jeffrey D. Maurer, William D. Mosher, SherryL. Murphy, Gail A. Parr, Harry M. Rosenberg, ManjuSharma, Betty L. Smith, and Stephanie J. Ventura;Office of Analysis, Epidemiology and HealthPromotion: John Aberle-Grasse, Lois A. Fingerhut, andDeborah D. Ingram; and Office of InternationalStatistics: Juan Rafael Albertorio-Diaz and Francis C.Notzon.Additional data and technical assistance were alsoprovided by the National Center for HIV, STD, and TBPrevention, CDC: Tim Bush, Melinda Flock, and LuettaSchneider; Epidemiology Program Office, CDC:Samuel L. Groseclose and Patsy A. Hall; NationalCenter for Chronic Disease Prevention and HealthPromotion, CDC: Sherry Everett Jones, Joy Herndon,and Lilo T. Strauss; National Immunization Program,CDC: Emmanuel Maurice and Dave Sanders; Agencyfor Health Care Research and Quality: Joel Cohen,Steven Machlin, and Joshua Thorpe; HealthResources and Services Administration: EvelynChristian; Substance Abuse and Mental Healthv
AcknowledgmentsServices Administration: Joanne Atay, Judy K. Ball,Joseph C. Gfroerer, Andrea Kopstein, RonaldManderscheid, Patricia Royston, Richard Thoreson,and Deborah Trunzo; National Institutes of Health: KenAllison, Lynn A. G. Ries, and Deborah Dawson; HealthCare Financing Administration: Gerald S. Adler, CathyA. Cowan, Janice D. Drexler, Frank Eppig, David A.Gibson, Leslie Greenwald, Helen C. Lazenby,Katharine R. Levit, Anna Long, Anthony C. Parker, andMadie W. Stewart; Office of the Secretary, DHHS:Mitchell Goldstein; Census Bureau: Joseph Dalaker,Bernadette D. Proctor, and Ann-Margaret Jensen;Bureau of Labor Statistics: Alan Blostin, Kay Ford,Daniel Ginsburg, and Peggy Suarez; Department ofVeterans Affairs: Elizabeth Ahuja and Laura O’Shea;Alan Guttmacher Institute: Susan Tew; Association ofSchools of Public Health: Wendy Katz; InterStudy:Richard Hamer; University of Michigan: PatrickO’Malley; Cowles Research Group: C. McKeenCowles; and CSR Incorporated: Gerald D. Williams.viHealth, United States, 2001
ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsiiivList of Figures on Urban and Rural HealthviiiGeographic Regions and Divisions of theUnited StatesixAppendixesContentsI. Sources and Limitations of DataII. Glossary121123156HighlightsUrban and Rural HealthHealth Status and DeterminantsHealth Care Utilization and ResourcesHealth Care Expenditures36911Urban and Rural Health ChartbookIntroduction17PopulationRegion and UrbanizationPopulation and UrbanizationAgeRace and EthnicityPoverty2224262830Health Behaviors and Risk FactorsAdolescent SmokingAdult SmokingAlcohol ConsumptionObesityPhysical Inactivity3234363840MortalityInfantsChildren and Young AdultsWorking-Age AdultsSeniorsHeart DiseaseChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseasesUnintentional Injuries and Motor VehicleTraffic-Related InjuriesHomicideSuicide424446485052545658Other Health Status MeasuresAdolescent BirthsLimitation of ActivityTotal Tooth Loss606264Health Care Access and UseHealth InsurancePhysician SupplyDentist SupplyDental VisitsInpatient Hospital UseSubstance Abuse Treatment666870727476Technical NotesReferencesData Tables for Figures 2–28788892Health, United States, 2001vii
List of Figures on Urban and Rural HealthPopulation1. United States counties by region andurbanization level, 1990232. Population by region and urbanization level:United States, 1998253. Population 65 years of age and over by regionand urbanization level: United States, 1998264. Population in selected race and Hispanic origingroups by region and urbanization level:United States, 19985. Population in poverty by region andurbanization level: United States, 19972816. Death rates for chronic obstructive pulmonarydiseases among persons 20 years of age andover by sex, region, and urbanization level:United States, 1996–985217. Death rates for all unintentional injuries andmotor vehicle traffic-related injuries by sex, region,and urbanization level: United States, 1996–985418. Homicide rates by sex, region, andurbanization level: United States, 1996–985619. Suicide rates among persons 15 years of ageand over by sex, region, and urbanization level:United States, 1996–985830Other Health Status MeasuresHealth Behaviors and Risk Factors6. Cigarette smoking in the past month amongadolescents 12–17 years of age by region andurbanization level: United States, 1999327. Cigarette smoking among persons 18 years ofage and over by sex, region, and urbanizationlevel: United States, 1997–98348. Alcohol consumption of 5 or more drinks in 1day in the last year among persons 18–49 yearsof age by sex, region, and urbanization level:United States, 1997–98369. Obesity among persons 18 years of age andover by sex, region, and urbanization level:United States 1997–983810. Physical inactivity during leisure time amongpersons 18 years of age and over by sex, region,and urbanization level: United States, 1997–984012. Death rates for all causes among persons1–24 years of age by sex, region, andurbanization level: United States, 1996–9813. Death rates for all causes among persons25–64 years of age by sex, region, andurbanization level: United States, 1996–9842444614. Death rates for all causes among persons 65years of age and over by sex, region, andurbanization level: United States, 1996–984815. Death rates for ischemic heart disease amongpersons 20 years of age and over by sex, region,and urbanization level: Unit
Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and Andrew F. Coburn of the Edmund S. Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine. Health, United States, 2001 highlights, trend tables, and appendixes were prepared under the leadership of Kate Prager. Trend tables were prepared by Alan J.: CDC Health Health, United States, 2001
PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY P.8 United States THE ETERNAL WEST P.14 United States ROUTE 66 P.22 United States THE BLUES HIGHWAY P.24 United States THE KEYS: FLORIDA FROM ISLAND TO ISLAND P.26 United States ROUTE 550: THE MILLION DOLLAR HIGHWAY P.34 United States HAWAII: THE ROAD TO HANA P.42 United States OTHER
Index to Indiana Statistics in the Decennial Censuses Contents 3rd Census of the United States (1810) 2 4th Census of the United States (1820) 3 5th Census of the United States (1830) 4 6th Census of the United States (1840) 5 7th Census of the United States (1850) 7 8th Census of the United States (1860) 10 9th Census of the United States (1870) 17
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Henry Spinelli, MD – United States Sherard A. Tatum, MD – United States Jesse A. Taylor, MD – United States Mark M. Urata, MD – United States John van Aalst, MD – United States Steven Wall, MD – United Kingdom S. Anthony Wolfe, MD – United States Vincent Yeow, MD – Singapore
Laser Spine Institute - Scottsdale Arizona, United States Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks Arizona, United States Adventist Health California, United States Adventist Health Howard Memorial Hospital California, United States Ukiah Valley Medical Center - Adventist Health California, United States
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS . FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT _ NEW MEXICO HEALTH CONNECTIONS, a New Mexico non-profit corporation, Plaintiff - Appellee, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES; CENTERS FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID SERVICES; ALEX M. AZAR, II, Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, .
INDICATORS OF FAECAL POLLUTION Valerie Harwood University of South Florida Tampa, United States Orin Shanks United States Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, United States Asja Korajkic United States Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, United States Matthew Verbyla San Diego State University San Diego, United States Warish Ahmed
Second Grade – English/Language Arts Kentucky Core Academic Standards with Targets Student Friendly Targets Pacing Guide . Page 2 of 40 Revised 2/28/2012 College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading The K-5 standards on the following pages define what students should understand and be able to do by the end of each grade. They correspond to ten broad College and Career Readiness .
