Chapter 12 And 13 Review Worksheet - Revereschools

12.2419Five-Power Treaty12.2419Four-Power Treaty12.2419Nine-Power Treaty12.212.2419419Warren G. Harding12.2420Andrew Mellon12.212.2420420Charles G. riand Pact12.242012.242012.242012.242112.242112.2421US, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy agreed to freeze their navies at 1921levels along w/ several other provisionsUS, Great Britain, France, and Japan agreed to respect one another’s Pacificholdings.Put the Open Door policy into the form of a treaty, US, Great Britain, Japan,France, Italy, Belgium, China, the Netherlands, and Portugal agreed to preserveequal commercial rights in China and to refrain from “taking advantage ofconditions in China to seek special rights or privilege.”Republican candidate elected President in 1920An eight nation conference in Washington, D.C. conference of majorworld powers (except Russia b/c they were Communist) thatattempted to look at some post-WWI problems: arms control, wardebts, ad reconstruction of war-torn countries. The Four-Power,Five-Power, and Nine-Power Treaty treaties were signed as a result.One of Harding’s Cabinet members that did good—Secretary of treasurybetween 1921 and 1932 that set out to set about drastically cutting taxes andreducing the nation debtA U.S banker who negotiated the Dawes Plan.Dawes PlanAdopted by the U.S. in 1922, it raised taxes on U.S. imports to 60 percent00thehighest level ever. The tariff was put in place becauseAs a result of the war, Americans had two main concerns. First, theywanted to ensure economic self-sufficiency so that no future enemycould manipulate the American economy. Second, many industrieswanted to preserve the benefits of the increased wartime demand.These special interests feared European competitors attemptingeconomic recovery through increasing exports to America.Treaty that attempted to outlaw war—signed by fifteen countries. It was futilesince it provided no means of enforcing.Harding’s poker-playing crony friends who were mostly from Ohio.Harding appointed many of them to positions in his administration.The Ohio gang was plagued by scandal as they sought to use theirconnections to the president to enrich themselves at the public’sexpense.What do Harding’sappointments indicateabout his judgment?What were the reasonsEuropean countries werenot paying their war debt?That although he made some good appointments, his appointment of croniesfrom his home state showed poor judgment.Their economies had been weakened in the war; they were unable to raise moneybecause U.S. exports were limited by high tariffs; Germany failed to pay themexpected reparations.Albert B. FallWas the head of the Veterans Bureau and was caught illegally sellinggovernment and hospital supplies to private companies. During histrial, Forbes attempted to implicate Treasury Secretary AndrewMellon in his actions, however Mellon's well-known standards ofethics trumped Forbes claim when he failed to produce any evidenceto back his claims.Colonel Thomas W.MillerWas the head of Alien Property and was caught taking bribes. He served 18months in prison. He was paroled in 1929 and pardoned by United StatesPresident Herbert Hoover in 1933.4

12.2421How did the scandals ofthe Hardingadministration hurt thecountry economically?12.2421Teapot Dome Scandal12.242112.3422Warren G. Harding’spresidency was plaguedby scandal, and it waslater regarded asunsuccessful. Explainwhy President Hardingwas popular with theAmerican public despitethese facts.Henry Ford12.3423—N/A423—N/A“Tin Lizzie”12.3423—N/AAssess the effects of theautomobile on life in theUnited States.12.342312.3423What was the impact ofthe /AAmelia EarhartHow did the widespreaduse of the automobileaffect the environmentand the lives ofAmericans?Spirit of St. LouisUrban sprawl12.342512.342512.3Assembly LineThe government lost revenue when veterans’ hospital overcharged it; in theTeapot Dome scandal, public oil reserves were leaded for private gain.Haring promised the American people a “return to normalcy” after World War I.This appealed to a public that was trying to recover form a war that haddrastically changed American life. One of Harding’s first priorities as presidentwas working with other world powers to agree on peace. Of course, the idea ofpeace very much appealed to post-war Americans. Also, Harding “looked like”a president, and the American people saw him as a “good-natured” man. He diedjust as the scandals of his administration were coming to light, possibly savinghim from public ridicule.Business leader who used the assembly line means of production forautomobiles.Henry Ford’s Model T automobileMethod of manufacturing in which production is divided into simple tasks; madepopular and refined by Henry Ford (considered his greatest achievement)Ford’s use of mass production and low prices produced a mass market forautomobiles. The automobile stimulated some small businesses such as garages,gas stations, diners, and tourist homes. Tractors replaced draft animals on farmsand rural areas were no longer isolated. Workers could commute to their jobsand people, in general, became more mobile.U.S. Route 66, (also known as Route 66, The Main Street of America,The Mother Road and the Will Rogers Highway) was a highway inthe U.S. Highway system. One of the original federal routes, US 66was established on October 11th, 1926, though signs did not go upuntil the following year. It originally ran from Chicago, Illinoisthrough Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizonaand California before ending at Los Angeles for a total of 2,448 miles.Roads were paved, and shopping centers and other services for cars were built;people commuted to work, and urban sprawl developed; regional differencesdiminished.Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.It changed the American landscape through the construction of paved roads. Itliberated the isolated rural family, and it allowed workers to live miles from theirjobs.Small plane that Charles Lindbergh used to fly nonstop across the AtlanticThe unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regionsAdvertisers talkedless about the factsof a product andappealed more tothe ofconsumers?How did the use ofelectricity affectAmericans’ lifestyle?What were three maincomponents that drove theconsumerism during the1920s?It transformed the nation. Factories used electricity to run their machines. Electricitycould now be transmitted to the countryside. Well-to-do families had electricrefrigeration, cooking ranges, and toasters, vacuums, electric irons, fans, etc.).Excess money (rationing and lack of products during the war), new products, andinstallment plans.5

12.3425Why were advertisementsso successful in the1920s? DO they serve thesame purpose today?Explain your answer.12.3426Installment plan12.342712.3427How do you think thechanges in spending willaffect the economy?What were the mainadvantage anddisadvantage of buying oncredit?13.143413.1435How did small-town lifeand city life differ?13.1436Prohibition13.1436—N/AProhibition Bureau13.143613.1436Volstead Act13.1436What and who was thedriving force /A13.113.1437437—N/AAds made people think they need certain products. They used psychologicaltechniques to appeal to people’s vanities and fears. There were many newproducts, and they were marketed in clever ways. People were tired of thedeprivation they had faced during the war and were eager to indulge themselves.Ads today are still used to entice people to buy new products by appealing totheir vanities and fears. They still tempt to create a sense of need for productsthat are in many cases, unnecessary.The economy may falter when consumers are unable to meet their creditobligations.A: People could buy goods they could not otherwise afford.D: People could go far into debt without realizing.Vice President who took over after Harding’s death. Known asSilent Cal, Coolidge’s stern, reserved natured contrasted withHarding’s outgoing personality. He was very much pro-business andgenerally opposed laws designed to help farmers or workers—heargued that such legislation limited private initiative and harmed theeconomy.Small towns were bound by traditional morals and close ties of family, friends,and religion. Cities offered varied perspectives and options because of theirlarge, mixed population; cultural variety; and greater tolerance of values andideas.Agency established to enforce the law against the selling of liquorIllegal Saloons—so called because when inside, one spokequietly, or “easily” to avoid detection.Movement led predominately by women (temperance movement) who believedalcohol led to violence (domestic violence), unemployment (firing for alcoholrelated issues), and economic hardships (spending money on liquor—i.e. Saloonsallowing workers to have credit and then cashing pay checks at end of week,workers had already spent half their paychecks.An entrepreneur in the illegal business of producing and providingalcohol during prohibition. Became a very powerful man, not only inthe underworld but also in legitimate world including politics.People who illegally produced and/or transported alcohol. Namecomes from days when Georgia was a colony and prohibitedalcohol—people who hide their flask in the bootleg.How did criminals takeadvantage of Prohibition?MoonshinersRumrunners/ShinerunnersWhat led to the start ofNASCAR?Criminals broke the law by smuggling, as well as by making alcohol and sellingit for profit.People who illegal produced alcohol in stills from corn and potatoes; an illegalprofession that still exists today (mostly in Appalachian America).Individuals who were hired to transport alcohol from producers to saloons.Early race drivers were often involved in bootlegging. Some accounts say that they allwere. That is how (at least most of them) afforded the fastest and therefore mostexpensive machines--with their excessive moonshine profits. They ran moonshine downthe twisty mountain roads to people during alcohol prohibition. The runners would modifytheir cars in order to create a faster, more maneuverable vehicle to evade the police, andcame to love the fast paced driving. When the U.S. alcohol prohibition was lifted in 1933,the owners of these first "racecars" watched their profitable businesses dry up. Since theyhad no reason to use them for "runnin' shine" anymore and found themselves with time ontheir hands and lots of money, many wanted to race their cars for pride and money.6

Why do you think theEighteenth Amendmentfailed to eliminate alcoholconsumption?13.143713.143813.1438American CivilLiberties Union(ACLU)13.1438Billy Sunday13.1438Fundamentalism13.1438John T. Scopes13.1438Scopes Trial(Monkey Trial)13.1438Summarize the beliefs offundamentalism.13.143813.1439Clarence Darrow13.143913.1440What was the conflictbetween fundamentalistsand those who acceptedevolution?Analyze the changes inwomen’s lives during the1920s.13.2440—N/AFeminists13.2441Double standard (as itrelates to women in the1920s)13.2441FlappersThe consumption of alcohol was a tradition part of many cultures; thegovernment failed to provide sufficient staff and resources to enforce the law; themeans of manufacturing, selling, and transporting liquor were many and couldeasily be concealed.A leading fundamentalist preacher who presented a moresophisticated image/Hollywood-showmanship to preach—she wasespecially well known for healing the sick through prayerA leading fundamentalist preacher—A baseball layer turned preacher who stagedemotional meetings across the South—he was also very much against alcoholconsumption.John Thomas Scopes, a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee at the age of 24, wascharged on May 25, 1925 with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, whichprohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. He was in court in acase known as the Scopes Trial.Fundamentalist believed that all important knowledge could be found in theBible and that what was in the Bible was true. They rejected Darwin’s theory ofevolution.Bryan actively supported state laws banning public schools fromteaching evolution, and several southern states passed such laws afterBryan addressed them. His participation in the highly publicized1925 Scopes Trial served as a capstone to his career. Bryan wasasked by William Bell Riley to represent as counsel the WorldChristian Fundamentals Association at the trial.Fundamentalists believed that God created the world in six days, whereasevolutionists argued that modern species developed form earlier forms of lifeover millions of years.During the 1920s women expressed a greater personal freedom. They soughtfinancial independence and began to seek jobs in business rather than intraditional fields. Women continued to earn considerable less than men for thesame work, and they continued to have difficulty entering prestigious professionssuch as science and law. Women continued to believe that their roles wereseparate from men that they were to be mothers and homemakers. With newtechnology, the nature of being a homemaker changed.Women rights activistsSet of principles granting great sexual freedom to men than to women7

How was the flapper likeand unlike women oftoday?How did the growth ofbusiness and industryaffect women?Like: Flappers used clothing, hairstyles, and behavior to claim a new freedom.Unlike: Today’s women have more freedoms.13.244113.244213.244213.2443How did the lives ofwomen change during the1920s?13.2443What changes affectedfamilies in the 1920s?13.2444Flagpole Sitting13.2445Bobbed hair13.313.34474471st Radio station13.344813.3448Babe Ruth13.3448—N/ABobby Jones13.3448Gertrude Ederie13.3448Helen Wills13.3448—N/ARed Grange13.3448—N/AWhat led to the sportsmania of the 1920s?13.3448Why did radiobecome so popular?13.3448—N/A450—N/A450—N/AWhy did sports becomean important part ofsociety?New laws limiting working hours and increased national productivity led tosignificant increases in people’s leisure time and income. People now had timeto play sports and the time/money to attend/listen to sporting events.Alfred StieglitzInternationally renowned photographerCharlie ChaplinOne of the brightest silent movie stars of the 1920s13.313.3Big business and industry produced timesaving appliances that freed womenfrom some household chores, and business growth also created jobs for millionsof women, but most women were confined to tradition jobs.Women activist who fought for women to have the right to birthcontrol. She opened the first birth-control clinic in the U.S. andfounded the American Birth Control League in 1921 as she openlyfought to allow for physicians to have the right to give birth controlto their patients.How did schools changeduring the 1920s?The changes in fashion were extreme and liberating, with shorter skirts andshorter hair. In addition, dance styles and relaxed attitudes toward casual datingallowed more freedom for women. Women began to enter the work force inincreasing numbers, even though they worked in support positions and did notearn salaries equal to those of men. Even though women were still responsiblefor managing the home, new time- and energy-saving devices mad these taskseasier, freeing up time for work outside the home. Also, many women chose nothave children, instead focusing on romantic relationships.The birthrate dropped; household labor was simplified by technology; childrenspent their days in school; adolescent rebelliousness increased.An extremely short haircut that freed women from long tresses that had beenfashionable for yearsMore students were able to attend school during this prosperous time; schoolshad to adapt to teaching students of new immigrant families; schools offered abroad range of courses for students to train for industrial jobs.As successful pitcher and team manager, he made his greatestcontribution by founding the Negro National League—earned thetitle “The Father of Black Baseball.”Legendary slugger for the New York Yankees who hit a record 60 homeruns in1927.In 1926, at the age of 19, she became the first woman to swim the EnglishChannel.Helen Willis dominated women’s tennis, winning the singles title at the U.S.Open seven times and the Wimbledon title eight times.Became one of the first modern day football stars. He was a college star beforegoing on to star for the Chicago Bears.New laws limiting working hours and increased national productivity led tosignificant increases in people’s leisure time and income.8

Considered America’s finest playwright—his plays forcedAmericans to reflect upon modern isolation, confusion, andfamily conflict.13.345013.3450F. Scott Fitzgerald13.3450George Gershwin13.3450Georgia O’Keeffe13.3450Jazz Singer13.3450—N/ANickelodeons13.3450Sinclair Lewis13.313.313.3450450450Talkies13.3451Edna St. Vincent Millay13.3451Ernest Hemingway13.345113.4452Why did some writersreject American cultureand values?How did HarlemRenaissance create pridefor African Americans?13.4453Back to AfricaMovement13.4453How did the influx ofAfrican Americanschange Northern cities?13.4453James WeldonJohnson13.445313.445313.4454Universal NegroImprovement Association(UNIA)Claude McKay13.4454Harlem RenaissanceA famous American novelist who coined the term “Jazz Age” to describe the1920s—he revealed the negative side of the period’s gaiety and freedom,portraying wealthy and attractive people leading imperiled lived in gildedsurroundings. His two most famous books were This Side of Paradise and TheGreat Gatsby.A famous American concert music composer who merged tradition elementswith American jazz, thus creating anew sound that was identifiably American.A famous painter of the 1920s who produced intensely colored canvases thatcaptured the grandeur of America.First movie with sound and grossed over 2 million dollars (talkies speakingmovies).Movie theatres charging a nickel to see the show.A famous American writer who was the first American to win a Nobel Prize inliterature—he ridiculed Americans for their conformity and materialism.Walt Disney’s film which was the first animated film with sound.Movies with speaking dialogue—doubled movie attendanceWhy wereAmericans sodelighted by moviesin the 1920s?An American poet who wrote poems celebrating youth and a life ofindependence and freedom from traditional constraints.Ernest Hemingway, wounded in World War I, became the best-knownexpatriate author. In his novels The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms,he criticized the glorification of war. He also introduced a tough, simplifiedstyle of writing that set a new literary standard, using sentences a Timereporter compared to “round stones polished by rain and wind.”Many American writers found American culture shallow and materialist; theybelieved society lacked any unified ideas.Gave African Americans public role models to look up to, gave an identity to thepeople and the communities, allowed them to see white people paying to seeAfrican Americans perform, etc.The movement of millions of African Americans to Northern cities greatlyincreased their black populations, and heightened racial tensions that sometimesresulted in discrimination and violence.An immigrant from Jamaica believed that African Americans shouldbuild a separate society. His different, more radical message of blackpride aroused the hopes of many—he would later lead a movementthat advocated a return to Africa.An organization founded by Marcus Garvey that started the “Back to Africa”MovementA novelist, poet, and Jamaican immigrant, was a major figure whose militant verses urgedAfrican Americans to resist prejudice and discrimination. His poems also expressed thepain of life in the black ghettos and the strain of being black in a world dominated bywhites.9

13.4454Langston Hughes13.4454What approach to racerelations did MarcusGarvey promote?13.4456—N/ABlues13.445613.4456In what ways did writersof the HarlemRenaissance celebrate a“rebirth”?13.4456Louis Armstrong13.4456Paul Robeson13.445713.4457Besides literaryaccomplishments, in whatareas did AfricanAmericans achieveremarkable results?Consider the GreatMigration and the HarlemRenaissance and theirconsequences. Describethe effects that theseevents had on the country.13.4441,445Dance Fads13.4444,457Bessie SmithThe most best-known poet of the Harlem Renaissance. Many of Hughes's 1

12.1 413 Red Scare (First Red Scare) 12.1 413 Sacco and Vanzetti 12.1 413 The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti came to symbolize Mistrust for immigrants and radicals—fell right into the hands of nativists. 12.1 413 Why did Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer launch a series of raids against suspected Communists?