Telematics Framework For Federal Agencies: Lessons From .
Telematics Framework forFederal Agencies: Lessons fromthe Marine Corps FleetCabell Hodge and Mark SingerNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryNREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency & Renewable EnergyOperated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLCThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.Technical ReportNREL/TP-5400-70223October 2017Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308
Telematics Framework forFederal Agencies: Lessonsfrom the Marine Corps FleetCabell Hodge and Mark SingerNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryPrepared under Task No. FEMP.10960.01.01.09NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency & Renewable EnergyOperated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLCThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.National Renewable Energy Laboratory15013 Denver West ParkwayGolden, CO 80401303-275-3000 www.nrel.govTechnical ReportNREL/TP-5400-70223October 2017Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308
NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty,express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness ofany information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privatelyowned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation,or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authorsexpressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.Available electronically at SciTech Connect http:/www.osti.gov/scitechAvailable for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energyand its contractors, in paper, from:U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Scientific and Technical InformationP.O. Box 62Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062OSTI http://www.osti.govPhone: 865.576.8401Fax: 865.576.5728Email: reports@osti.govAvailable for sale to the public, in paper, from:U.S. Department of CommerceNational Technical Information Service5301 Shawnee RoadAlexandria, VA 22312NTIS http://www.ntis.govPhone: 800.553.6847 or 703.605.6000Fax: 703.605.6900Email: orders@ntis.govCover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (left to right) NREL 26173, NREL 18302, NREL 19758, NREL 29642, NREL 19795.NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content.
AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy ManagementProgram under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory. Consultation with fleet managers and others at the U.S. Marine Corps wasinstrumental to the completion of this report. The authors would like to thank Daniel Robinson,James Gough, Chuck Kurnik, Margo Melendez, Jerry Davis, Karen Guerra, Brenna Thorpe, MattSawatzki, Courtney Dupont, Allie Erenbaum, Laura Newberger, Thomas Homan, BrendanCasey, Paul Basola, Marcus Ward, Tony Parker, Jean Pilon-Bignell, Robert Turner, Connor Bell,Timor Brik, Brock Burrows, Ron Cimo, Heidi Blakley, and all the Marine Corps fleet managerswho provided anonymous feedback to the survey discussed herein. In addition, the authorswould like to thank Jarett Zuboy for his diligence, responsiveness, and attention to detail whileediting this report.iiiThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.
List of AcronymsAFDCAlternative Fuels Data CenterAFVAlternative fuel vehicleAPIApplication programming interfaceAPNAccess point nameAVLAutomatic vehicle locationBPABlanket purchase agreementCANController Area NetworkCNGCompressed natural gasDHSU.S. Department of Homeland SecurityDOLDriveCam OnlineDTCDiagnostic trouble codeE85A high-level ethanol blendECUEngine control unitEOExecutive OrderFASTFederal Automotive Statistical ToolFedRAMPFederal Risk and Authorization Management ProgramFMISFleet management information systemGPSGlobal positioning systemGSAU.S. General Services AdministrationIMEIInternational mobile equipment identityNRELNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryOBDOn-board diagnosticOECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOEMOriginal equipment manufacturerRMFRisk-management frameworkVAMVehicle allocation methodologyVMTVehicle miles traveledivThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.
Executive SummaryExecutive Order 13693 requires federal agencies to acquire telematics for their light- andmedium-duty vehicles as appropriate. This report is intended to help agencies that are deployingtelematics systems and seeking to integrate them into their fleet management process. It providesan overview of telematics capabilities, lessons learned from the deployment of telematics in theMarine Corps fleet, and recommendations for federal fleet managers to maximize value fromtelematics.Because the Marine Corps has about 10 years of experience with fleet telematics, the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) solicited feedback from Marine Corps fleet managers toidentify best practices and lessons learned. NREL combined this knowledge with research onother telematics applications to provide guidance on how federal agencies can get the most fromtheir telematics systems. The resulting recommendations include the following: Replicate the Marines Corps’ DRIVESAFE program to promote safe and efficientdriving behavior. Simplify fleet management through automated reporting and maintenance notifications. Use telematics in the vehicle-acquisition process to pool vehicles, determine whereshuttle service could substitute for individual vehicles, or right-size and right-type thefleet in support of the vehicle allocation methodology process. Consult with information technology teams and experienced fleets regardingcybersecurity requirements.Beyond the Executive Order 13693 requirements to install telematics, telematics can keeppersonnel safe, increase efficiency, enable fleet managers to concentrate on tasks that are higherpriority than reporting, and save the federal government money. If used to their maximum extent,telematics could help fleet managers save more than 2,000 per vehicle each year.vThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.
Table of Contents123456Introduction . 1Overview of Telematics Systems . 12.12.2Original Equipment Manufacturer, Aftermarket, and Temporary Telematics . 2Methods of Data Capture from Telematics . 32.2.1 Automatic Vehicle Location . 32.2.2 OBD-II Engine Data and Alternative Sources . 42.2.3 Video . 5Survey of Marine Corps Fleet Managers . 5Safety and Driver Efficiency . 84.14.24.34.44.5Marine Corps Safety Program . 8Driver Safety Applications . 104.2.1 Distracted Driving . 104.2.2 Collision Notification . 104.2.3 Aggressive Driving . 11Idling . 12Choosing Efficient Vehicles and Reducing Vehicle Miles Traveled . 13Cost Savings Associated with Driver Safety and Fleet Efficiency . 135.15.25.35.4Vehicle Utilization . 15Maintenance Notifications . 15Integration with Fleet Management Information Systems . 16Cost Savings Associated with Simplified Fleet Management . 166.16.26.36.4Acquiring Alternative Fuel Vehicles. 17Pooling Vehicles . 19Vehicle Allocation Methodology Support . 20Cost Savings Associated with Optimal Vehicle Acquisition . 24Simplifying Fleet Management . 15Vehicle Acquisition Support. 177 Total Costs and Savings . 258 Cybersecurity Best Practices . 269 Conclusion and Recommendations . 28References . 30Appendix A: Telematics Providers in the Federal Fleet . 35Lytx DriveCam . 35WBC Fleet . 38AT&T . 40Verizon . 42viThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.
List of FiguresFigure 1. Telematics device (left, photo from CalAmp 2017) and Subaru Forester OBD-II port (right,photo by Cabell Hodge, NREL) . 1Figure 2. Percentage of OEM odometer readings supported (Geotab 2017a) . 4Figure 3. How Verizon’s NetworkFleet DTC system works (Verizon 2016) . 5Figure 4. Marine Corps survey fleet sizes. 6Figure 5. Proportion of non-tactical Marine Corps vehicles captured by survey . 6Figure 6. Respondent prioritization of telematics features (1 as the highest priority) . 7Figure 7. Respondent prioritization of telematics applications (1 as the highest priority) . 8Figure 8. Lytx driver and road views . 9Figure 9. DriveCam Online interface. 10Figure 10. Single pickup truck cost savings from telematics-based efficiency program (calculated in thePetroleum Reduction and Planning Tool, https://www.afdc.energy.gov/prep/#) . 14Figure 11. AFDC Route Planner . 18Figure 12. Geofence shapes (WBC Fleet 2017). 20Figure 13. Risk-management framework overview (NAVFAC 2017) . 27Figure A - 1. Lytx fleet tracking interface . 36Figure A - 2. DriveCam Online interface . 37Figure A - 3. Fuel daily extract interface . 37Figure A - 4. WBC Fleet mileage and average speed dashboards . 38Figure A - 5. CalAmp LMU-303x . 38Figure A - 6. Smart Witness GP-1 . 38Figure A - 7. WBC Fleet map view . 39Figure A - 8. WBC Fleet mobile application views . 40Figure A - 9. AT&T Webtech user interfaces (AT&T Fleet Management 2017) . 41Figure A - 10. Geotab GO7 device (Geotab 2017b) . 41Figure A - 11. Geotab Dashboard interface (Geotab 2017c) . 42Figure A - 12. Verizon NetworkFleet vehicle location map (Automotive Fleet 2015) . 44List of TablesTable 1. Distracted Driving Metrics and Applications . 10Table 2. Vehicle Collision Alerts and Applications. 11Table 3. Aggressive Driving Metrics and Applications . 12Table 4. Idling Metrics and Applications. 12Table 5. Fleet Efficiency Metrics and Applications. 13Table 6. Vehicle Utilization Metrics and Applications. 15Table 7. Maintenance Data and Applications . 15Table 8. AFV Suitability Data and Applications . 19Table 9. VAM Data and Applications . 23Table 10. Optimizing a Sample Fleet via Shuttling, Right-Sizing, and Pooling (Guerra et al. 2017) . 24Table 11. Cost Savings from Inventory-Optimization Example . 25Table 12. Potential Per-Vehicle Cost Savings from Telematics . 25Table 13. System Costs of AT&T Telematics on GSA Schedule (AT&T Fleet Management 2017) . 26viiThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.
1 IntroductionExecutive Order (EO) 13693 requires federal agencies to deploy vehicle telematics to betterutilize data and achieve fleet efficiency goals (White House 2015). As of March 2017, telematicssystems must be installed in all new passenger and light-duty federal vehicle acquisitions as wellas in medium-duty vehicles where appropriate. The EO also requires federal fleets to account fordata in a fleet management information system (FMIS), acquire electric vehicles, and plan forfueling infrastructure, all within the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions per mile.Telematics can simplify reporting of fleet data by automating feeds from the vehicle to an FMIS,and it can be used to plan for all types of vehicle acquisitions and to identify locations wherealternative fueling infrastructure will have the greatest impact. It can also be used as part of agreater fleet management program to improve vehicle efficiency on an individual and aggregatebasis. The efficiency improvements that target aggressive driving—such as excessive speeding,tight cornering, and harsh braking—also protect drivers, which is a key concern of the federalgovernment.The U.S. Marine Corps began implementing telematics approximately 10 years ago, and nearlythree quarters of its non-tactical fleet are now equipped with telematics. As other agenciesembark on their own telematics programs, they can look to the Marine Corps’ experience andleadership in addition to the lessons learned from surveys of its fleet managers and studies of itstelematics systems.This report is intended to help agencies that are deploying telematics systems and seeking tointegrate them into their fleet management process. It provides an overview of telematicscapabilities, lessons learned from the deployment of telematics in the Marine Corps fleet, andrecommendations for federal fleet managers to maximize value from telematics.2 Overview of Telematics SystemsBroadly speaking, vehicle telematics use locational data and data from other sensors to displayinformation about motor vehicle operation. Some data are based on global navigation satellitesystems such as the U.S. global positioning system (GPS), while other data come from videosystems, internal telematics sensors, and information from vehicle on-board diagnostic ports(OBD-I for pre-1996 vehicles or OBD-II for newer vehicles). Figure 1 shows a telematics device(left) and a vehicle OBD-II port where the device connects (right).Figure 1. Telematics device (left, photo from CalAmp 2017) and Subaru Forester OBD-II port (right,photo by Cabell Hodge, NREL)1This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.
Some telematics systems include a display within the vehicle, and all
telematics systems and seeking to integrate them into their fleet management process. It provides an overview of telematics capabilities, lessons learned from the deployment of telematics in the Marine Corps fleet, and recommendations for federal fleet managers to maximize value from telematics.
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The primary use of fleet telematics today Fleet telematics has come a long way from being just a vehicle GPS-tracking tool. In fact, one of the most common uses of telematics today is to reduce risk and improve safety. The ability to monitor how someone is driving has given fleet managers the chance to pinpoint specific problems and
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