FOR SAFER CHEM ICALS AND SUST AINABLE MATERIA LS The
BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals (Version 1.0) 55BizNGOFOR SAFER CHEMICALS AND SUSTAINABLE MATERIALSThe Guide to Safer ChemicalsImplementing the BizNGO Principles for Safer ChemicalsConclusionTSteps for Downstream Users:How to Succeed in Chemicals Managementhe Guide provides users witha series of benchmarks to saferchemicals, moving from Trailhead to Summit for each of theBizNGO Principles. With varying sectors and organizations taking differentpaths, The Guide aggregates theiractions into a composite of steps tosafer chemicals. The figure on page 56,From Trailhead to Summit, summarizesthe trajectory of actions downstreamusers are implementing to advancesafer chemicals. For each of the BizNGO Principles, The Guide articulatesa deeper level of knowledge, commitment, action, and public engagementas organizations move from Trailheadto Base Camp to High Camp, andultimately to Summit.In the previous sections we detailedactions from Trailhead to Summit foreach of the BizNGO Principles. In thissection we start from Trailhead for allthe BizNGO Principles, then move toBase Camp and High Camp for all thePrinciples, and then to key elementsof success at the Summit.Getting to Trailhead:Stepping Beyond ComplianceTrailhead is where downstream usersstart on the path beyond complianceto safer chemicals. As shown in thefigure, From Trailhead to Summit, thejourney starts with a few chemicals ofhigh concern in products or processes: Know: Action 1a.1Require suppliers to report somechemicals of high concern Disclose: Action 1b.1Disclose absence or presence ofsome chemicals of high concern Assess and Avoid: Action 2.1Implement a restricted substanceslist (RSL)examples of commonly known chemicals of concern that all downstreamusers can identify.Once chemicals of concern are identified, determining the scope of productsimpacted and how to prioritize actionsis next. For example, when health careorganizations targeted PVC and itsFinding chemicals of high concern in products isnot the challenge for downstream users. The challengeis determining which ones to target first.Chemicals of high concern are soprevalent in our global economy thatit is common for a product have achemical of high concern in it. Findingchemicals of high concern in productsis not the challenge for downstreamusers. The challenge is determiningwhich ones to target first.A company can move beyond regulatorycompliance and identify and targetchemicals of high concern through avariety of pathways. Environmentalorganizations, government agencies,institutional consumers, and othercompanies are all good sources foridentifying emerging and existingchemicals of high concern. For manyyears institutional and individual consumers have highlighted the problemswith polyvinyl chloride (PVC), phthalates, brominated flame retardants,Bisphenol A (BPA), formaldehyde, andperfluorinated compounds. These are allplasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP) for reduction they confronteda vast array of products. PVC andDEHP are found in everything frommedical devices to building productsto packaging and within each of thosecategories there can be thousands ofindividual product types with PVC/DEHP in them. Kaiser Permanente andDignity Health, for example, prioritizedneonatal intensive care units whereexposuring babies to DEHP was apriority concern.Organizationally, companies maystart with the Trailhead Action for Continuous Improvement of 3.1–Establishorganizational policy or guidelines.In some companies, however, it iseasier to work below the radar screenof upper management and take actionagainst a few chemicals of high concern, demonstrate success, then gainorganizational support for what was
56 BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals (Version 1.0)F r om Tr a i l h ea d to SummitTrailheadBase CampHigh CampSummitOverview ofThe Guide to Safer ChemicalsKnowDiscloseAssess & AvoidImproveSupportAll chemicalsin supply chains& feedstocksourcesAll chemicalsin supply chains& feedstocksourcesSpecify saferalternativesReportprogress toBizNGO Principlesusing The Guide(or equivalent)IntegrateBizNGO Principlesinto legislation& speak tomediaKnowDiscloseAssess & AvoidImproveSupportAll chemicalsin productsAll chemicalsin productsSelect &implement saferalternativesto chemicals ofhigh concernImplementsystems formanaging data &identifying saferalternativesCollaboratewith NGOs &integrate BizNGOPrinciples intoregulationsKnowDiscloseAssess & AvoidImproveSupportAll chemicalsof high concernin productsMost chemicalsin productsIdentifyall chemicals ofhigh concernEndorse BizNGOPrinciples forSafer ChemicalsIntegrateBizNGO Principlesinto voluntaryinitiativesKnowDiscloseAssess & AvoidImproveSupportSome chemicalsof high concernPresence/absence of somechemicals of highconcernCreate andimplement restrictedsubstances list(RSL)EstablishorganizationalpolicySpeak publicly onimplementation
BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals (Version 1.0) 57already achieved and approval for anorganizational chemicals policy. Inother companies, high level policiesare the first step in driving actionacross the organization.BizNGO Chemical Alternatives Assessment Protocol, and GreenScreen forSafer Chemicals, and/or can rely uponthird party certifications such asCradle to Cradle Certified.Taking these initial actions public istypically done through presentationsat conferences and meetings as outlined in Trailhead Action 4.1–Speakpublicly on implementation. Tellingstories of successes as well as of challenges and how they were overcomeor remain is critical to both advancingsafer alternatives as well as creatinga community of fellow practitioners.An example of a linked set of systems is:1. Know chemical ingredients inproducts. Examples include theHealth Product Declaration formand Seagate’s system for collectingand managing data in products.2. Identify chemicals of high concern.Examples include ChemSec’s SINList and GreenScreen Benchmark 1Chemicals (as determined usingthe List Translator).3. Employ a framework for evaluatingalternatives. Examples are HP’sIntegrated Alternatives AssessmentFramework and BizNGO’s ChemicalAlternatives Assessment Protocol.4. Assess hazards of alternatives.Examples are the GreenScreen forSafer Chemicals and Cradle toCradle Certified.Getting to Base Campand High Camp: CreatingSystems for ChangeReplicable and scalable systems areessential to moving beyond a handfulof chemicals of high concern. Systemsfor collecting and managing data,identifying chemicals of high concern,evaluating alternatives, and selectingsafer alternatives are needed to reachBase Camp and High Camp, including: Know: Actions 1a.2 and 1a.5Require suppliers to report allchemicals of high concern andall chemicals in products Disclose: Actions 1b.2 and 1b.3Disclose most to all chemicalsin products Assess and Avoid: Action 2.2Identify all chemicals of highconcern in products or processes Assess and Avoid: Action 2.3Evaluate alternatives to chemicalsof high concern Assess and Avoid: Action 2.4Select and implement saferalternativesWithout systems and procedures organizations cannot scale their work, cannot manage their supply chains, andcannot systematically implement theirprograms. These procedures can bedeveloped internally, they can referenceexternal methods and tools such as theto create the procedures and systemsnecessary for success. Champions areable to articulate the value of saferchemicals implementation, especiallyin financial terms. Business benefitsinclude: reduced reputation risk, increased sales and market share, differentiated products, improved quality,enhanced brand image, loyal employees,and increased customer satisfaction.Somewhat ironically, the best businesscase for taking action can be promptedby protesters camped in front of corporate headquarters or hanging fromcorporate buildings with slogans protesting the use of toxic chemicals inproducts. Such actions highlightingtoxic chemicals in the products andsupply chains of brands create pressure for action to alleviate brandvulnerability.The focus on external engagement inPrinciple #4 increases as organizationsmove from Trailhead to Base Campand High Camp. Here company staffThe business case must be made for committingorganizational resources to create the procedures andsystems necessary for success. Champions are ableto articulate the value of safer chemicals implementation,especially in financial terms.The questions purchasers at thefar end of the supply chain need to asksuppliers are, what are your systemsfor: knowing chemicals in products, identifying chemicals of highconcern, evaluating alternatives, and selecting safer alternatives.A short version of these questionswould be how do you score on theBizNGO benchmarks.The business case must be made forcommitting organizational resourcesgain some flexibility to express theirinternal leadership in transformingproducts and purchasing specificationsto a wider public. Champions in theseorganizations recognize that organizational success depends on a deepermovement to safer chemicals in supplychains, competitive companies, tradeassociations, and the broader publicas represented by governments andenvironmental advocacy organizations.Company champions engage variouspublic communities to promote a widescale and popular movement to saferchemicals. They do this, for example,by advocating for the Principles for
58 BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals (Version 1.0)Safer Chemicals in voluntary initiatives and government regulationswhile also directly collaborating withNGOs.Moving from Base Camp to High Camprequires organizational support to advance beyond chemicals in productsand up into supply chains and feedstocks. Procedures established in BaseCamp now need staffing to implement.Getting to the Summits:Setting the Compass toInherently Safer AlternativesTravelers to the Summits of The Guidehave set their sights on specifyinginherently safer chemicals, materials,and feedstocks across all of their products and supply chains. In lookingacross companies that are able toreach the summit for some principlesor come close to the summit sharethree common elements of success,namely they have the capacity, will,and systems in place to ensure longterm adoption and implementation.Capacity mattersEffectively managing chemicals inproducts and across supply chainsrequires technical capacity or staff.Organizations at or near the summithave: Deep knowledge and understandingof chemicals in products and supplychains, as well as the sources offeedstocks. Technical capacity and systemsfor managing data, evaluatingalternatives, and selecting andimplementing safer alternatives.Many downstream companies do notconsider chemicals management animportant component of their operations and indeed some can be characterized as “chemophobic” becausethey avoid the whole issue of managingchemicals in their products. Alternatively they may hope that externalorganizations such as third parties willsolve the problems of managing chemicals in products and supply chains forthem. However, while third parties andother external resources can be effective, they still require an in-housemanager to ensure that internal goalsand priorities are being met. Ultimatelythird parties do not absolve companiesof their responsibility for chemicalsin their products and in their supplychains.tions on the path to safer chemicalshave an internal mission to promotesafer chemicals and values consistentwith addressing chemicals of concernto human health or the environment.Non-profit health care organizationsand mission-driven for-profit companies (for example, Seventh Generationand Method) are among the leaders insafer chemical implementation. Theyallocate internal resources and engageAn effective chemicals management programrequires organizational motivation and drive to movebeyond legal compliance and maintain that trajectoryover time. This comes in many forms, includingorganizational mission, internal champions, andimplementation of a chemicals policy or guideline.An alternative route for leveragingtechnical resources and capacity isthrough the engagement of non-profitorganizations, trade associations, orconsultants. For example, many organizations in health care are effectivelyleveraging non-profit organizations—Practice Greenhealth, Health CareWithout Harm, and Healthy HospitalsInitiative—to support, help developand implement their safer chemicalprograms. Manufacturers of outdoorproducts are leveraging their tradeassociation, the Outdoor IndustryAssociation (OIA), to create a comprehensive chemical management framework. OIA is leading a multi-year,multi-stakeholder technical groupto create this framework.Will is essentialAn effective chemicals managementprogram requires organizational motivation and drive to move beyond legalcompliance and maintain that trajectoryover time. This comes in many forms,including: organizational mission,internal champions, and implementation of a chemicals policy or guideline.Some of the most successful organiza-externally to realize their company’score values.A company’s chemical managementpolicy and guideline will reveal theextent to which its senior managementexpresses their will to advance saferchemicals. Organizations at or nearthe Summit are implementing policiesthat support the BizNGO Principles,including commitments to transparencyand engaging in external policies andinitiatives. Such chemical managementpolicies and guidelines should be foundational, but our initial research revealsthat in reality senior management,including sustainability officers, investlittle if any time into the chemicalsmanagement of their products andsupply chains. This may be becausetraditionally chemical impacts wereconsidered to be important only onthe factory floor.A clear driver within many leadingorganizations is the presence of internal champions. Champions have apersonal passion for the issue andpossess technical or organizing skillsthat enable them to demonstrate the
BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals (Version 1.0) 59value of safer chemicals implementation. Internal champions gain organizational support for this work andshare many of the characteristicsof “tempered radicals:”[I]ndividuals who identify with andare committed to their organizationsand also to a cause, communityor ideology that is fundamentallydifferent from, and possibly at oddswith, the dominant culture of theirorganization. Their radicalism stimulates them to challenge the statusquo. Their temperedness reflectsthe way they have been toughenedby challenges, angered by whatthey see as injustices or ineffectiveness, and inclined to seek moderationin their interactions with memberscloser to the centre of organizationalvalues and orientations.1Organizations must internalize theoutcomes of a champion’s work toimplement safer chemicals otherwisethese impacts will be lost when thechampion leaves the organization.Systems are fundamentalSuccessful implementation over thelong term requires the developmentand implementation of systems.Systematic procedures are neededto collect and evaluate chemicals andtheir alternatives, validate data, selectand implement safer alternatives,and specify green chemistry solutions.These procedures can be internal,outsourced, or a combination of thetwo. Leaders in safer chemicals implementation develop procedures thatcan be implemented over the longterm and that are organizationally integrated as part of long term planning.Examples of organizations that areleaders in systems or proceduresfor safer chemicals include:1 Nike and their criteria for evaluating materials and advancinggreen chemistry specifications. Seagate and their systems for collecting, managing, and validatingchemical ingredient data. Hewlett-Packard and theirprocedures for conducting alternatives assessments that includeidentifying chemicals of highconcern, and evaluating andselecting safer alternatives.The outdoor industry and appareland footwear sectors, are taking a leadership role on a sector-wide basis indefining a comprehensive frameworkthat builds from earlier iterationsof The Guide.The Guide is a LivingResource: Tell Us of YourJourneySignificant insights we learned overthe course of writing The Guide are:1. Stepping beyond Trailheadrequires systems. Organizationsmoving beyond Trailhead have systems in place for managing data,identifying chemicals of high concern, communicating with suppliers,and evaluating and selectingalternatives.2. Having an agreed upon listof chemicals of high concernaccelerates the rapid screeningof chemicals. The ChemSec SINList and GreenScreen Benchmark 1chemicals are readily availablesolutions. And the GreenScreen ListTranslator is the quickest route torapidly identifying GreenScreenBenchmark 1 chemicals (althoughwe must note the conflict of interestof the authors, one of whom is aco-author of the GreenScreen).3. Leveraging the primacy ofhazard facilitates priority setting,communicating with suppliers,and selecting inherently saferalternatives. The BizNGO ChemicalAlternatives Assessment Protocoland the GreenScreen for SaferChemicals are both well-suited forsupporting hazard-based decisionmaking (although note again theconflict of interest of the authors).4. Raising the collective voice ofdownstream users is criticalfor growing the broader globalmovement to safer alternativesto chemicals of high concern tohuman health or the environment.Ultimately corporate leaders insafer chemicals will only succeedif their efforts are mainstreamedglobally. This will require the insertion of know, disclose, and assessand avoid hazards into public policies, industry standards, ecolabels,certifications, and voluntary sustainability initiatives.The Guide is a living resource andwill evolve over time as we learn moreabout the challenges and opportunities that organizations face in implementing these benchmarks. If youare a downstream user of chemicalsand want to join us on the journeyto safer chemicals, please contact usat TheGuide@bizngo.org. We lookforward to hearing your feedbackand experiences.D.E. Meyerson and M.A. Scully, 1995, “Tempered Radicalism and the Politics of Ambivalence and Change,” Organization Science, v.6n.5.
This is excerpted from The BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals,a hands-on guide that charts pathways to safer chemicals in productsand supply chains for brand name companies, product manufacturers,architects and designers, retailers, and health care organizations.To view and download the full report and other individual sections,go to www.BizNGO.org.BizNGO is a project of Clean Production Action.BizNGOFOR SAFER CHEMICALS AND SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS1310 Broadway, Somerville, MA 02144www.BizNGO.org info@BizNGO.org
BizNGO Guide to Safer Chemicals strong (Version /strong 1.0) 55 T he Guide provides users with a series of benchmarks to safer chemicals, moving from Trail-head to Summit for each of the BizNGO Principles. With varying sec-tors and organizations taking different paths, The Guide aggregates their actions into a composite of steps to safer chemicals.
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