SASSCAL WeatherNetto Support Regional Weather Monitoring .
SASSCAL WeatherNet to support regionalweather monitoring and climate‐relatedresearch in Southern AfricaJörg Helmschrot1, G. Muche2, T. Hillmann2, K. Josenhans2, J.Kanyanga3, M. Butale4, D. Nascimento5, S. Kruger6, B. Strohbach7, M.Seely8, T. Wassenaar8, C. Ribeiro9, W. de Clercq10, P. Kenabatho11,M.Schnegg12, F. Kasper13 & N. Jürgens21 SouthernAfrican Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL), Regionl Secretariat,Windhoek, Namibia, 2 Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Germany; 3 Zambia Meteorological Department, 4 Departmentof Meteorological Services, 5 Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica, 6 National Botanical Research Institute, 7 NamibiaUniversity For Science and Technology, 8 Gobabeb Research and Training Centre, 9 Instituto Superior Politécnico Tundavala 10University of Stellenbosch, 11 University of Botswana , 12 Institute for Ethnology, University of Hamburg, 13 Deutscher WetterdienstSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November - 2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Regional Science Service CentersGerman Government (2008):‐ Two Regional ScienceService Centers in Africa‐ WASCAL(www.wascal.org)‐ SASSCAL(www.sasscal.org)Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL StructureCoordinated at UHH, Scientific Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Norbert JürgensCoordinated through the Regional Secretariate, WindhoekActing Executive Director: Dr. Yonah SeletiHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL ThemesKolloquium, 28. April 2015Jörg Helmschrot, SASSCAL, Universität Hamburg
SASSCAL ProjectsKolloquium, 28. April 2015Jörg Helmschrot, SASSCAL, Universität Hamburg
SASSCAL Climate research1. Establishing of Meteorological Observation Infrastructure in AngolanSouthwest – Province of Namibe (ANG)2. Improving weather observational network across Botswana (BOT)3. Historical and ongoing Climate Data Management (BOT)4. The impacts of climate change on livelihoods and implications foradaptive strategies in the Kalahari ecosystem of western Botswana(BOT)5. Historical and ongoing Climate Data Management (GER)6. Development of a user friendly regional climate modeling system (GER)7. Regional climate change assessment and uncertainty analysis (GER)8. Improved weather observation network (NAM)9. Impact of predicted altered climate and reduced fog along the Namibcoast as a result of warming of the Benguela (NAM)10.Climate Change, Impacts and Adaptation (SA)11.Expand, modernize and improve weather observation network, improveforecasting in Zambia observation network (ZAM)Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Introduction GCMs predict notable changes in our climate/weatherconditions with impact at all scales Sparse and inadequate monitoring networks hardly providereliable data for developing efficient strategies for sustainable water and land resources management,drought and flood risk analyses and forecasts,and climate change impact assessments. Networks are usually driven by national requirements (funds). Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Changeand Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL; www.sasscal.org)contributes to the national monitoring networks in order toprovide a consistent and freely accessible data set at regional scaleHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Existing networksChallenges Sparse density Actuality Variability of systems(standards, guidelines) Responsibilities andcompetitions Technical infrastructure Data availability/access Maintenance/age Lack of funding for staff,extensions,maintenanceHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet ‐ GOALS Establishing a regional weather observation network Integration with national networks (coverage) and support ofnational weather authorities (technical, training) Built up on existing structures (BIOTA stations, national networks) Homogenization of information over the region (minimumparameter set, WMO standards ) Up‐to‐date technologies (equipment, web‐based real timeavailability, open access) Support for research activities within SASSCAL and beyond(service‐oriented) Support for stakeholders and various interest groups (e.g.‘weather information for breakfast’) consistent and freely accessible data at regional scaleHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
AWS History and Agreements Extensions of the existing BIOTA network of34 AWS stations in Namibia and South Africa Set‐up a close cooperation with the nationalweather authorities April 2013 – AWS Workshop, Windhoek UHH, NCs, PT/DLR, ZMD, BMS, INAMET, NWA,CTS, NBRI, UJES, NMS, WMO Agreement on time frame, technical design,WMO registration, staff training Various technologies and providers Extension by altogether 30 stations in2013/14 (Angola, Botswana, Zambia) and 80AWS in 2014/15 (in all SASSCAL countries) Additional rain/fog gauges in 2015Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet Components Installation, operation and maintenance of AWS Developing, implementing, hosting and maintaining aweb‐based data access facility (open access) Data storage, back up and provision Service support (Observation Network and others) Investment of more than 1 Mio. since 2012Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
WeatherNet Partners Scientific partners Weather authorities (ZMD, BMS, INAMET)Stellenbosch UniversityNational Botanical Research InsituteUniversity of BotswanaISPT TundavalaGobabeb Research and Training Center, Namibia Business partners (Providers) Central Technical Supply (CTS), Namibia (60 AWS)ADCON Telemetry GmbH, Austria (45 )INOVA, Angola (10)CIMEL, France (5)University of Basel, Switzerland (1)Mike Cotton MSC, South Africa (27) Local Partners National Parks, communities etc.Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
AWS installationsVariables RainfallAir temperatureRelative humiditiySolar radiationWind speed/directionSoil temperatureBarometric pressureOptional (e.g. soil moisture, leafwetness, fog .)Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
AWS installationsFog Measurement Juvik‐Cylinder, as identified byGOBABEB Accuracy (0,1 mm), sensitivity(stability) Double rain gauge approachHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
AWS installations (2013‐2015) Logistic challenges import rules/regulations identification of network service providers Challenges for installations/operation remote locations, local support, minesvarious providers dependencies on companies (e.g. timing)existing technical infrastructureSafety features (e.g. fencing requirements, local maintenance) Challenges for IT‐Team 3 different data transmission systems (altogether 7 varyingtransmissions systems (GPRS, Sat, internet) varying temporal resolutions needed to be implemented Implementation of new sensors (e.g. sunshine duration) Detection/fixing of malfunctionsHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Operational challenges Vandalism and theft Local partners Warning signs Fencing Technical problems Wind effects ând artefacts stabilization ofrain gauges Insect affection introduction of a metalmesh in rain gauges is effective Failing GPRS networks effective controland alert procdure Cooperation Law restrictions (Zambia) willigness, various interests Personal contacts, skills, trustHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Data transmisssion- Harmonization of 7 different systems (3x GPRS, 2x satellite, 1x internet, 4x manual)Example BotsuanaHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet CoverageCurrent Status Regional coverage 161 M/AWS in operation 131 online (2016) Additional M/AWS & raingauges on selected sites 3 experimental networks Rio Giraul (10 AWS ) Gobabeb (10 AWS) Notwane (5 AWS) Detailed assessments on flashflood generation, sedimentationand fogHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet near-real time data on www.sasscalweathernet.orgHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet station information sheet up to date rain and temperature rain summary, frost alert representation of hourly, daily,monthly data (numbers, graphs)Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet Statistics for selected variables visualization of various parameters SASSCAL Weather mail (daily)Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL WeatherNet ‐ OperationOperational control daily weather information mail remote battery control (alert) transmission control toolsPost-Processing data quality control and gapanalysis plausibility checks data filling data harmonization (timewise) data base storage and backupHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL Weathernet applicationsScientific applications (among others process research (erosion, sedimentation,biodiversity, local climate effects) climate modelling and forecast fog studies yield forecastOperational applications FEWSNET/CHG/USGS (WMO) Ministries (MAWF Nambia) weather forecast, flood warningPublic users radio channels, farmers, lodge ownersHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL OADC/KE Actually services are hosted at UHH Transfer to Open Access Data Center /Knowledge Exchange (Windhoek) in operation since 09/2014OADC functionsArchiving of data with SASSCAL CopyrightAccess to SASSCAL data and third party dataOperating the SASSCAL website with up-to-date informationAdvising and training of SASSCAL participants on IT mattersEstablishing and maintaining contacts with IT institutions, networks andindividuals outside SASSCALs (eg SADC, GBIF, WMO, FEWSNET)Quality assurance / preparation / harmonization of data SASSCALDevelopment and support of offline and online software toolsHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL Data management (DWD) Identification and evaluation of the resources at theNational Meteorological Services (NMSs) of Angola,Botswana and Zambia for climate data management Harmonization of the Climate Data Management System(CDMS) across these NMSs, taking their specific needsinto account Agreement on implementing CLIMSOFT as CDMS Cooperation between the NMSs and the GermanMeteorological Service to grant the proper operation ofCLIMSOFT in the long-term Active role in the further development of CLIMSOFTHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
SASSCAL Data rescue/archiving (DWD) Historical climate records available indifferent archives, partly starting in the1870s. Organizing and support of inventory,archiving and digitization Filling gaps of existing climate time series Assisting with homogenization of timeseries Combination of different datasets e.g.colonial stations in DWD’s archive withcurrent stations in the SASSCAL region.Helmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Conclusion 2016: 161 M/AWS on the ground, 131 AWS online(daily improvements) Region‐wide consistent seamless data since 2010(partially longer records) QC‐data freely available on SASSCAL WeatherNET Variety of tools available, e.g. statistics, dailyreport (and in planning) Activities to safeguard historic dataOutlook Further tools (e.g. SMS alert) Linkage to other existing networks SASSCAL 2.0 (further investments (2017‐2021) Topics: see SASCAL 2.0 Science PlanHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
ThanksNatotela pakumpela ichumfwilo chenu! Merci!Obrigado! Danke!Thank you very much for your attention and interest!SASSCAL Regional SecretariateActing Executive DirectorDr. Yonah Seleti (yonah.seleti@sassacal.org)SASSCAL National DirectorsAngola: Chipilica Barbosa (chipilica.barbosa@sasscal.org)Botswana: Casper Bonyongo (casper.bonyongomc@sasscal.org)Namibia: Peter Erb (Peter.Erb@sasscal.org)South Africa: Peter Shisani (peter.shisani@sasscal.org)Zambia: Indie Dinala (indie.dinala@sasscal.org)SASSCAL Scientific CoordinationProf. Dr. Norbert Jürgens (norbert.juergens@uni‐hamburg.de)University of HamburgFUNDED BYwww.sasscal.orgHelmschrot et al.: SASSCAL WeatherNetSouthern Africa Regional Climate Services Workshop29 November ‐2 December 2016, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
4.The impacts of climate change on livelihoods and implications for adaptive strategies in the Kalahari ecosystem of western Botswana (BOT) 5.Historical and ongoing Climate Data Management (GER) 6.Development of a user friendly regional climate modeling system (GER) 7.Regional climate change assessment and uncertainty analysis (GER)
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