4.1 PNT Arch Brief For APEC - GPS

National Position Navigationand Timing ArchitectureAPEC GNSS Innovation SummitKaren Van Dyke, DOT/RITA/Volpe CenterMay 26-28, 20081

Overview PNT Architecture Background Architecture Development Vision, Strategy, and Vectors Way Forward2

PNT Architecture Background Study requested by– Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and InformationIntegration– Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy– National Space-based PNT Executive Committee Justification - PNT Strategic Landscape is Changing– Gaps in current capabilities– Insufficient unity of effort towards future PNT capabilities Products– 20 year strategic outlook to guide near and mid-term decisions onPNT capabilities27-May-083

OriginsDSBDSBTaskTaskForceonForce pr-2006Apr-2006“Develop aComprehensiveNational PNTArchitecture”“JROC Approvesthe PNT JCD &Validates the FiveGaps Identified”“Conduct aComprehensive Analysisof GPS BackupNavigation & PrecisionTiming Options”“Determine theoptimal integratedsystem for meetingrequirements ofFederal users”NationalNationalPNTPNT StrategyStrategy“Validate GPS“Develop aNeededComprehensive PNT Needed Requirements vs.Architecture”“Develop aDoD TimingArchitecture”PNT Requirements”“Periodically EvaluateRadionavigationSystem Contributionsto the Overall p-2001Sep-2001Nat’l ApproachNat’lApproachtoAug.to kForceTask ForceJan-2004Jan-20044

23Jan200623-Jan-2006“NSSO develop aNational tectureTORTOR11Jul-200611-Jul-2006“RITA will leadeffort on behalf ofDOT for the �NPCO willinitiate an effortwith &ServicesServicesNRLSMCNSSO5

National PNT Architecture rySpaceLocation IndividualScientificMachine municationsand rcialOnboard /User EquipInternationalNetworksBroad Scope Requires Innovative Approaches and Focused Analysis Efforts6

“As-Is” PNT Architecture Graphic S, NDBTimeTransferTimeTransferVOR/DME,TACANEMICell PhoneNetworksASIGBAS rNDGPSMDGPSCORSCompassNEWSClocksUser Interface sReference Frames CryptographyScience & TechnologyNISTNGAStandardsUSNONGSNSAStar CatalogsLaunchIndustrialBaseENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTUREMapping/Charting/Geodesy Laser Ranging NetworkPolicies TestingElectro Optical Info.ModelingVersion 21 Aug 20077

Primary PNT Gaps Gaps primarily drawn from military’s PNT Joint CapabilitiesDocument, with additions and modifications from parallelcivil community documents and discussions– Physically Impeded Environments– Electromagnetically Impeded Environments– Higher accuracy with integrity– Hazardously Misleading Info (Integrity)– High Altitude/Space Position and Orientation– Geospatial information - access to improved GIS data(regarding intended path of travel)– Insufficient modeling capability8

Primary Objective of the ArchitectureCapability“ provide more“ r-TermNear && MidMid-TermDecisionsDecisions GuidedGuidedbyby dBaseline(EBL)System Emphasis5 YearsShould-BeArchitectureBasedBased ononLong-TermLong-TermVisionVision10 eArchitectureStrategyStrategy15 YearsArchitectureEmphasis20 Years9

PNT User Perspectives (2025)Framework to describe user needs & environments, and which users are affected byeach capability gapVersion 18 Jul 200710

Cumulative ProcessConcept DevelopmentData GatheringNeeds &GapsTrade Space,Features & ArchitecturesAnalysis & AssessmentCommunity InvolvementEnvironment, Technology& Evolved BaselineArchitecture Development Team,Subject Matter Experts,Small Working Groups& IndustryAnalytical Framework11

Related Efforts & National velopmentOfficeOffice NextGenerationAirTransportationNext Generation Air TransportationSystemSystemSatNavBackupStudySatNav Backup StudyRANDRAND EnsuringEnsuringEffectiveEffectivePNTPNTNational PNT ArchitectureNSSONSSO NSSProgramNSS ProgramAssessmentAssessment NSSPlanNSS PlanDHS/USCGDHS/USCG TimingStudyCriticalityStudyTimingCriticality DOTDOTandandFAAFAA AviationNavigationEvolutionAviation Navigation EvolutionRoadmapRoadmap GPSEvolutionaryArchitectureGPS Evolutionary pace-BasedPNTPNTCoordinationOfficeCoordination Office 5-Year5-YearPlanPlan&&AssessmentAssessmentDODDOD DODDODPNTPNTS&TS&TRoadmapupdateRoadmap updateUSSTRATCOMUSSTRATCOMJoint PNTDocumentCapabilitiesDocumentPNT JointCapabilitiesSolutionsFunctional PNTAnalysisPNT Functional SolutionsAnalysisRecent & Upcoming Decisions– Future of eLORAN– Future of NDGPS and High Accuracy NDGPS– Backup SATNAV Tasking– Backup PNT Needs (ADS-B, NGATS, Timing Infrastructure)– GPS III and OCX Acquisition StrategiesMAINTAIN SHARED SITUATIONAL AWARENESS12

Guiding changeableSolutionsSolutionsSUPPORTING VECTORSynergy of PNT with CommunicationsSUPPORTING VECTORCooperative Organizational Structures13

National PNT Architecture NT National PNT Architecture based on policy foundation set by 2004Presidential Policy Directive on Space-Based PNT Efficiently (cost, schedule, acceptable risks, user impact) develop andfield the best technologies and systems Promulgate stable policies (commitment to funding, commitment toperformance, advanced notice of change, etc) Foster innovation through competition within the commercial sector Ensure robust and enduring inter-agency coordination and cooperation Maximize the practical use of military, civil, commercial and foreignsystems and technologies Judiciously develop and apply standards and best practices14

National PNT Architecture rDenominatorApproachApproach Satisfy common needs with common solutions Promulgate a predominantly “dependent” architecture where users relyupon external sources Leverage ongoing US GNSS modernization to assure global service andsupport national interests Promote adoption of low-burden “autonomous” features for robustness Specialized needs still require specialized solutions Balance provided or enabled capabilities with the need for a military PNTadvantage15

“Should-Be” PNT Architecture Graphic litesForeignGNSSCelestialSpace Comm &Nav ArchGPSForeignRegional NavSATCOMEMIWirelessNetworksTrackingAiding Data &RangingSignalsInterchangeableSolutionsSynergy of PNT andStarMultipleCommunications TrackersPhenomenologiesGround Based Radio FreqCommercialAugmentationsGeospatial DataPseudolites &BeaconsEMICell PhoneNetworksEvolvedGNSS AugmentationAutonomousClocksNetworksPNT UserEquipmentPNT signal monitoringCleared for public release,distribution unlimited; SAF/PAcase 2007-0613, 20 Sep 07Pseudolites &BeaconsUser Interface OrgsCooperativeOrganizational StructuresSensors & SensorAidingWInertialNSEBeaconsReference Frames CryptographyScience & TechnologyNISTNGAStandardsUSNONGSNSAStar CatalogsLaunchIndustrialBaseENABLERS & INFRASTRUCTUREMapping/Charting/Geodesy Laser Ranging NetworkPolicies TestingElectro Optical Info.ModelingVersion 22 Oct 200716

Next Steps NSSO, RITA & NII oversee development of detailedtransition and implementation planning Hold Workshop to Obtain Industry Feedback onRecommendations When Publicly Released Architecture Implementation Memorandum– Approved event-based implementation timeline Influence update to PNT planning documents– Federal Radionavigation Plan– Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan17

BACKUPS18

Purpose of NSSO Architectures Enterprise Level Guidance– High Level Capabilities– Fundamental Processes– Organizations– Infrastructure Similar to City Planning– Considerations for how people, buildings,transportation, utilities work together– Effect of External Factors (e.g., weather,state jurisdiction, etc.)– Objective is not to design all the buildings– May conduct detailed design of someelements, primarily to gain understandingof higher level issues19

Functional Reference TOInformationInformationPTO: Position, Time and/or Orientation(including the time minePTOPTOStateState20

Concept DevelopmentPNT Architecture Trade Space Source Location (of the service provider)– Terrestrial: concept provides service from,near, or beneath the surface of the earth– Space: concept provides service from spaceSpace Service Volume (of the service provided)– Local: concept provides a meaningfulservice only at a fixed point– Interplanetary: concept provides ameaningful service throughout the solarsystemDependentInterplanetary Autonomy (of the user)– Dependent: concept requires frequentrefresh of information from external sourcesto provide a meaningful service– Autonomous: concept, once initialized, isself-contained and requires no refresh ofinformation from external sources to providea meaningful serviceLocalAutonomousTerrestrial21

PNT Representative Architectures (RA)0: Evolved Baseline2A Space1: Dependent Terrestrial2A: Combined GNSSConstellations4: Network Aiding of GNSSDependentInterplanetaryLocal56Autonomous5: Aided AutonomousSensors and Aiding Sources14Terrestrial6: Highly AutonomousService VolumeAutonomy Source LocationRA0 EBL (Point of Departure)RAs ARE NOT FINAL SOLUTIONS – THEY ARE USED TO GAININSIGHTS TOWARDS FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS22

From Representative Architectures to RecommendationsPreliminary Analysis(Feb - Mar 07)RepresentativeArchitecturesCost andPerformance Analysis(Apr - Jul 07)HybridArchitecturesShould Be Architecture- Recommendations- Guidance- Decision Criteria23

Three Themes (Hybrid Architectures)Hybrid A Common solutionsfor many users Horizontal integration Greatest commondenominator Emphasis on globaland long rangebroadcasts direct tousersHybrid B Common solutionsfor many usersHybrid C Specialized solutionsfor each user group Horizontal integration Vertical integration Greatest commondenominator Least commondenominator Emphasis onnetworks Emphasis onautonomous solutions24

Job Aid -- Draft PNT Architecture FeaturesColor Legend:These features should be hybrid GroundBasedPNTGroundNetwork ntAutonomousImplementation UndefinedThese features/systems can contribute to covering primary PNT gaps; those whichhelp the most, or which help to cover multiple gaps, should be included in hybrids:MorePowerReducedAge consStarsVersion 18 Jul 0725

Job Aid – PNT ArchitectureFeatures vs. GapsCornerstone Features:Primary GapsEBLGISEnablers DataUS GroundBasedGNSSINS ClockPNTStars AccuracyIntegrity NetworksAugmentAugmentSelected features that can contribute to covering gapsLF/ELF Network CellPNT Aiding NetworkINS ELF NetworkPNT AidingINS ClockMultiSensorIntegrationLF/ELF Network CellPNT Aiding NetworkINS Here” MultiLatBeaconsBeaconsINS ClockMultiSensorIntegration“Here” MultiLatBeaconsBeaconsLF/ELFPNTINS eEnablers Diversity PowerLF/ELF Network CellPNT Aiding NetworkINS ” MultiLatBeaconsBeaconsEM Impeded–IntentionalEBLSignalMoreEnablers Diversity PowerLF/ELF Network CellPNT Aiding NetworkINS ” MultiLatBeaconsBeaconsHigher Accuracy with IntegrityCommHigher LF/ELF NetworkPNT AidingFreqINS ClockMultiSensorIntegrationNetworkAidingINS ClockPhys. Impeded–UrbanCanyonGISEBLEnablers DataPhys. Impeded–CanopyEBLEnablersPhys. Impeded–IndoorsEBLEnablersPhys. Impeded–UndergroundEBLEnablersPhys. Impeded–UnderwaterEBLGISEnablers DataEM Impeded–UnintentionalReducedSignal Age of RedunDiversity Data dancyReducedHi-Altitude Pos. & OrientationVersion 18 Jul 07MorePowerSignal Age of Redun- MoreDiversity Data dancy SatellitesHazardously Misleading InfoAccess to Geospatial orIntegrationTopoSensors“Here” MultiLatBeaconsBeacons“Here” LatBeaconsNetwork CellAiding Network26

Foundations "NSSO develop a National PNT Architecture" "NPCO will initiate an effort with NSSO" "RITA will lead effort on behalf of DOT for the civil community" ASD/NII Memo 23-Jan-2006 ASD/NII Memo 23-Jan-2006 NPEC Action Items 26-Jan-2006 NPEC Action Items 26-Jan-2006 DOT/RITA Memo 14-Mar-2006 DOT/RITA Memo 14-Mar-2006 PNT .