TRINIDAD & TOBAGO - Convention On Biological Diversity
TRINIDAD & TOBAGOThird national reportCONT ENT SA. REPORTING PARTY . 2Information on the preparation of the report. 3B. PRIORITY SETTING, TARGETS AND OBSTACLES. 4Priority Setting. 6Challenges and Obstacles to Implementation. 72010 Target. 10Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). 36Ecosystem Approach . 49C. ARTICLES OF THE CONVENTION. 50Article 5 – Cooperation. 50Article 6 - General measures for conservation and sustainable use. 52Biodiversity and Climate Change. 54Article 7 - Identification and monitoring. 55Decisions on Taxonomy . 58Article 8 - In-situ conservation [Excluding paragraphs (a) to (e), (h) and (j)]. 61Programme of Work on Protected Areas (Article 8 (a) to (e)) . 65Article 8(h) - Alien species. 68Article 8(j) - Traditional knowledge and related provisions . 72GURTS . 72Status and Trends . 72Akwé:Kon Guidelines. 72Capacity Building and Participation of Indigenous and Local Communities . 73Support to implementation. 74Article 9 - Ex-situ conservation. 75Article 10 - Sustainable use of components of biological diversity. 77Biodiversity and Tourism. 79Article 11 - Incentive measures . 81Article 12 - Research and training. 83Article 13 - Public education and awareness. 85Article 14 - Impact assessment and minimizing adverse impacts. 89Article 15 - Access to genetic resources . 92Article 16 - Access to and transfer of technology. 94Programme of Work on transfer of technology and technology cooperation . 95Article 17 - Exchange of information. 98Article 18 - Technical and scientific cooperation . 99Article 19 - Handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits . 101Article 20 – Financial resources . 102D. THEMATIC AREAS . 107Inland water ecosystems. 109Marine and coastal biological diversity . 111General. 111Implementation of Integrated Marine and Coastal Area Management . 112Marine and Coastal Living Resources . 113Mariculture . 114Alien Species and Genotypes . 115Agricultural biological diversity . 116Annex to decision V/5 - Programme of work on agricultural biodiversity. 117Forest Biological Diversity. 120General. 120Expanded programme of work on forest biological diversity . 121Biological diversity of dry and sub-humid lands. 127Mountain Biodiversity. 129E. OPERATIONS OF THE CONVENTION. 131F. COMMENTS ON THE FORMAT. 1331
A. R EPORT ING PAR T YContracting PartyTrinidad and TobagoNAT IO NAL FO CAL PO INTFull name of the institutionMinistry of Public Utilities and the EnvironmentName andofficerMr. Earl Nesbitt, Permanent Secretary.titleofcontactMailing address16-18 Sackville St., Port of Spain, TrinidadTelephone(868) 625 - 6003Fax(868) 625 - 7003E-mailCO NTACT O FFICER FO R NATIO NAL REPO RT ( IF DIFFER ENT FRO M ABO VE)Full name of the institutionEnvironmental Management AuthorityName andofficerRobyn CrosstitleofcontactMailing address#8 Elizabeth Street, St. Clair, Port of SpainTelephone(868) 628 - 8042Fax(868) 628 - 9122E-mailSUBMISSIO NSignature of officer responsiblefor submitting national reportDate of submission2
Infor ma tion on t he prepara tio n of the re portBox I.Please provide information on the preparation of this report, including information on stakeholdersinvolved and material used as a basis for the report.This report was prepared through consultation with key stakeholders in biodiversitymanagement. Information was also obtained from documents and reports on programmesand strategies related to biodiversity management.The stakeholders consulted for the report are as follows: Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources (MALMR)- Cynthra Persad, Dr.Vishnu Mooledhar Ministry of Public Utilities and the Environment – Dr. Dave Persaud Environmental Management Authority- Robyn Cross Forestry Division- Anthony Ramnarine, Seepersad RamnarineNational Reforestation and Watershed Rehabilitation Programme (NRWRP)- Dr. PascalOsujiUniversity of the West Indies (UWI)- Dr. Mike Oatham, Dr. P. Umaharan, YasminComeau Environment Tobago- Pat TurpinThe documents, reports and other materials used for the report are as follows: EMA’s Strategic Plan for 2003-2008 EMA’s Environmentally Sensitive Areas, Species and Biodiversity Workplan for 20042007 National Environmental Policy National Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanMALMR Draft Proposal- Developing the Capability and Capacity of the MALMR for theimplementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) in Trinidad andTobago. Forestry Division Incentive Programme NRWRP Strategic Plan 2004-2009NRWRP Operational Plan 2004-2007 Pamphlet on Matura ESA participatory biological baseline surveyEducational brochures and pamphlets from the EMA3
B. PR IOR IT Y SETT ING, T AR GET S AND OB ST ACLESBox II.Please provide an overview of the status and trends of various components of biological diversity inyour country based on the information and data available.Trinidad and Tobago are the two main islands of an archipelagic state situated at the southern end of the chain of Caribbean islands known as the Windward Islands. Trinidad lies 32 kmfrom Tobago at its closest point, however, Trinidad lies approximately 13km away from theVenezuelan mainland. Trinidad and Tobago is located between latitudes 100 and 110, 30minutes north and lying between 600and 620 west longitude. The two islands have a combined land area of 5126 km2. Being an island state Trinidad and Tobago has an ExclusiveEconomic Zone (EEZ) comprising roughly 75,000 km2, approximately 15 times the land area.Typically the climate is that of the tropics, with an annual rainfall range of 1200 to 3500 mmand a mean temperature range of 22- 31 0C. The climate is characterized by distinct wet anddry seasons. Marine conditions are heavily influenced by rainfall, nutrient and large freshwater volume output from the Orinoco River. Both islands lie on the South American ContinentalShelf and are directly influenced by the Orinoco and the South Equatorial Current. Separationfrom the continental mainland occurred in recent geological times, about 11000 years for Tobago and 1500 years for Trinidad. The biota and terrestrial habitats of Trinidad reflect theecology of equatorial South America unlike the other Windward islands which have ecosystems dominated by island endemic species.The range of terrestrial ecosystems include evergreen seasonal, semi-evergreen seasonal,deciduous seasonal, littoral woodlands, lower montane rainforests, seasonal montane forests, montane rainforests, elfin woodlands, swamp forests (including mangrove woodlands),palm swamps, marshes and savannahs These support rich species diversity. Of 2160 speciesof flowering plants, 110 are endemic, including many palms. There are approximately 420species of birds, 100 mammals, 55 snakes, 25 amphibians and 85 reptiles.Marine systems include the water masses; mud bottoms; coral reefs and communities; sandybottoms; rocky shores and mud flats. These support a range of macro and microbiota in thebenthos and water column. An estimated 36 species of reef building corals are found mainlyin the reefs of Tobago.The biodiversity of T&T is special because of our comparative size, the number of speciesrelative to our size, and the variety of ecosystems within our small landmass. In Trinidadthere are a number of features associated with the various forests throughout the island.Mangroves and wetlands are a habitat for waterfowl species like the Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimusruber). A few communities on the northern and eastern coasts of Trinidad have the extremelyunique feature of being nesting sites for marine turtles, particularly the leather back species.In the insular Caribbean, Trinidad is the nesting area most frequented by the species.The principal threats to biodiversity in T&T are as follows: activities related to population growth mismanaged planned development unplanned developmentsquatting deforestationforest fires domestic and industrial pollutionover harvesting of commercially important species, illegal hunting habitat fragmentationTrinidad and Tobago signed the CBD in 1992 and ratified it in August 1996. Further to this, inaccordance with Article 6 of the Convention, the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action4
Plan (NBSAP) was developed. The primary objective of the NBSAP was “to assist theGovernment of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GoRTT) in formulating a plan that wouldidentify priority actions for the conservation and wise use of the country’s biodiversity, withinthe context of its socioeconomic development”. The NBSAP was completed in 2001. TheNBSAP report stated that ‘the priority issues identified for T&T’s biodiversity, did notslavishly follow the articles of the Convention, but suggested the direction that the countryshould proceed to manage these resources at this particular point in its development”. Thiswas indeed found to be the case when preparing the Third National Report. While there areongoing programmes and research related to biodiversity management and conservation,they do not necessarily fall within the guidelines and targets set out in the Convention. Manyof the priority actions identified in the NBSAP continue to remain relevant today as theyrelate to education and awareness, policy, legislation and enforcement, research andcapacity.Some of the obstacles to biodiversity management and implementation of the Conventionwere identified as follows: Education and awarenessCapacity constraints Lack of information and research Sharing of information between agenciesLegal constraints- associated with passing of laws and enforcement Ad hoc policy environmentLack of organization Lack of fundingAttitudes to biodiversity management Inadequate personnel to conduct research5
Pr io rity Sett in g1 . Please indicate, by marking an "X" in the appropriate column below, the level of priority yourcountry accords to the implementation of various articles, provisions and relevant programmes of thework of the Convention.Article/Provisi on/Pr ogra mme of W orkLevel of PriorityHigha) Article 5 – CooperationMediu mXb)Article 6 - General measures for conservation and sustainableuseXc)Article 7 - Identification and monitoringXd) Article 8 – In-situ conservatione) Article 8(h) - Alien speciesf)LowXXArticle 8(j) - Traditional knowledge and related provisionsXg) Article 9 – Ex-situ conservationXh) Article 10 – Sustainable use of components of biological diversityXi)Article 11 - Incentive measuresXj)Article 12 - Research and trainingXk) Article 13 - Public education and awarenessXl)XArticle 14 - Impact assessment and minimizing adverse impactsm) Article 15 - Access to genetic resourcesn) Article 16 - Access to and transfer of technologyXXo) Article 17 - Exchange of informationp) Article 18 – Scientific and technical cooperationXXq)Article 19 - Handling of biotechnology and distribution of itsbenefitsXr)Article 20 - Financial resourcesXs) Article 21 - Financial mechanismXt)XAgricultural biodiversity6
u) Forest biodiversityXv) Inland water biodiversityXw) Marine and coastal biodiversityXx) Dryland and subhumid land biodiversityNAy) Mountain biodiversityXC halle nges a nd Obstacles to Imp lementat io n2. Please use the scale indicated below to reflect the level of challenges faced by your country inimplementing the provisions of the Articles of the Convention (5, 6,7, 8, 8h, 8j, 9, 10, 11,12, 13, 14,15,16, 17, 18, 19 and 20)3 High Challenge1 Low Challenge2 Medium Challenge0 Challenge has been successfully overcomeN/A Not 617181920a) La ck ofpolitica l willa nd support213313233100111113b) Limitedpublicpa rticipa tiona ndstak e holde rinvolveme nt312233223310332312c) La ck ofma instre aminga ndinte gra tion ofbiodive rsityissue s intoother se ctors333333333321222233d) La ck ofprecautiona rya nd proactivemea sure s313323333221332233e ) I nadequa teca pa city toa ct, ca use d byinstitutiona lwe ak ness213323222211332233112222212111111222f) La ck oftra nsfer ofte chnologya nd ex pe rtise7
g) Loss oftra ditionalk nowledge323332131311211111h) La ck ofa de qua tescie ntificresea rchca pa citie s tosupport a ll theobje ctiv es112222233111222222i) La ck ofa ccessiblek nowledge a ndinforma tion111112111201111122j) La ck ofpublice duca tion a nda ware ness a ta ll le ve ls202223112111221111k ) Ex istingscie ntific andtra ditionalk nowledge notfully utilize d323333333231222233l) Loss ofbiodive rsitya nd thecorrespondinggoods a ndserv ices itprov ides notproperlyunderstooda nddocume nte d323333333121111233m) La ck offina ncia l,huma n,te chnicalresource s212222223211222222n) La ck ofe conomicincentivemea sure s333333333321333333o) La ck ofbe ne fit-sharing333333333311332233p) La ck ofsy ne rgie s a tna tiona l a ndinte rna tiona lle ve ls222212223121222222q) La ck ofhorizonta lcoopera tiona mongstak e holde rs212222222222222222r) La ck ofe ffe ctiv epa rtnerships222222222222222222s) La ck ofe nga ge me nt of1112231221101222138
scie ntificcommunityt) La ck ofa ppropria tepolicies andla ws233223233110331223u) P ov erty111111111111111111v ) P opula tionpressure111111111111111111w) Unsusta inableconsumptiona nd productionpa tterns222222222111111111x ) La ck ofca pa citie s forloca lcommunities122322211122221222y ) La ck ofk nowledge a ndpractice ofe cosy ste mba se da pproa ches toma na gement222222222121221122z) Wea k lawe nforcementca pa city332331121103332131a a ) Na tura ldisasters a nde nv ironme nta lchange111111111111111111bb) O thers(plea sespecify )9
201 0 Ta rgetThe Conference of the Parties, in decision VII/30, annex II, decided to establish aprovisional framework for goals and targets in order to clarify the 2010 global targetadopted by decision VI/26, help assess the progress towards the target, and promotecoherence among the programmes of work of the Convention. Parties and Governmentsare invited to develop their own targets with this flexible framework. Please providerelevant information by responding to the questions and requests contained in thefollowing tables.Box III.Goal 1Promote the conservation of theecosystems, habitats and biomes.biologicaldiversityofTarget 1.1At least ten percent of each of the world’s ecological regionseffectively conservedI) National target: Has a national target been established corresponding to the global targetabove?a) Nob) Yes, the same as the global targetc)Yes, one or more specific national targets have been establishedXPlease provide details below.National targets have been developed for programmes of work related to agriculture and forests. Inestablishing the agricultural programme the 2010 global target was taken into consideration. TheEMA has also established targets for the number of areas to be declared but not as an areapercentage.II) National targets for specific programmes of work: If such national target(s) ha(s)(ve) beenestablished, please indicate here, and give further details in the box(es).Programme of workYesNoDetailsThe Ministry of Agriculture, Land and MarineResources (MALMR) is developing a programmeof work for conservation of crop biodiversity. Adraft document titled “Developing the n of the Global Strategy for PlantConservation (GSPC) in Trinidad and Tobago” hasbeen prepared. This document highlights specifictargets to be achieved with respect toconservation of crop biodiversity as follows:a) AgriculturalX 60% of world’s threatenedspecies conserved in situ. 60% of threatened plant speciesin accessible ex situ collections,preferably in the country oforigin, and 10% of themincluded in recovery andrestoration programmes.70% of the genetic diversity ofcrops and other socioeconomically valuable plantspecies conserved, and 10
b) Inland itation Programme (NRWRP) - This projectincludes the replanting of 11,000 acres of forestinwatershedstoallowforwatersheddevelopment and the recharging of aquifers.XMarine and coastalXd) Dry and subhumid landXe) Forestf)Mountainassociated indigenous knowledgemaintained.30% of plant-based productsderived from sources that aresustainably litation Programme (NRWRP) is a project ofthe Ministry of Public Utilities and the Environment.The NRWRP is a 10 year programme which wasstarted in January 2004. It aims to replant 33,030acres of forest over the 10 year period.XXIII) Has the global or national target been incorporated into relevant plans, programmes andstrategies?a) Nob) Yes, into national biodiversity strategy and action planc)Yes, into sectoral strategies, plans and programmesXPlease provide details below.National Reforestation and Watershed Rehabilitation ProgrammeThe National Reforestation and Watershed Rehabilitation Programme is funded annually throughprovisions made in the country’s annual budget. This therefore allows for continuity in the 10 yearprogramme and is a demonstration of how biodiversity conservation is being incorporated into thecountry’s economic planning.Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources programme of workIt is expected that the targets described in II (a) would be incorporated in the Ministry ofAgriculture, Land and Marine Resources Strategic Plan for the period 2005-2010.IV) Please provide information on current status and trends in relation to this target.Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine ResourcesThe Minis try of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources Strategic Plan aims to establish strategicpriorities for the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, set clear goals, objectives andstrategies to guide its future activities. The Plan recognises the need for conservation of resources(namely water, fisheries and plants) and makes recommendations for addressing this need throughstructural readjustment of the MALMR. This restructuring process has been initiated.National Reforestation and Watershed Rehabilitation Programme11
A Strategic Plan has been developed for the first 5 years of the Programme i.e for the period 20042009. The Strategic Plan is accompanied by an Operational Plan which guides the implementationof the strategies over the first 3 years of the planning period (2004-2007). The Programme hasidentified 72 sites throughout Trinidad and Tobago for reforestation and watershed rehabilitation.The progress of the Programme as at September 2004 was as follows: 29 worksites established 11,653 acres of forest now protected80,000 seedlings planted 69.2 km of fire trace have been established and maintained51 worksites now establishedThe number of worksites established to date has increased to 51.V)Please provide information on indicators used in relation to this target.N/AVI) Please provide information on challenges in implementation of this target.National Reforestation and Watershed Rehabilitation Programme Community conflicts- This programme utilizes a community based approach. Conflictsamong individuals in the community who may want to position themselves as programmeleaders can hinder progress Squatting- The presence of squatters who resist regularization for new settlers who havebeen designated to service the programme Inaccessibility to critical areas Politicisation of the programme - a change in the political regime can lead to terminationForest fires Sabotage- this refers to illegal activities in the forest, which include the cultivation of illegaldrugs and the presence of trap guns. Provision of adequate security for personnel on theprogramme is therefore a challenge.VII) Please provide any other relevant information.N/ABox IV.Target 1.2Areas of particular importance to biodiversity protectedNational target: Has a natio nal target been established corresponding to the global target above?a) Nob) Yes, the same as the global targetc)Yes, one or more specific national targets have been establishedXPlease provide details below.The Environmental Management Authority has developed an Environmentally Sensitive Areas,Species and Biodiversity Work Plan. This plan outlines a work programme for the period 2004-2007.12
One of the strategic objectives of the plan is to declare 8 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) anddevelop and implement management plans for these 8 ESAs.National targets for specific programmes of work: If such national target(s) ha(s)(ve) beenestablished, please indicate here, and give further details in the box(es).Programme of workYesa) AgriculturalNoDetailsXb) Inland waterXNariva Swamp ESA, Caroni Swamp NPc)XBuccoo Marine Park ESAMarine and coastald) Dry and subhumid lande) Forestf)MountainXXMatura national Park ESA, Main Ridge ESA.XHas the global or national target been incorporated into relevant plans, programmes andstrategies?a) Nob) Yes, into national biodiversity strategy and action planc)Yes, into sectoral strategies, plans and programmesXPlease provide details below.The Environmentally Sensitive Areas, Species and Biodiversity Work Plan has been incorporated intothe Environmental Management Authority’s Strategic Plan for 2003-2008. This Strategic Plansets out goals for the next five years and describes what the organization intends to do toachieve a cleaner, healthier environment. “Healthy ecosystems” is one of the five strategicpriorities identified in the Plan. Protection of areas important to biodiversity falls under thispriority.Please provide information on current status and trends in relation to this target.According to the Environmentally Sensitive Areas, Species and Biodiversity Work Plan four areaswere to be designated Environmentally Sensitive Areas in 2004. This has been partly achievedwith the designation of Matura and the proposed designation of Aripo Savannas, Buccoo Reefand Nariva Swamp as Environmentally Sensitive Areas. It is expected that 2 moreEnvironmentally Sensitive Areas will be declared. These are the Main Ridge Reserve and theCaroni Swamp. It should be noted that both the Buccoo Reef and Caroni Swamp have recentlybeen designated as Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar sites). In 2007 a further 2Environmentally Sensitive Areas will be declared.The management plans for Matura and Buccoo Reef was the focus for 2004-2005. At present theEnvironmental Management Authority is working with the University of the West Indies (UWI) forthe development of participatory research project on the area of Matura with the communities.Please provide information on indicators used in relation to this target.N/A13
Please provide information on challenges in implementation of this target.N/APlease provide any other relevant information.N/ABox V.Goal 2Promote the conservation of species diversityTarget 2.1Restore, maintain, or reduce the decline of populations of species ofselected taxonomic groupsI) National target: Has a national target been established corresponding to the global target above?a) Nob) Yes, the same as the global targetc)Yes, one or more specific national targets have been establishedXPlease provide details below.The Environmental Management Authority’s Environmentally Sensitive Areas, Species andBiodiversity Work Plan also has as one of its strategic objectives, the designation of 10Environmentally Sensitive Species (ESS). Another objective is the development and implementationof management plans for these 10 Environmentally Sensitive Species.II) National targets for specific programmes of work: If such national target(s) ha(s)(ve) beenestablished, please indicate here, and give further details in the box(es).Programme of workYesNoa) AgriculturalXb) Inland waterXc)Marine and coastalXd) Dry and subhumid landXe) ForestXf)XMountainDetailsIII) Has the global or national target been incorporated into relevant plans, programmes andstrategies?a) Nob) Yes, into national biodiversity strategy and action planc)Yes, into sectoral strategies, plans and programmesX14
Please provide details below.This target for Environmentally Sensitive Species has also been included in the EnvironmentalManagement Authority’s Strategic Plan.IV) Please provide information on current status and trends in relation to this target.For 2004-2005, three species were designated in June 2005 as follows: Sabrewing Hummingbird(Campylopterus ensipennis), Manatee (Trichechus manatus) and Pawi (Pipile pipile). The other species targeted for designation as Environmentally Sensitive Species are 5 species of marine turtles.Staff at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine is currently drafting co-ordinated researchplans for the twospecies: Sabrewing Hummingbird, and Pawi. It is expected that this research will beon-going and will serve as the basis for the development of species recovery plans (which are alsocalled management plans). There is a management plan in existence for the Manatee, which wasproposed by the Wildlife Section of the Forestry Division. With incoming research, this plan can beupdated, and be used in the management of the Manatee.V)Please provide information on indicators used in relation to this target.N/AVI) Please provide information on challenges in implementation of this target.N/AVII) Please provide any other relevant information.N/ABox VI.Target 2.2Status of threatened species improvedNational target: Has a national target been established corresponding to the global target above?a) Nob) Yes, the same as the global targetc)Yes, one or more specific national targets have been establishedXPlease provide details below.The Environmental Management Authority’s Work Plan on Environmentally Sensitive Species addresses the issue of threa
Trinidad and Tobago is located between latitudes 100 and 110, 30 minutes north and lying between 600and 620 west longitude. The two islands have a co m-bined land area of 5126 km2. Being an island state Trinidad and Tobago has an Exclusive . Legal constraints- associated with passing of laws and enforcement
a port outside Trinidad and Tobago of permitted entrants and other persons under this Act; S.1. 1962 No. 1 875 (U.K.). "former Constitution" means the Trinidad and Tobago Constitution set out in the Second Schedule to the Trinidad and Tobago (Constitution) Order-in-Council, 1962; LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Trinidad and Tobago [s honey comes from numerous awards won in the National Honey Show in London. The main thrusts of this paper are to get a better understanding of the current apiculture industry in Trinidad and Tobago as well as the potential for exports and niche marketing opportunities of Trinidad and Tobago [s honey in
system of Trinidad and Tobago. The system of education in Trinidad and Tobago is organized and regulated by the provisions of the Education Act Chapter 39:01 of the Laws of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The Minister gives the overall direction as to how schools are to be conducted, established, managed and maintained.
Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic State, situated appropriately between 100 2' and 11º 12' north latitude, and 600 30' and 61º 56' west longitude. The country consists of the two (2) main islands, Trinidad . In Trinidad and Tobago, there are over 50 laws, polices, plans, strategies and programmes which seek to
The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is the southernmost islands of the Caribbean chain, located 11 kilometers (7 miles) northeast of the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela. The island of Trinidad is 30 km (19 miles) from Tobago. The total land area covered by the twin island state is 5,128 km2 (1,980 mi2) (Trinidad covers 4,828 km2 (1,864 mi2) while .
Tobago a ward of the colony of Trinidad and To-bago. It further provided that all laws that were in force in Trinidad on 1st January, 1899 would also extend to Tobago and that all laws that were in force in Tobago, at that date, that differed from the laws of Trinidad ceased to be in force. The Legislature in Trinidad became the Legislature for
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American Gear Manufacturers Association 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350 Alexandria, VA 22314--1560 Phone: (703) 684--0211 FAX: (703) 684--0242 E--Mail: tech@agma.org website: www.agma.org Leading the Gear Industry Since 1916. May 2004 iii Publications Catalog How to Purchase Documents Unless otherwise indicated, all current AGMA Standards, Information Sheets and papers presented at Fall .
