STMD OSAM And RPOC Strategic Technology Plan

STMD OSAM and RPOC Strategic Technology Plan2020 Innovation & Opportunity Conference (IOC)Bo NaaszRendezvous, Proximity Operations, and Capture (RPOC)September 25, 2020On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (OSAM)Last Edited 9/9/2020

RPOC: well-established set R*Cof capabilitiesessential toSCLT Scopemany NASA missions. The RPOC SCLT scopeincludes rendezvous, proximityoperations, andRendezvouscapture capabilities forProcessboth spacecraftsmall andof bringing anda spacecraftbodies architectures. another space-based object (manmadeor naturalbody) togetherat a specified Rendezvous: bringinga spacecraftand anotherlocation &ortimespace-based object (artificialnatural) together at aspecified location & time. ProximityOperationsProximity Operations:on-orbit activitiesof aOn-orbitof asmallspacerelativevehiclespacecraft within closerangeactivitiesand withrange otherand withsmallvelocity with respect withinto onecloseor morespacerelative velocity with respect to one orobjects (this area includesswarm/cluster/formationmore other space objectsflight) Capture: mating of two spacecraft or a spacecraftand a space-based objectRPOC SCLT ScopeSpacecraftFar-,near-field rendezvous, long rangeinspection, loose formation flyingIR and Visible Images of SpX-14 rendezvous (Raven)MMS formationFinal approach, station-keeping, fly-around,close inspection, initial separation, active abort,precision formation flyingVis, IR, and Lidar images of Cygnus-ISSproximity operations (Raven)Proba-3 formation flyingmission (credit ESA)Grapple, berth, dock, release, and othercapture/contact operationsOrbital ExpressAcquisition, approach, breaking maneuversImages of 67P/C-G (Rosetta) andRyugu (Hyabusa 2) during rendezvousSmall body approach, orbiting, hovering, andhoppingMapping ProxOps (OSIRIS-REx)Sustained surface contact (landing), Touchand Go (TAG)autonomouscaptureCaptureof two spacecraftor a spacecraftOSAM: emerging set Matingof capabilitiesthat enablesand a space-basedobject andinspection, repair, upgrade,modular assembly,manufacture of in-space assets Servicing: on-orbit and on-surface alterationof a client object after its initial launch using anotherspacecraft or surface agentSmall Body**Touch and Go sampleacquisition (OSIRIS-REx)Crew Dragon Docking to ISSDragon Grapple byISS Robot ArmSustained Surface Contactand Boulder Capture (ARRM)Figure 1: ARRM Robotic Boulder Capture Option (Option B)(Image Credit: NASA/AMA, Inc.).feasibility and identify potential differences from the initial ARRM concept, which has been designated the SmallAsteroid Capture Option (Option A). This mission approach provides NASA the option to trade potential returnmass for centimeter-level characterization over an entire large NEA, the ability to select the NEA’s compositiontype (i.e., a water/volatile-rich carbonaceous target), the ability to select a well-characterized, science communityselected sample with geological context, additional experience operating at a low-gravity planetary body includingextended surface contact critical to future human and robotic missions, and the ability to demonstrate futuredeflection strategies on a NEA of a relevant size which will inform strategies to defend our home planet.The ARRM, with a planned launch date in 2019, is one of three components of the Asteroid Redirect Mission(ARM). The second component is the Asteroid Redirect Crewed Mission (ARCM) in which astronauts aboardNASA's Orion spacecraft launched on the Space Launch System (SLS) will rendezvous with the returned asteroid orboulder in a Lunar Distant Retrograde Orbit (LDRO), conduct spacewalks to collect samples, and return the samplesto the Earth for analysis. The ARCM is planned for the mid 2020’s. The third ARM component, which is currentlybeing conducted, is an observation campaign to identify and characterize candidate NEAs using ground-basedfacilities including optical telescopes, radar facilities, and NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), and spacebased assets, such as NASA's Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope and Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared SurveyExplorer (NEOWISE) Space Telescope. The same assets are being used to help catalog the general population ofNEAs and identify those that are a threat to impact the Earth.The capabilities, systems, and operational experience developed and implemented by the ARRM, ARCM, andsubsequent missions to the returned asteroidal material will advance NASA's goal of sending humans beyond lowEarth orbit (LEO) and on the path to future missions to Mars. The extensibility of these missions is discussed infurther detail in Section X.** Small Body - solar system objects small enough such that Descent & Landing is more like a spacecraft docking than EDL Assembly: on-orbit and on-surface aggregation of components to create an asset that cannot be achieved with traditionaldeployment methods and available launch vehicles Manufacturing: involves on-orbit and on-surface transformation of raw materials into usable components and infrastructureII. Stakeholder BenefitsThe ARRM Option B approach addresses the needs of a broad set of stakeholders, including human exploration,planetary defense, science, and commercial and international partnerships. Additionally, the mission approachleverages precursor missions and existing Agency capabilities to ensure mission success. This mission optionsupports future human exploration by addressing multiple Mars-forward technology and operations gaps includingoperations around and on the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos. The approach also provides a well-characterized,accessible, multi-ton boulder for astronauts to explore and return samples from, while also being robust toprogrammatic uncertainties.4

Human ExplorationOSAM Capabilities Enable Bold New Space Missions, Operations, and InfrastructureAdvance our Nation’s humanexploration ambitions, includingthe Gateway and the Artemismissions – enabling sustainableexploration to the Moon andMarsISS In-Space Manufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing Facility (NASA, Made InSpace)Mars AscentVehicle andMobile Habitat(NASA )Human Landing System (NASA)NationalSecurityCommercialScienceCivil SpaceOSAM-1 and SPIDER(NASA, USGS, Maxar)Usher in a new age of scientificdiscoveries and advanced spacebased observation by enablinglarge and complex on-orbitfacilities, such as the nextgeneration large telescopes andpersistent platformsRoman Space Telescope (NASA)Archinaut/OSAM-2(Made In Space, NASA)Promote U.S. economicprosperity and leadership inspace through development oftransformative technologies,mission concepts, andcommercial offeringsEnsure strong and resilientnational security spacecapabilities.2020 Astrophysics Decadal LargeSpace Telescopes (NASA, JPL,Harvard-Smithsonian Center forAstrophysics)Persistent Platform, Instrument“hoteling“ (JPL, Maxar)Intelsat 901 from Mission Extension Vehicle(Intelsat, Northrop Grumman, SpaceLogisticsLLC)Mission Robotic Vehicle / RSGS(Northrop Grumman, SpaceLogistics LLC,Optimast (Image credit – Made In Space)In-SpaceAssembledTelescope(JPL, NASA)

Human ExplorationNationalSecurityCommercialScienceCivil SpaceOSAM-Enabled or Enhanced ArchitecturesHEOMD Platforms- LEO- Cislunar- Robotic Lunar Surface- Human Lunar Surface- Mars Spacecraft- Robotic Mars Surface- Human Mars SurfacePlanetary- Rover Upgrade- Sample Return- Small Body Missions- Large ObservatoriesEarth- Remote Observation Platforms (Hoteling)- Instrument Upgrade- Distributed Observation Systems, Formation Flying (FF)AstrophysicsNotional SMD- Large ObservatoriesPlatforms- Very Large baselines interferometers (large structures and tethered FF)- External Occulters (Starshades)- External Optics FF (high energy imaging)Heliophysics- Exploration / Tourism (eg Axiom)- External Occulters (Solar) and External Optics- Logistics / Depots(eg SpaceX Starship)- Inspection(eg InsureSat)Notional Commercial Platforms- Remote Observation (eg ISS Bartolomeo)- Communications(eg SPIDER)- Space Domain Awareness- Debris Remediation(eg AstroScale)- Logistics- Servicing(eg MEV)Notional National Security- Servicing- Resource Mining and Prospecting (eg ULA)Space Platforms- Resiliency- -

OSAM Enabled Space Ecosystem Notional ConOpsTraditional (non-OSAM-enabled) ProgramsStudy/Dev/Fab/I&TLaunchDesign forOSAMMultipleLaunchesOSAM-enabledProgramsMfg LargeInfrastructureRecycleand ReuseMaterialsISRU/ISPCPAutomatedInspectionMfg partsAssemble, Maintain,Replace, RepairCommissioning & eplace,RepairAssemble/InstallBus erify andCharacterizeAssembliesAssemble leand ReuseKeyMultipleLaunchesTraditionalOSAM CrosscuttingServicingAssemblyManufacturing

OSAM Capability Areas

Strategic Technology Development Plan (STP) Context/FlowOrganized by Capability Area (Section 1.1)Section 2Section 2.3Section 1.2Architecture DefinitionOutcomesCapabilitiesInfusionFuture Missions/ArchitecturesSection entGap sh and Transformative GapsFundingPlanning &PrioritizationAppendix BNASA (ie STMD/AES/SMD) Tech Dev PPBE/ ion“STAR Recommend”And HEOMD Capability Integration

On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing ActivitiesOther NASA Activities (not a complete list):FY20 SBIR OSAM subtopics:Z3.03 - Development of material joining technologies andlarge-scale additive manufacturing processes for on-orbitmanufacturing and constructionZ3.04 - Autonomous Modular Assembly Technology forOSAMZ3.05 - Satellite Servicing Technologies2020 AwardeesAn Additively Manufactured LeakProof NTO SwivelIn-Space Assembly and ManufacturingUsing Synchronized RoboticsAutonomous Docking Operations ForA Novel In-Space Assembly ConnectorKinematic Assembly in Space Mount(KASM)More Durable Pin Tools for Friction StirWeldingAdditive Friction Stir Deposition for InSpace ManufacturingMulti-Agent Planning and Control forAutonomous On-Orbit ServicingAssembly and ManufacturingIn-Space Vacuum Deposition JoiningMiniature Optical Proximity SensorFirmASRC FederalAstronautics LLCMachina Labs Inc.Spaceworks EngineeringInc. (SEI)Motiv Space Systems Inc.Transition45Technologies Inc.IERUS Technologies Inc.TRACLabs Inc.Lunar Resources Inc.RC Integrated SystemsLLCName Activity TitleArchinaut Archinaut (OSAM-2)ARMADAS Automated Reconfigurable Mission Adaptive Digital Assembly SystemsAssemblers: A modular and reconfigurable manipulation system forAssemblersautonomous in-space assemblyCIRAS Commercial Infrastructure for Robotic Assembly and ServicingCPT-TP Coupler for Propellant Transfer-TPHPSCHigh Performance Spaceflight ComputingISMIn Space ManufacturingOSAM-1 Formerly Restore-L, includes SPIDER and MakerSatRRMRobotic Refueling MissionSpace Infrastructure Dexterous Robot (formerly Dragonfly, now includedSPIDERas part of OSAM-1, includes MakerSat)Prog.TDMGCDECITDMGCDGCDGCDTDMTDMTDMOSAM National Initiative Currently in formulation jointly by NASA and DOD Will serve as nation’s steward for OSAM capability development and as a central hub forengaging the broader OSAM stakeholder community Focus on developing a unified vision and strategy, as well as creating partnerships withuniversity, industry, and Government agencies Research technologies for ground-based advancements and in-space servicing, assembly,and manufacturing capabilities required for sustainable, long-duration space missions STMD OSAM STP effort is tightly coupled with ongoing National Initiative activitiesOSAM Technology Transfer Workshop Sept 22-23, 2020 Information available at https://nexis.gsfc.nasa.gov/osam/#events8

Robots are poised to make what was once thought tobe impossible in space a reality. From extending thelifespan of satellites, to assembling massive lifeseeking telescopes in space, to refueling and repairingspacecraft on journeys to distant locations, thepossibilities are endless. Key to these endeavors isdemonstrating the foundational capabilities –servicing, assembly, and manufacturing.Questions?Illustration of OSAM-2 (On-Orbit Servicing, Manufacturing and Assembly).(Made In Space Inc)9

Space Telescopes (NASA, JPL ,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) Optimast (Image credit -Made In Space) In-Space Assembled Telescope (JPL, NASA) OSAM-1 and SPIDER (NASA, USGS, Maxar) Intelsat 901 from Mission Extension Vehicle (Intelsat, Northrop Grumman, SpaceLogistics LLC) Archinaut/OSAM-2 (Made In Space, NASA)