Arduino/Raspberry Pi: Hobbyist Hardware And Radiation Total Dose .

Arduino/Raspberry Pi: Hobbyist Hardware andRadiation Total Dose DegradationDaniel P. ent Pathway InternNASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)University of Connecticut (UCONN)Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.1

ommercial Off The ShelfCentral Processing UnitDevice Under TestElectrical, Electronic, and ElectromechanicalGraphics Processing UnitHigh-Definition Multimedia InterfaceInput/OutputsIDEIntegrated Development EnvironmentInfraredLight-Emitting DiodeIRLEDNASANEPPTIDNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA Electronic Parts and PackagingUSBUniversal Serial BusTotal Ionizing DoseDeliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.2

OutlineWhy no.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUnoTID TestingTID Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.3

Why Hobbyist Hardware?CubeSAT design allows for lower costthreshold for design, construction andlaunchCheaper COTS equipment costs can beseen as desirable in low-risk missionsArduino-based CubeSATs launched in2013, Raspberry Pi CubeSAT liverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.4

Raspberry Pi Single-Board ComputerRaspberry Pi Model BBroadcom BCM 2835 ChipsetCPU – 700 MHz ARM 1176JZGPU – Dual Core VideoCore IV Multimedia Co-Processor26 General Purpose ut Voltage5VInput CurrentStorageSDRAMClock Speed750-1200 mA4 GB Micro-SD512 MB400 MHzOperating System: Linux RaspbianConnections: Ethernet, USBx2, HDMI, StereoAudio/CompositeDeliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.5

Arduino MicrocontrollerArduino UNO v3.0 Microcontroller BoardATMEL Atmega 328 8-bit microcontrollerRISC-based ATMEL Atmega 16U2 USB-to-serial converter16 Digital I/Os6 Analog rating Voltage5VInput VoltageVoltage LimitsFlash MemorySRAMClock Speed7-12V6-20V32 KB2 KB16 MHzDeliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.6

Raspberry Pi TID Testing Set-up &VerificationTesting Set-upDevices under test (DUTs) mounted within Pb-Alshielding box and tested 2 at a time.Dose rate remained consistent for all tests at1 krad(Si)/minute of gamma irradiation.Dose rate and accumulation measured by twoprobes mounted on each side of DUTs.DUTs biased by 5V 1200mA and 5V 1000mApower adapters.Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.7

Raspberry Pi TID Testing Set-up &VerificationVerification HardwareAfter an irradiation step, DUTs were connectedto a display set-up including an HDMIcompatible monitor, power, and wireless mouseand keyboard.The Raspbian Linux-based operating system wasinstalled and run off of a 4 GB micro-SD card(the card was not irradiated).Verification was performed by booting the DUTand running benchmarking tests to check busspeed, memory speed, and drive speed.Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.8

Raspberry Pi TID Testing ResultsTID(krad(Si))ConditionDUT 2ConditionDUT 3ConditionDUT 4ConditionDUT 5Condition(DUT 1 – inalNominalNo ominal40NominalNominalNominalNominalNominal50No LogonNo LogonNo LogonNominalNominal60No TestNo TestNo LogonNo LogonNominal70No TestNo TestNo LogonNo LogonNominal80No TestNo TestNo LogonNo LogonNominal100No TestNo TestNo LogonNo LogonNominal120No TestNo TestNo LogonNo LogonNominal150No TestNo TestNo LogonNo LogonNominalAll DUTs booted and ran normally up through 40 krad(Si). Benchmarking tests all werecompleted successfully up through 40 krad(Si).From 50-60 krad(Si) all DUTs lost the ability to detect the attached USB and keyboard,preventing log-in. At 20 krad(Si), DUT 4 had a similar problem. Switching from 1A to1.2A power supply solved it temporarily.DUTs continued to fully boot to log-in screen up through a TID of 150 krad(Si).Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.9

Arduino TID Testing Set-up &VerificationTesting Set-upDevices under test (DUTs) mounted within Pb-Alshielding box and tested 2 at a time.Dose rate remained consistent for all tests at1.8 krad(Si)/minute of gamma irradiation (stepsizes varied).Dose rate and accumulation measured by twoprobes mounted on each side of DUTs.DUTs biased by 9V 1000mA power adaptersDeliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.10

Arduino TID Testing Set-up &VerificationVerification HardwareAfter an irradiation step, components mountedon a specialized servo-controlling extensionboard called a “shield.”This robotic shield performs a set ofprogrammed instructions utilizing two servocontrolled wheels, a piezoelectric element, IRLEDs and photo resistors.Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.11

Arduino TID Testing Set-up &VerificationVerification “Sketch”Setup Commands:1. Access servo library and connect servos.2. Produce a 3000Hz tone.Repeating operating commands:3. Cycle IR LED light frequency and detectchanges with photoresists to identify objects.4. If object is only on left, rotate to face object.5. If object is only on right, rotate to face object.6. If object is too close, move back.7. If no other criteria are filled, move forward.Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.12

Arduino TID Testing ResultsTID(krad(SI))ConditionDUT 2ConditionDUT 3ConditionDUT 4ConditionDUT 5Condition(DUT 1 – Control)5NominalNominalNo TestNo TestNominal10NominalNominalNo TestNo TestNominal15NominalNominalNo TestNo NominalNominalNo TestNo NominalNominalNominalNominalNominal52No TestNo TestNominalNominalNominal54No TestNo TestNominalNominalNominal56No TestNo TestDamagedDamagedNominal58No TestNo TestDamagedDamagedNominal60No TestNo TestFailureFailureNominal70FailureFailureNo TestNo TestNominalDUT 1 (control) received no dose and was tested at each irradiation step after DUTs 2-5.No degradation observed in Arduino performance prior to 56 krad(Si).Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.13

Arduino TID Testing ResultsDUTs experiencing damage exhibited erratic behavior including repetitive reset ofthe “sketch”, failure to identify objects, producing tones of incorrect frequency uponstart or reset, and freezing during different operations.DUTs experiencing failure would no longer perform any operation on start or resetBoth damaged and failed DUTs would no longer interact with or receive commandsfrom the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), citing programmersync errors.DUTs were annealed for 1-week under bias but did not regain any operational ability.Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.14

SummaryArduino UNO v3.0 : After 56 krad(Si) of TID damage, DUTs displayed signs of errorsand improper operation, with all DUTs receiving more than 60 krad(Si) failingcompletely.Raspberry Pi Model B: After 60 krad(Si), no DUTs were able to identify the USBconnected mouse and keyboard, preventing log-in. However, the DUTs continued toboot successfully to the login prompt through 150 krad(Si).Deliverable to NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov.Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts for Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014.15

Arduino/Raspberry Pi: Hobbyist Hardware and Radiation Total Dose Degradation Daniel P. Violette daniel.p.violette@nasa.gov 301-286-0047 . (NEPP) Program to be published on nepp.nasa.gov. Presented by Daniel P. Violette at the EEE Parts fo r Small Missions, Greenbelt, MD, September 10-11, 2014. CubeSAT design allows for lower cost