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Doc 10085Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO)ManualFirst Edition, 2017Approved by and published under the authority of the Secretary GeneralINTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
Doc 10085Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO)ManualFirst Edition, 2017Approved by and published under the authority of the Secretary GeneralINTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russianand Spanish editions by theINTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agentsand booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.intFirst edition, 2017Doc 10085, Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) ManualOrder Number: 10085ISBN 978-92-9258-327-9 ICAO 2017All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without priorpermission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization.
AMENDMENTSAmendments are announced in the supplements to the Products and ServicesCatalogue; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAOwebsite at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of suchamendments.RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDAAMENDMENTSNo.DateCORRIGENDAEntered byNo.(iii)DateEntered by
FOREWORDThis manual provides guidance on and interpretation of the extended diversion time operations (EDTO) elementsintroduced through Amendment 36 to Annex 6, Part I, Section 4.7 and Attachment C. The amendment represents theculmination of over ten years’ work to develop and refine the provisions in a manner that benefits both air operators andregulators.These new EDTO provisions are based on best practices and lessons learned from extended range operations byaeroplanes with two turbine engines (ETOPS) to ensure that all operators and new entrants operate at the same level ofsafety in order to maintain the current track record of long-range operations.In short, the new EDTO Standards:a)allow longer EDTO operations for aeroplanes with two turbine engines, based on the propulsion reliability andoverall operational safety of current ETOPS twins. The related criteria have been evolved from the ETOPSStandards which previously existed in ICAO’s Annex 6; andb)introduce similar measures to EDTO operations of aeroplanes with more than two turbine engines, through afew additional operational requirements (consideration of time-limited system (TLS)/policy for selection andmonitoring of en-route alternates). There are neither additional maintenance requirements for EDTO operationsof aeroplanes with more than two engines, nor any additional certification requirements. This means that forEDTO with more than two engines, neither the basic type certification nor the maintenance programme needsto be reviewed as both remain valid for EDTO operations.Accordingly, this manual details the Standards, policies, procedures and guidelines for operations by transport categoryaeroplanes with turbine engines conducted beyond 60 minutes from a point on a route to an en-route alternateaerodrome, and for obtaining EDTO certification and/or EDTO specific approval for these aeroplanes to operate fartherthan the applicable EDTO threshold time.This manual is intended to be used by:a)policy makers from the civil aviation authority (CAA), in the implementation of the ICAO Standards related toEDTO in their State regulations;b)oversight inspectors from the CAA, in granting EDTO specific approvals and exercising oversight of EDTOoperations; andc)concerned airline staff (from both flight operations and maintenance/engineering organizations) in thepreparation to introduce new or revised EDTO operations, or when assessing compliance of existing EDTOoperations and procedures versus the new EDTO Standards.The content of this manual should not be considered as the only means of compliance with EDTO requirements. Theremay be other acceptable means of compliance published by the relevant State.Note concerning the use of the terms “EDTO” vs “ETOPS”ICAO decided, through Amendment 36 to Annex 6, Part I, to replace the previously used term ETOPS (extended rangeoperations by twin-engined aeroplanes) with the new term EDTO (extended diversion time operations). The main reasonfor this change in the terminology was to better reflect the scope and applicability of these new Standards.(v)
(vi)Flight Planning and Fuel Management Manual (FPFMM)Nevertheless, this name change is not intended to mandate a similar name change in the concerned State regulations oraircraft documentation. This is in line with the note introduced in the EDTO Standards of Annex 6, which clarifies that theterm “ETOPS” may still be used instead of “EDTO”, as long as the concepts are correctly embodied in the concernedregulation or documentation.This manual has been produced with the participation and cooperation of members of the following organizations: International Air Transport Association (IATA)International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Associations (ICCAIA)International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO):oCooperative development of operational safety and continuing airworthiness programme (COSCAPS)oFlight Operations Panel (FLTOPSP)oSpecial Operations Task Force (SOTF).Note concerning the use of terms, “authorization”, “acceptance”, “approval” and “specific approval”The FLTOPSP of ICAO has been working to standardize the use of these terms in Annex 6. As a result of this work, thefollowing definitions have been agreed and will be used throughout this document:Authorization:An authorization entitles an operator, owner or pilot-in-command to undertake the authorizedoperations.Acceptance:An acceptance is a written or implicit acknowledgment by the State of the Operator/State ofRegistry to an operator or owner of a notification submitted by, or on behalf of, that operator orowner.Approval:An approval is a formal act by the State of the Operator/State of Registry to approve an applicationor a proposed change submitted by, or on behalf of, an operator or owner. The approval attests tocompliance with the applicable provisions.Specific approval:A specific approval is an approval which is documented in the operations specifications forcommercial air transport operations, or in the list of specific approvals for non-commercialoperations.The generic term is therefore “authorization” which can be used in place of any of the other three terms. The term“approval”, which is often used as a generic term for the activity of the regulator granting permission to undertake aparticular operation, should be limited to those occasions as described in the above definition.For items relating to Annex 8, the term “type design approval” is used to refer to the granting of the type design by theState of Design.Comments concerning this manual should be addressed to:The Secretary GeneralInternational Civil Aviation Organization999 Robert-Bourassa BoulevardMontréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7
TABLE OF CONTENTSPageForeword .(v)Glossary .(ix)Chapter 1.Policy and general information .1-1General .Applicability .Reference Standards and guidance material .Authorization procedures .Continuity of EDTO certification — aeroplanes with two turbine engines(not applicable to aeroplanes with more than two engines) .Continuity of EDTO authorization .1-11-11-21-21-61-6Aircraft airworthiness considerations for EDTO .2-1Background .Airworthiness considerations for aeroplanes with two turbine engines .Airworthiness considerations for aeroplanes with more than two turbine engines.2-12-22-7EDTO flight operations requirements .3-1General.Conversion of threshold and maximum diversion time into distance .Operations beyond 60 minutes .Operations beyond EDTO threshold time considerations .Flight preparation considerations .In-flight considerations.Aeroplane performance data .EDTO flight operations manual (EFOM) .EDTO training programme .3-13-13-53-73-103-413-483-483-49EDTO maintenance and reliability requirements.4-1General.EDTO maintenance programme .EDTO maintenance procedures manual (EMPM) .EDTO configuration, maintenance and procedures (CMP) document .Aeroplane maintenance programme for EDTO .EDTO significant systems .EDTO related maintenance tasks/EDTO qualified staff .Parts control programme .EDTO service check .Reliability programme Chapter 2.2.12.22.3Chapter 3.3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.9Chapter 4.4.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.84.94.10(vii)
(viii)Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) on system monitoring .Verification programme .Dual maintenance limitations .Engine condition monitoring programme .Oil consumption monitoring programme .APU in-flight start monitoring programme .Control of the aeroplane’s EDTO status: EDTO release statement .EDTO training .4-144-164-174-194-204-204-224-28
GLOSSARYACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSAECAeroplane/engine combinationAEOAll engines operativeAFMAircraft flight manualAPUAuxiliary power unitATAAir Transport AssociationAWIAirworthiness inspectorCAACivil aviation authorityCASSContinuing analysis and surveillanceCBTComputer-based trainingCDLConfiguration deviation listCFRCritical fuel requiredCMPConfiguration, maintenance and proceduresCMRCertification maintenance requirementsCPCritical pointDADecision altitudeDHDecision heightECMEngine condition monitoringEDTOExtended diversion time operationsEEPEDTO entry pointEFOMEDTO flight operations manualEGTExhaust gas temperatureEMPMEDTO maintenance procedures manualETAEstimated time of arrivalETOPSExtended range operations by aeroplanes with two turbine enginesETPEqual time pointEXCExcess fuelEXPExit pointFLFlight levelFMSFlight management systemFOBFuel on boardFOIFlight operations inspectorFOMFlight operations manualGVIGeneral visual inspectionHFHigh frequencyIASIndicated airspeedICAInstruction for continuing airworthiness(ix)
(x)Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) ManualIFSDIn-flight shut downIPCIllustrated parts catalogueIPDIllustrated parts dataISAInternational standard atmosphereL/DLift over drag ratioLOFTLine-oriented flight trainingLRCLong-range cruiseMCAIMandatory continuing airworthiness informationMCTMaximum continuous thrustMDAMinimum descent altitudeMDHMinimum descent heightMELMinimum equipment listMINMinute(s)MMELMaster minimum equipment listMNPSMinimum navigation performance specificationMPDMaintenance planning documentMPMMaintenance procedures manualMRBRMaintenance review board reportMRCMaximum range cruiseMSNManufacturer serial number (i.e. serial number of the concerned aeroplane)NOTAMNotice to airmenOEIOne-engine-inoperativeOFPOperational flight planPBNPeformance-based navigationP/NsPart numbersQRHQuick reference handbookRFFSRescue and firefighting serviceRNPRequired navigation performanceRVRRunway visual rangeRVSMReduced vertical separation minimumRWYRunwayTASTrue air speedTCDSType certificate data sheetTLSTime-limited systemVFGVariable frequency generatorVMO/MMO Maximum permissible operating speed or Mach number
Glossary(xi)DEFINITIONS*Definition of terms which are already defined in the SARPs. These definitions are identical to the ones provided in theAnnexes.**Definition of terms introduced in this manual to support the implementation of the Standards (e.g. “EDTO en-routealternate”). Some terms may therefore be found in other publications with a different definition.)Aeroplane/engine combination (AEC)**. A combination of aeroplane model and engine model which has beenidentified for the purpose of EDTO certification (also called type design and reliability approval) or authorized forEDTO. EDTO certification of a given aeroplane/engine combination (AEC) is identified on the type certification datasheet (TCDS). EDTO specific approval for a given AEC is identified in the operations specification, which may groupminor model variants into a single authorization when they are substantially common from a configuration andoperational programme perspective. The compliance demonstration required for the EDTO certification and/orEDTO authorization for a particular aeroplane/engine combination takes credit for the similarities with alreadycertified or authorized AEC(s), such as minor models of an aeroplane type and sub-models of an engine installation,i.e. only the EDTO relevant differences (e.g. those having an impact on EDTO processes or procedures) betweenthe candidate AEC and the already certified and/or authorized AEC(s) are addressed for new EDTO certificationand/or EDTO specific approval.Airworthiness inspector (AWI)**. The representative of the civil aviation authority in charge of initial authorizationand/or continued oversight of the operator’s maintenance and engineering organization and processes. Theassessment performed by the AWI may include (but not be limited to):a)b)c)d)the adequacy of maintenance facilities, equipment and procedures;the adequacy of the training programmes and competence of employees;the adequacy of the programme or schedule for periodic maintenance and overhauls; andthe airworthiness of the aircraft.Alternate aerodrome*. An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible orinadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing where the necessary services andfacilities are available, where aircraft performance requirements can be met and which is operational at theexpected time of use. Alternate aerodromes include the following:Take-off alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land should this becomenecessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure.En-route alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land in the event that adiversion becomes necessary while en route.Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land should it become eitherimpossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.EDTO alternate**. An en-route alternate aerodrome that is designated in a dispatch or flight release for use in the eventof a diversion during an EDTO flight, and which meets the applicable dispatch minima (weather and field conditions).This definition applies to flight planning and does not in any way limit the authority of the pilot-in-command duringflight.Note.— En-route alternate aerodromes may also be the take-off and/or destination aerodromes.
(xii)Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) ManualEDTO — configuration, maintenance and procedures (CMP) document**. The document approved by the State ofDesign and which contains the particular aeroplane configuration minimum requirements, including any specialinspection, hardware life limits, master minimum equipment list (MMEL) constraints and maintenance practicesfound necessary to establish the suitability of an aeroplane/engine combination (AEC) for extended diversion timeoperation.EDTO — configuration, maintenance and procedures (CMP) requirements**. The particular aeroplane configurationminimum requirements including any special inspection, hardware life limits, MMEL constraints and maintenancepractices found necessary to establish the suitability of an aeroplane/engine combination (AEC) for extendeddiversion time operation.EDTO critical fuel*. The fuel quantity necessary to fly to an en-route alternate aerodrome considering, at the mostcritical point on the route, the most limiting system failure.EDTO significant system*. An aeroplane system whose failure or degradation could adversely affect the safetyparticular to an EDTO flight, or whose continued functioning is specifically important to the safe flight and landing ofan aeroplane during an EDTO diversion.Extended diversion time operations (EDTO)*. Any operation by an aeroplane with two or more turbine engines wherethe diversion time to an en-route alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by the State ofthe Operator.Flight operations inspector (FOI)**. The representative of the civil aviation authority in charge of initial authorizationand/or continued oversight of the operator’s flight operations organization and processes. The assessmentperformed by the FOI may include (but not be limited to):a)b)c)the adequacy of flight operations facilities, equipment and procedures;the adequacy of the training programmes and competence of employees; andthe adequacy of the programme to ensure safe operations of the aircraft.Mandatory continuing airworthiness information (MCAI)**. The mandatory requirements for the modification,replacement of parts, or inspection of aircraft and amendment of operating limitations and procedures for the safeoperation of the aircraft. Among such information is that issued by Contracting States in the form of airworthinessdirectives. (Definition from the Airworthiness Manual, ICAO Doc 9760.)Maximum diversion time*. Maximum allowable range, expressed in time, from a point on a route to an en-routealternate aerodrome.Operations specifications*. The authorizations, conditions and limitations associated with the air operator certificateand subject to the conditions in the operations manual,Threshold time*. The range, expressed in time, established by the State of the Operator, to an en-route alternateaerodrome, whereby any time beyond requires an EDTO approval from the State of the Operator.Type certification standards**. The data that are defined and approved by the State of Design in the frame of the TypeCertification of the concerned aeroplane, e.g. baseline configuration, airworthiness limitations, flight crewprocedures.
Chapter 1POLICY AND GENERAL INFORMATION1.1GENERAL1.1.1This manual provides the Standards, policies, procedures and guidelines for operations by aeroplanes withturbine engines conducted beyond 60 minutes from a point on a route to an en-route alternate aerodrome, and forobtaining EDTO certification and/or EDTO specific approval for:a)two-engine transport category aeroplanes to operate over a specified route containing a point fartherthan applicable threshold time at the approved one-engine-inoperative (OEI) cruise speed (understandard conditions in still-air) from an adequate aerodrome. The threshold is a point on the routebeyond which the provisions of this manual apply. Specific criteria are included for diversion times of75, 90, 120, and 180 minutes, and beyond 180 minutes.The threshold time for such operations has to be established by the State. In doing so, the Stateshould consider that the maximum diversion time capability of two-engine transport categoryaeroplanes not certified for EDTO is usually limited to 60 minutes. Therefore, the threshold time forsuch EDTO operations should normally be set at 60 minutes. It is possible to select a greaterthreshold time value further to a thorough assessment of the impact of such value on non-EDTOoperations of non-EDTO certified two-engine transport category aeroplanes;Note.— Previously issued specific approvals for ETOPS programmes continue to be valid; requests fornew EDTO specific approvals or changes to existing programmes will be assessed under the criteria outlined in thismanual.b)transport category aeroplanes with more than two engines to operate over a specified route containinga point farther than applicable threshold time at the approved all-engines-operative (AEO) cruisespeed (under standard conditions in still-air) from an adequate aerodrome. The threshold is a point onthe route beyond which the provisions of this manual apply.The threshold time for such operations has to be established by the State. In doing so, the Stateshould consider the specificities, if any, of such operations. Considering that the vast majority of longrange operations over the last 50 years have been conducted within 180 minutes maximum diversiontime, and were not subject to any specific criteria, the threshold time for such EDTO operations shouldnormally be set at 180 minutes. It is possible to select another threshold time value further to athorough assessment of the impact of such value on existing operations and on the time limitations, ifany, of transport category aeroplanes with more than two engines operated beyond the threshold time.1.2APPLICABILITYThis manual applies to transport category aeroplanes with two or more turbine engines where the diversion time to anen-route alternate aerodrome is greater than 60 minutes and/or than the threshold time established by the State of theOperator operated by an air operator in an international air transport service.1-1
1-2Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) ManualNote.— State regulations may establish further criteria related to aeroplane mass and passengercapacities to distinguish the applicability of EDTO requirements.1.3REFERENCE STANDARDS AND GUIDANCE MATERIALThis manual supports Annex 6 — Operation of Aircraft, Part I — International Commercial Air Transport — Aeroplanes,Section 4.7 and Attachment C. This manual can also be used in conjunction with other guidance materials such as theManual of Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and Continued Surveillance (Doc 8335), the AirworthinessManual (Doc 9760) and the Flight Planning and Fuel Management (FPFM) Manual (Doc 9976).1.41.4.1AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURESApplication for EDTO authorization1.4.1.1Requests for authorization of EDTO operations with aeroplanes having two or more engines should besubmitted by the candidate EDTO operator with the necessary elements to the applicable civil aviation authority (CAA)office. These elements are those necessary for the CAA to determine the applicable authorization process (i.e. “inservice” or “accelerated” EDTO authorization – refer to Subsection 1.4.2) and launch the assessment of the operator’sreadiness for EDTO.1.4.1.2These necessary elements are typically:a)the targeted date of start of EDTO;b)the contemplated maximum diversion time authority;c)the concerned aeroplane model(s) and fleet(s) (MSNs); andd)the intended EDTO route(s) or operational area(s).1.4.1.3Other elements may be provided if deemed relevant by the candidate EDTO operator to support itsapplication.1.4.1.4EDTO authorizations are specific approvals typically granted individually by aeroplane/engine combination(AEC) and area of operation; however, authorizations may be combined for model variations within the same aeroplanefamily (e.g. 737-700/800, A320/A321) and for multiple geographic regions.1.4.1.5The request for authorization of EDTO operations should be submitted as an advance notice inaccordance with the five-phase process (refer to ICAO Doc 8335), so that the authority can plan and launch thenecessary oversight actions.1.4.1.6The required duration of this advance notice prior to the proposed start of EDTO operations should bespecified by the CAA. It should be typically:a)from 60 up to 90 days for in-service EDTO authorization; andb)up to 180 days for accelerated EDTO authorization.
Chapter 1.Policy and general information1.4.21.4.2.1requires:1-3EDTO specific approval requirements —aeroplanes with two turbine enginesFor operations with transport category aeroplanes with two turbine engines, the EDTO specific approvala)validation or acceptance by the operator’s CAA of the EDTO certification (also called EDTO typedesign and reliability approval) of the aeroplane granted by the State of Design of the aircraftmanufacturer. The aeroplane type design should meet the requirements for EDTO design featuresand criteria specified in the regulations;b)conformity of the “candidate” aircraft (MSN), including auxiliary power unit (APU) and engines, to theapplicable EDTO configuration requirements listed in the EDTO configuration, maintenance andprocedures (CMP) document;c)a system to maintain and dispatch an EDTO aeroplane in accordance with an approved maintenance,reliability and training programme that includes EDTO requirements specified in Chapter 4;d)demonstration that the maintenance checks, servicing and programmes called for in Chapter 4 areproperly conducted;e)demonstration that the operational limitations, flight preparation and in-flight procedures called for inChapter 3 are properly conducted; andf)authorization of the operator based on its application package: routes, desired diversion time, fleet,area of operations, planned date for the start of EDTO flights, experience records, manuals, training,etc.1.4.2.2The AEC and the general scope of the operation will be reviewed by the flight operations inspector (FOI)and the airworthiness inspector (AWI) to determine if there are any factors that could affect the safe conduct ofoperations before an operations specification is issued.1.4.2.3In summary, an operator that wants to operate EDTO flights with transport category aeroplanes with twoturbine engines has to demonstrate that the aircraft is configured for EDTO and that the organization, means andprocesses comply with applicable EDTO regulation and, for transport category aeroplanes with two turbine engines only,with the EDTO CMP requirements.1.4.2.4The complexity of this demonstration is basically linked to:a)the operator’s experience with EDTO, long-range operations, the area of operation, the aircraft type,the engines, etc.;b)the contemplated degree of direct in-service experience reduction; andc)the type of intended EDTO operations (area of operations, frequency of EDTO flights, diversion timerequested).1.4.2.5There are two types of EDTO authorization, either an “in-service” EDTO authorization or an “accelerated”EDTO authorization. The specific approval method for these
safety in order to maintain the current track record of long-range operations. In short, the new EDTO Standards: a) allow longer EDTO operations for aeroplanes with two turbine engines, based on the propulsion reliability and overall operational safety of current ETOPS twins. The related criteria have been evolved from the ETOPS
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