Edit User's Guide And Reference Manual - NonStopTools

Welcome to EDITHow to Use This ManualSection 3, “Revising Text in Your File,” describes how to use eight of themore commonly used EDIT commands for editing and formatting the textin your file.Section 4, “EDIT Command Summary,” describes each of the EDITcommands, providing the syntax description, a discussion of how thecommand is used, examples, and tips. In addition, this section explainshow to run the EDIT program interactively and noninteractively andprovides more information on range parameters.Section 5, “Range Summary,” details the concept of ranges in an EDITcommand, describes each of the nine range parameters, and providesexamples of each.Section 6, “Handling Your EDIT Files,” describes how to create a backupcopy of your EDIT file, how files are named, which characters are printable,and how to compress an EDIT file to maximize the space on the disk.Appendix A, “EDIT Error Messages,” lists the error messages you mightreceive while using EDIT, describes what they mean, and suggests how tocorrect the problem that generated the message.Appendix B, “EDIT Error Recovery Procedure,” guides you through therecovery procedure for EDIT.Appendix C, “Page Mode Editing,” describes the page mode editingoptions of the EDIT program—the EDIT VS program and EDIT commandsthat allow page mode editing from EDIT.Appendix D, “EDIT VS Error Messages,” lists the error messages you mightreceive while using EDIT VS, describes what they mean, and suggests howto correct the problem that generated the message.Appendix E, “EDIT VS Error Recovery Procedures,” guides you throughseveral recovery procedures for EDIT VS.xvi058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Welcome to EDITNotation ConventionsNotation Conventions You must enter commands in a certain form so that EDIT understandsthem. This form is called syntax—it explains how to enter a command.These conventions have been established for representing syntax to savespace and to avoid having to repeat a lot of information. Uppercase andlowercase letters may have specific meanings, and certain other symbols arealso used to explain how to enter the command. Spaces and commasseparate the parts of the commands (command name, options, andkeywords).Each command’s particular syntax is presented in Section 4, “EDITCommand Summary.” The syntax for the different range parameters ispresented in Section 5, “Range Summary.”058061 Tandem Computers Incorporatedxvii

Welcome to EDITNotation e letters represent keywords and reserved words: you canenter these items in any combination of uppercase or lowercaseletters. You can also abbreviate a keyword to its first letter.Lowercase italic letters represent variable items that you supply.lowercase italiclettersBrackets [ ]Braces { }Vertical line Ellipsis .Spaces“string”PunctuationxviiiBrackets enclose optional syntax items. A group of vertically aligneditems enclosed in brackets represents a list of selections from whichyou can choose one or none.Braces enclose required syntax items. A group of vertically aligneditems enclosed in braces represents a list of selections from whichyou must choose one.A vertical line separating items in a horizontally aligned list of options,enclosed in either braces or brackets, is an alternative to verticalalignment of the selections.An ellipsis immediately following a pair of brackets or bracesindicates that you can repeat the enclosed syntax items any numberof times.If two items are separated by a space, that space is requiredbetween the items. (But if either of the items is a punctuation symbol,such as a parenthesis or a comma, the space is optional.)A string is one or more characters enclosed in quotation marks. Thequotation marks are part of the symtax and must be included in thecommand line.Parentheses, commas, semicolons, and other symbols not describedabove must be entered precisely as shown.058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Welcome to EDITWhat’s New in This ManualWhat’s New inThis ManualThis manual is an update of the previous EDIT Manual and includesinformation contained in the PS MAIL Extended-Editor User’s Guide for TTYTerminals. New or changed information includes:TEDIT, the new EDIT command that starts the TEDIT editing program.A new presentation of the range parameter material. The ranges havebeen reorganized into nine parameters, which are described in detail inSection 5.The various page mode editing options, which have been combinedand described in detail in Appendix C. These options include EDIT VS,the screen editing program, as well as three EDIT commands that areuseful to users having terminals with full-screen capabilities.A new presentation of the EDIT tutorial material. Sections 2 and 3present a condensed version that describes some of the more commonlyused EDIT commands.The error messages and recovery procedures, which have beenrearranged. Appendixes A and B describe error messages and therecovery procedure for EDIT, while those for EDIT VS are presented inAppendixes D and E.058061 Tandem Computers Incorporatedxix

Welcome to EDITWhere to Go for More InformationWhere to Go for The following manuals, also referenced in the text where appropriate,More Information provide supplementary information:The GUARDIAN 90 Operating System Utilities Reference Manual describesthe system software underlying the EDIT program.The PS TEXT EDIT and PS TEXT FORMAT User’s Guide and the PSTEXT EDIT Reference Manual describe the features and commands ofthe TEDIT editing program, which you can start from EDIT.To order copies of the manuals, contact your Tandem sales office.xx058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

1 Introduction to EDITThe EDIT ProgramEDIT is a text editing program. A text editor is a tool that lets you use aterminal to write documents and store them on the computer. Dependingon your needs, the documents that you write might be businesscorrespondence, a letter, or an entire manual; more advanced uses of EDITmight be creating an OBEY file or the source text of a computer program.You use a terminal and EDIT to:Create an EDIT fileType a document in an EDIT fileMake changes and corrections to the document in the EDIT fileStart TEDIT (a more advanced Tandem editor) from a product thatstarts EDIT by defaultThe computer system stores the EDIT file on disk. At any time, the writercan use the text editor from any terminal connected to the computer systemto make changes and corrections to this EDIT file.Writing and EditingWith EDITWriting a document using EDIT is different from writing a document usinga typewriter and paper. With EDIT, editing what you write is easy:You can correct mistakes and make changes as you write.You can return to your document at any time to correct mistakes andmake changes.The editing you do can be as simple as correcting typing mistakes or assophisticated as moving lines of text from one document into another. Forexample, you can use EDIT to write the lines:He who whispers down a wellAbout the goods he has to sell,Will never reap the golden prizeLike him who learns to advertise.058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated1–1

Introduction to EDITCapabilities of the EDIT ProgramThen, at a later time, you can use EDIT to change these lines to:The codfish lays ten thousand eggs.The homely hen lays one.The codfish never cacklesTo tell you what she's done.And so we scorn the codfish,While the humble hen we prize,Which only goes to show youThat it pays to advertise.Capabilities of theEDIT ProgramEDIT makes it easy for you to:Create the EDIT file that will contain your documentAdd text to and delete text from the EDIT fileCorrect typing errorsRead through the text in the EDIT fileModify text in your fileMove text from one place to another in your fileBreak, lengthen, and shorten linesInsert text from another document into your fileCopy your text into another EDIT fileRenumber part or all of the lines in your fileSearch for a specific text stringStart TEDITMake global changes to the textView a listing of your filesThe EDIT program comprises two editors, a line editor (EDIT) and a screeneditor (EDIT VS, for virtual screen). The emphasis of this manual is onEDIT, which is described in Sections 1 through 6. If you want to learn moreabout EDIT VS, refer to the information in Appendix C.1–2058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Introduction to EDITCreating an EDIT FileCreating an EDIT FileTo begin writing a document, you must create an EDIT file to contain thetext of that document. You can do that in two steps: start the EDIT program,then create and name your EDIT file.1.Start the EDIT program at the command interpreter prompt. Thisprompt is the prompt displayed by the program that communicatesbetween your terminal and your computer system. If TACL (TandemAdvanced Command Language) is running on your system, thestandard prompt character is a number, followed by an angle bracket,and then a space (for example, 1 is your first prompt, 2 is the next one,and so on). Less commonly, a system running COMINT displays acolon as the command interpreter prompt.For the sake of simplicity, the TACL prompt represents the commandinterpreter prompt throughout this manual.You can type a command interpreter command at a TACL or COMINTprompt character to start any number of programs. Typing EDIT at thecommand interpreter prompt starts the EDIT program.2.Create and name the EDIT file when you start the EDIT program orwhen EDIT prompts you for a file name. For example, start the EDITprogram, then create and name an EDIT file at the same time by typing:2 EDIT POEMSEDIT responds with the question:TEXT EDITOR - T9601B30 - (08MAR87) WORK.FICTION.POEMS DOES NOT EXIST.SHALL I CREATE IT?Type:YES058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated1–3

Introduction to EDITCreating an EDIT Filein answer to the question “SHALL I CREATE IT?”. EDIT prints:CURRENT FILE IS WORK.FICTION.POEMS*You have started the EDIT program and created an EDIT file namedPOEMS, which will contain your document. You are now ready to typecommands at the prompt for the EDIT program, which is an asterisk (*).If you don’t provide a name of a file, EDIT either prompts you for thefile name as you begin editing or warns you that the file is undefined.For example, if you start EDIT and want to begin adding text:TEXT EDITOR - T9601B30 - (08MAR87)*add1Sing a song of sixpence,NAME THE NEW FILE:If you choose to provide the name of a file, answer the prompt bytyping the file name, press RETURN , and continue adding text to thenew file.If you do not name the file and simply press RETURN at the “NAMETHE NEW FILE” prompt, EDIT creates a temporary file and warns youthat the file is undefined. You can continue to add text to an undefinedfile, although EDIT can’t retrieve the text if you leave the file (and youdon’t save the text elsewhere). For more information about temporaryEDIT files, see “Adding Text to a New EDIT File” in the ADDcommand description in Section 4.Note1–4 WORK.FICTION.POEMS means there is a file named POEMS, in the subvolume namedFICTION, in the volume named WORK. The file named POEMS that you just created willhave the volume name of your current volume and the subvolume name of your currentsubvolume. For more information about file names, subvolume names, and volume names,see “How Files Are Named” in Section 6.058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Introduction to EDITThe RETURN KeyUsing the Line EditorYou can think of line editing as interactive—or conversational—editing.You and EDIT have a conversation about the lines of text in your file. Youcommunicate with EDIT by typing commands and text, then pressingRETURN . EDIT responds by doing what you tell it to and by displayingprompts at your terminal. Figure 1 illustrates the concept of line editingwith the EDIT program.The EDIT PromptOnce you have started the EDIT program from your command interpreterprompt, you’ll receive the EDIT prompt (an asterisk). You can type anyEDIT command at the asterisk. After typing a command line or a new lineof text, press RETURN to tell EDIT to execute what you have typed.The RETURN KeyThis manual presents examples that show how EDIT works. In many ofthem, an imaginary user types in commands or text in response to promptsor queries. As mentioned previously, you must press RETURN after you typea command line or line of text. Therefore, in the examples, there is animplicit RETURN at the end of each window of user input. For those caseswhen the user just needs to press RETURN , the boxed word RETURN is allthat appears beside the asterisk prompt.058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated1–5

Introduction to EDITThe RETURN KeyFigure 1-1. Line Editing With the EDIT ProgramEDITUserThe Line Editor prompts theuser that it is ready to edit a fileand prompts for a command.The User enters a command:The Line Editor goes back tothe file, finds the contents ofline number 3, and displays it."What's on line number 3?"Line 3 says:"And can't find them."The Line Editor thenprompts for a command.The User enters a command:The Line Editor goes back tothe file, finds line number 3,makes the requested change,and displays the line."Change 'can't' to'doesn't know where to'."Line 3 now says:"And doesn't knowwhere to find them."The Line Editor thenprompts for a command.The User enters a command:"I want to see my entire file."The Line Editor displays theentire contents of the file.Line 1 says: "Little Bo Peep"LIne 2 says: "Has lost her sheep"Line 3 says: "And doesn'tknow where to find them".1–6058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Introduction to EDITLine NumbersWhen you simply press RETURN at the asterisk prompt (instead of enteringan editor command or text), EDIT responds by listing the next line of text inthe EDIT file. For example, if your EDIT file contains the lines:78910111213I am only one,But still I am one.I cannot do everything,But Still I can do somethingAnd Because I cannot do everythingI will not refuse to do the somethingthat I can do.then:Lists the text online number 7Lists the text online number 8Lists the text online number 9*LIST 77I am only one,* RETURN8But still I am one.* RETURN9I cannot do everything,*If you continue to press RETURN until EDIT returns just the asterisk, youhave arrived at the end of the file, and EDIT cannot find any more text linesto return.Line NumbersYou use EDIT to display, add text to, and change text in an EDIT file. EDITassigns a line number to each line of text that you add to an EDIT file andstores each line of text in numerical order within the EDIT file. Althoughyou can see the line numbers along the left margin of the screen (forexample, after you request a LIST command), the numbers are not part ofyour actual document.058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated1–7

Introduction to EDITTyping CommandsA line number can have from one to five digits, followed by a decimal pointand from one to three digits. Thus, your file can have line numbersanywhere from 0 to 99999.999. Some examples of line numbers used byEDIT are:The same as 3The same as 104.110.2854470.210003.00104.10As you use EDIT, you see the line numbers on your screen along with thetext they contain.Line numbers are important to the line editor, primarily because you oftenneed to use specific line numbers when you use editor commands. Whenyou type an editor command, you ask the EDIT program to “operate” onone or more lines of text in your EDIT file. These one or more lines areconsidered “the range” for that editor command and tell EDIT the lines oftext on which you want the EDIT command to operate. In the EDITprogram, you see the line numbers assigned to the text in your EDIT file soyou can easily use them when you need to include a range with an editorcommand.Ranges are discussed in more detail in Section 5.Typing Commands1–8You can type command names and keywords (words that modify the actionof a command) in any combination of uppercase and lowercase characters.Using the LIST command and the ALL keyword for an example, all thesefollowing commands are equivalent:*list all*lIsT aLl*List All*LIST ALL058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Introduction to EDITCorrecting Mistyped Editor CommandsYou can likewise abbreviate any command name and keyword to its firstletter. The following commands, for example, are all equivalent:*L A*La*l a*LIST ALLYou can also combine more than one command on a single command line.See Section 4, “Typing Several Commands on One Command Line,” formore information.Correcting Mistyped EditorCommandsOops. You notice amisspelling beforepressing RETURN .Back up to erase theerror, then retype thecommand.Commands can be short, like ADD 1, or quite long, like CHANGE ALL“OLD”NEW” NUM 2/25. If you notice a mistake before you press RETURN ,simply use the BACKSPACE key to back up to your mistake and retype theremainder of the line. For example:*NUMBR ALL*NUMB*NUMBER ALL*If you discover an error in a short command after pressingmay find retyping the command is easiest:Oops. You meant totype LIST.Retype the commandat the prompt.*KIST THERE*LIST5*RETURN, you5ERROR IS NO SUCH COMMAND5Fair is foul, and foul is fairIf, however, your command line is longer, you can use FC (FIXCOMMAND) to alter the last command line if it needs a change or acorrection. Using FC for this kind of error saves you from retyping thewhole command line. (See Section 4 for a detailed description of the FIXCOMMAND.)058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated1–9

Introduction to EDITRangesFor example, assume you have a file in your default subvolume calledMYPOEM. You type the command:*GET MPOEM 1/10 TO 40;LIST ALLand EDIT returns the error message:?:011FILE SYSTEM.USER.MPOEMCANNOT BE OPENEDbecause you don’t have a file named MPOEM.Type FC to tell EDIT to display the most recent command line for editing:*FC(COMMAND) GET MPOEM 1/10 TO 40;LIST ALL.The R, I, and D subcommands of FC work exactly the same when you’reediting a command line as they do when you’re editing a text line. Forexample:(COMMAND) GET MPOEM 1/10 TO 40;LIST ALL.iy(COMMAND) GET MYPOEM 1/10 TO 40;LIST ALL. RETURNPressing RETURN when you’ve finished editing causes EDIT to execute thecorrected command.Note1–10EDIT does not execute the command line after FC if you type two right slants (//) in columns1 and 2 after the FIX prompt (the 10 periods) and press RETURN058061 Tandem Computers Incorporated

Introduction to EDITA Conversation With EDITRangesFor many editor commands, EDIT operates on one or more lines of text inyour file. So, when you type many of the commands, you are actuallyspecifying both a command name and a range of text to be operated on. Arange is the one or more lines of text on which you want the command tooperate.You specify ranges in a variety of ways. The simplest ways are with a linenumber (for a single line) or two line numbers separated by a slash (for twoor more consecutive lines). You can specify a range of one or more columnswithin your file. You can also specify a range of lines that contains aparticular character string (a character string is a series of characters such asa word, a phrase, or a number enclosed in quotation marks).Ranges are an integral part of many editor commands. For moreinformation about ranges, see “Introduction to Ranges” in Section 4. For athorough discussion as

The EDIT program provides two editors—EDIT, a line editor, and EDIT VS, a screen editor. The emphasis of this manual is on EDIT. The manual introduces you to the features and capabilities of EDIT, describes the many EDIT commands and their ranges, and provides information on creating and using EDIT files. For those users who wish to use EDIT .