Motion And Gravity In Space
Motion and Gravity in Space Each planet spins on its axis. The spinning of a body, such a planet, on its axis is called rotation. The orbit is the path that a body follows as it travels around another body in space. A revolution is one complete trip along an orbit.
Kepler’s Three Laws of Motion Johannes Kepler discovered three laws of planetary motion: 1. Orbits of the planets are elliptical. An ellipse is an oval-shaped path.
Kepler’s 2nd Law 2. planet moves fastest when it is near perihelion and slowest when it is near aphelion Perihelion – moment closest to sun Aphelion – moment furthest from sun
Kepler’s Third Law 3. planets more distant from the sun take longer to orbit the sun.
For example, Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, takes just 88 Earth days to complete an orbit. But Neptune, the furthest out, takes 164 Earth years to The graph above shows the distances of the planets from the Sun and the speed at which they travel. The shape of the curve shows that the further out a planet is the longer it takes to orbit the Sun. Kepler Video http://youtu.be/dRT3m2Wzyh4
Kepler did not understand what causes the planets farther from the sun to move slower than the closer planets. Sir Isaac Newton’s description of gravity provides an answer.
Sir Isaac Newton Although others had theorized the existence of gravitational force, Newton was the first to formulate and test the law of universal gravitation. Universal Gravitation 1. Gravitational force decreases with distance. 2. The greater the mass of an object, the greater is its gravitational force.
The direction of the pull of gravity is always towards the center of the mass
If gravity is pulling the Earth into the center of the Sun, why does the Earth move in a circle? Why doesn't the Earth crash into the centre of the Sun? If the forces acting on the Earth were balanced, then the Earth would move through space in a straight line at a constant velocity. The Earth is trying to move past the Sun, the Sun's gravity is pulling the Earth sideways. Bill Nye - gravity http://youtu.be/6f6maa9xPDM
Orbits Falling Down and Around - Inertia is an object’s resistance to change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object. 1. Gravitational attraction keeps the planets in their orbits. Inertia keeps the planets moving along their orbits.
2. There are no other forces acting on the Earth, no friction because the Earth is moving through empty space. The Earth moves in a direction between the two arrows. 3. The attraction of gravity between the two masses (Sun and Earth) stays the same as long as the distance between them stays the same. 4. The Earth must move in a circle to remain the same distance from the Sun. 5. The force which keeps an object moving in a circle is called the centripetal force. Weightlessness Video http://youtu.be/d57C2drB wc
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Mass 0·05 0·8 1·0 0·1 318 95 14·5 17 0·002 Diameter 4·9 12·0 12·8 6·8 143 120 51 49·5 2.3 Orbit Time 0·24 0·62 1·0 1·9 12 29·5 84 165 248 Distance 58 108 150 228 780 1430 2870 4500 5900 Orbital Speed 48 35 30 24 13 10 7 5·5 4·8 Mass is given relative to the Earth. Diameter is given in thousands of kilometres. Orbit time is given in years. Distance from the planet to the Sun is given in millions of kilometres. The distance is an average value for the slightly elliptical orbit. Orbital speed is given (approximately) in kilometres per second. Notice that the orbital speed decreases as the distance from the Sun increases Pluto
Retrograde Motion 6. Retrograde motion is the apparent westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars. retrograde motion usually means motion which is contrary to the rotation of the primary, that is, the object which forms the system's hub.
The Solar & Heliospheric Observatory, is a project of international collaboration between ESA and NASA to study the Sun from its deep core to the outer corona and the solar wind. SOHO was launched in December 1995 by an Atlas Centaur rocket and became operational in March 1996. SOHO weighs about two tons and with its solar panels extended stands about 25 feet across. It was launched in December, 1995. SOHO will continue operating well past the next solar maximum in 2001. SOHO was designed to answer the following three fundamental scientific questions about the Sun: What is the structure and dynamics of the solar interior? Why does the solar corona exist and how is it heated to the extremely high temperature of about 1 000 000 C? Where is the solar wind produced and how is it accelerated?
SOHO IMAGES and VIDEOS CLICK TO VIEW
Hubble Space Telescope
why does the Earth move in a circle? Why doesn't the Earth crash into the centre of the Sun? If the forces acting on the Earth were balanced, then the Earth would move through space in a straight line at a constant velocity. The Earth is trying to move past the Sun, the Sun's gravity is pulling the Earth sideways. Bill Nye - gravity
422HC Gravity Steam 433HC Gravity and Vacuum Steam 500HC Series 21'' (532 mm) x 21'' (532 mm) x 38'' (965 mm), 9.7 Cu Ft (275 L) 522HC Gravity Steam 533HC Gravity and Vacuum Steam DOOR SELECTION Manual Power (400 Series Double Door, Special Order) SINGLE DOOR MOUNTING Recessed Cabinet DOUBLE DOOR MOUNTING Cabinet, recessed one end
An indirect way of observing quantum gravity e ects is via the gauge / gravity corre-spondence, which relates quantum eld theories and quantum gravity. 1.3 Approaches to quantum gravity List of the largest existing research programmes. Semiclassical gravity Energy-momentum-t
Moreover, specific gravity is often quoted as a percentage, e.g. a specific gravity of 0.89 is shown as 89. The term API gravity(a standard adopted by the American Petroleum Institute) is commonly used to express the specific gravity of petroleum. Nota bene:API gravity is defined as: ( 141.5 / 60o specific gravity at 60o F ) – 131.5.
2 HUMAN MOTION CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM Classifying motion means determining what kind of action (e.g. walking, running, jumping, fighting, dan-cing, etc.) is being portrayed by any given human motion in space. Tracking motion in space is usually achieved by motion capture that involves decompo-sing each motion as a series of three-dimensional po-
A-2 Speed and the Gravity Drop How do you measure the motion of a falling object? The gravity drop is an excellent tool for studying the motion of an object in free fall. The objects used with the gravity drop are a steel marble and a plastic marble. In this A-level Investigation, students learn to measure the speed of the marble as it falls.
Lesson 14: Simple harmonic motion, Waves (Sections 10.6-11.9) Lesson 14, page 1 Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion The projection of uniform circular motion along any axis (the x-axis here) is the same as simple harmonic motion. We use our understanding of uniform circular motion to arrive at the equations of simple harmonic motion.
Motion-Based Motion Deblurring Moshe Ben-Ezra and Shree K. Nayar,Member, IEEE Abstract—Motion blur due to camera motion can significantly degrade the quality of an image. Since the path of the camera motion can be arbitrary, deblurring of motion blurred images is a hard problem. Previ
Simple Harmonic Motion The motion of a vibrating mass-spring system is an example of simple harmonic motion. Simple harmonic motion describes any periodic motion that is the result of a restoring force that is proportional to displacement. Because simple harmonic motion involves a restoring force, every simple harmonic motion is a back-
