CHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA - Statistics South Africa
CHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA:A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation AnalysisJune 2020Statistics South AfricaReport No. 03-10-22Risenga MalulekeStatistician-General
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICAiiCHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis / Statistics SouthAfricaPublished by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 Statistics South Africa, 2020Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as theoriginal source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user'sindependent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or applicationthereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA.Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) DataCHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis / Statistics SouthAfrica. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2020Report no. 03-10-22138 ppISBN 978-0-621-48540-0A complete set of Stats SA publications is available at Stats SA Library and the following libraries:National Library of South Africa, Pretoria DivisionNational Library of South Africa, Cape Town DivisionLibrary of Parliament, Cape TownBloemfontein Public LibraryNatal Society Library, PietermaritzburgJohannesburg Public LibraryEastern Cape Library Services, King William’s TownCentral Regional Library, PolokwaneCentral Reference Library, MbombelaCentral Reference Collection, KimberleyCentral Reference Library, MmabathoThis report is available on the Stats SA website: www.statssa.gov.zaFor technical enquiries, please contact:Patricia KokaEmail: patriciak@statssa.gov.zaCHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis, Report 03-10-22
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICAiiiTable of ContentsAbbreviations & Acronyms . xDefinition of terms . xiPreface . xiiAcknowledgements . xiiiExecutive Summary . xivKey findings . xv1. Introduction . 12. Purpose of report . 33. Methodology . 33.1 MODA methodology . 33.2 Data source and collection method . 43.3 Selection of dimensions, indicators and age-groups . 43.4 Limitations and data constraints . 83.5 Analytic approach . 94. Analysis of results . 104.1 Multidimensional and money-metric poverty among all children (0–17 years) . 134.1.1 Multiple deprivation analysis . 134.1.2 Overlap analysis between money-metric and multidimensional deprivation . 204.2 Deprivation among younger children (0–4 years) . 274.2.1 Single deprivation analysis . 274.2.2 Multiple deprivation analysis . 374.3 Deprivation among primary school aged children (5–12 years) . 474.3.1 Single deprivation analysis . 474.3.2 Multiple deprivation analysis . 554.4 Deprivation among adolescents (13–17 years) . 674.4.1 Single deprivation analysis . 674.4.2 Multiple deprivation analysis . 754.5 Analysis of multidimensional poverty according to money-metric poverty status . 874.5.1 Young children (0–4 years) . 874.5.2 Primary school-aged children (5–12 years) . 944.5.3 Adolescents (13–17 years) .1015. Recommendations .1096. References .110Annexes .111A.1 Deprivation headcount rates by dimension and each age group .111A.2 Three-way overlap between all possible combinations .114A.3 Overlap between multidimensional and money-metric child poverty .120CHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis, Report 03-10-22
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICAivList of figuresFigure 3.1.1: List of dimensions and indicators based on the LCS 2015 . 5Figure 4.1.1: Multidimensional poverty headcount (H%) for children aged 0–17 years at national leveland for all thresholds . 14Figure 4.1.2: Deprivation distribution for children aged 0–17 years at national level . 15Figure 4.1.3: Percentage distribution of deprived children aged 0–17 years by settlement type . 16Figure 4.1.4: Multidimensional (k 3) child poverty for children aged 0–17 years by province . 16Figure 4.1.5: Multidimensional (k 3) child poverty for children aged 0–17 years by metropolitanmunicipality . 17Figure 4.1.6: Multidimensional (k 3) child poverty children aged 0–17 by metropolitan municipalitycategory . 18Figure 4.1.7: Multidimensional poverty head count ratios (k 3) for children aged 0–17 years by child'scharacteristics . 19Figure 4.1.8: Deprivation overlap for children aged 0–17 years based on money-metric andmultidimensional (k 3) poverty at the national level. . 20Figure 4.1.9: Child poverty for children aged 0–17 years based on money-metrics poverty of ahousehold by province . 23Figure 4.1.10: Child poverty for children aged 0–17 years based on multidimensional poverty (k 3) of ahousehold by province . 24Figure 4.2.1: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 0–4 years by indicator and dimension . 28Figure 4.2.2: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 0–4 years by dimension . 29Figure 4.2.3: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 0–4 years by dimension and settlementtype. 30Figure 4.2.4: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for Nutrition by province. 31Figure 4.2.5: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for Health by province . 31Figure 4.2.6: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for Child development by province . 32Figure 4.2.7: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for WASH by province . 32Figure 4.2.8: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for Housing by province . 33Figure 4.2.9: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for Protection by province. 33Figure 4.2.10: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years for Information by province . 34Figure 4.2.11: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years based on birth registration status . 35Figure 4.2.12: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years by population group of the child . 36Figure 4.2.13: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years by Orphanhood status . 36Figure 4.2.14: Deprivation distribution for children aged 0–4 years at national level . 37Figure 4.2.15: Deprivation distribution for children aged 0–4 years by settlement type . 38Figure 4.2.16: Deprivation distribution for children aged 0–4 years old by metropolitan municipality . 38Figure 4.2.17: Proportion of children aged 0–4 years old deprived in each specific dimension andadditional dimensions . 39CHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis, Report 03-10-22
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICAvFigure 4.2.18: Three-way overlap between the dimensions Child development, Housing and Health forchildren aged 0–4 years old . 40Figure 4.2.19: Multidimensional headcount (H%) for children aged 0–4 years at national level . 41Figure 4.2.20: Multidimensional head count ratios (k 3) for children aged 0–4 years by child'scharacteristics . 42Figure 4.2.21: Adjusted deprivation headcount rate and its decomposition (k 3) for children aged 0–4years by settlement type and metropolitan municipality . 43Figure 4.3.1: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 5–12 years by indicator and dimension . 48Figure 4.3.2: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 5–12 years by dimension. 49Figure 4.3.3: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 5–12 years by dimension and settlementtype. 50Figure 4.3.4: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for Nutrition by province . 50Figure 4.3.5: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for Health by province. 51Figure 4.3.6: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for Education by province . 51Figure 4.3.7: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for Protection by province. 52Figure 4.3.8: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for WASH by province . 52Figure 4.3.9: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for Housing by province . 53Figure 4.3.10: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years for Information by province . 53Figure 4.3.11: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years by population group of a child . 54Figure 4.3.12: Deprivation rate for children aged 5–12 years by Orphanhood status . 55Figure 4.3.13: Deprivation distribution for children aged 5–12 years at national level . 56Figure 4.3.14: Deprivation distribution for children aged 5–12 years by settlement type . 56Figure 4.3.15: Deprivation distribution for children aged 5–12 years by metropolitan municipality . 57Figure 4.3.16: Proportion children aged 5–12 years old deprived in each specific dimension andadditional dimensions . 58Figure 4.3.17: Three way overlap between the dimensions of Education, WASH and Information forchildren aged 5–12 years old . 59Figure 4.3.18: Multidimensional poverty headcount (H%) for children aged 5–12 years at national level . 60Figure 4.3.19: Multidimensional head count ratios (k 3) for children aged 5–12 years by child'scharacteristics . 61Figure 4.3.20: Adjusted deprivation headcount rate and its decomposition (k 3) for children aged 5–12years by settlement type and metropolitan municipality category . 62Figure 4.4.1: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 13–17 years by indicator and dimension . 68Figure 4.4.2: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 13–17 years by dimension . 69Figure 4.4.3: Deprivation headcount rates for children aged 13–17 years by dimension and settlementtype. 69Figure 4.4.4: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for Nutrition by province . 70Figure 4.4.5: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for Health by province. 70Figure 4.4.6: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for Education by province . 71Figure 4.4.7: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for Protection by province. 71CHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis, Report 03-10-22
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICAviFigure 4.4.8: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for WASH by province . 72Figure 4.4.9: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for Housing by province . 72Fiure 4.4.10: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years for Information by province . 73Figure 4.4.11: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years by population group of a child . 74Figure 4.4.12: Deprivation rate for children aged 13–17 years by Orphanhood status . 75Figure 4.4.13: Deprivation distribution for children aged 13–17 years at national level . 76Figure 4.4.14: Deprivation distribution of children aged 13–17 years by settlement type . 76Figure 4.4.15: Deprivation distribution of children aged 13–17 years by metropolitan municipality . 77Figure 4.4.16: Proportion of children aged 13–17 years old deprived in each specific dimensions andadditional dimensions . 78Figure 4.4.17: Three-way overlap between the dimensions Nutrition, Education and Information forchildren aged 13–17 years old . 79Figure 4.4.18: Multidimensional poverty headcount (H%) for children aged 13–17 years at national level . 80Figure 4.4.19: Multidimensional head count ratios (k 3) for children aged 13–17 years by child'scharacteristics . 82Figure 4.4.20: Adjusted deprivation headcount rate and its decomposition (k 3) for children aged 13–17years by settlement type and metropolitan municipality category . 83Figure 4.5.1: Deprivation rate for children aged 0–4 years by dimension and money-metric povertystatus . 88Figure 4.5.2: Number of simultaneous deprivations for children aged 0–4 years by money-metricpoverty status .
Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data CHILD POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis / Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2020
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