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Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report Released January 29, 2019 MIND THE GAP: EMPLOYERS AND TECH PROFESSIONALS DIVIDED ON HOW TO SATISFY TOP TECH TALENT.

Contents PAGE 3 PAGE 8 Reasons for Changing Employers It's Not Only About Money Salary Satisfaction PAGE 10 PAGE 4 Salary by Employment Type Managing Your Teams Well is Key to Winning (and Keeping) Tech Talent Job Titles by Salary Motivators 10-Year Trend in Tech Salaries PAGE 11 PAGE 5 Certifications Top 10 Paying Skills Mind the Gap PAGE 12 Top-Paying Skills and Experience PAGE 6 Working Remotely PAGE 14 Reasons for Salary Increase Top Industries by Salary PAGE 7 PAGE 15 Top Tech Metros by Salary, and Adjusted for Cost of Living Salary by State Salary by Level Salary by Experience HOW MUCH IS TECH TALENT WORTH? Get custom salary estimates based on title, experience, location and skills. Go to dice.com/calculator Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 2

MIND THE GAP: EMPLOYERS AND TECH PROFESSIONALS DIVIDED ON HOW TO SATISFY TOP TECH TALENT Dice’s annual salary survey reveals non-salary options to improve recruitment efforts, increase retention and mitigate burnout. REASONS FOR CHANGING EMPLOYERS OF THE 45% OF TECH PROFESSIONALS THAT ANTICIPATE CHANGING EMPLOYERS IN 2019, HERE'S WHY: Salaries for technology professionals in the United States were flat in 2018 with average annual salary of 93,244, a slight 0.6% increase from 2017. The Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report mirrors static wages in technology across the U.S., but finds compelling options beyond pay for employers looking to impress top tech talent and attract skilled candidates. 68% 47% 34% 22% 18% 13% In 2018, as with previous years, when asked why they’d anticipate changing employers, the vast majority of tech professionals (68% in 2018) said they’d change employers to receive higher compensation. While this sentiment continues to trump other satisfaction factors for tech professionals, it is also clear that they are seeking more than that coveted paycheck. Higher compensation AVERAGE SALARY 80,925 Better working conditions AVERAGE SALARY 84,516 More responsibility AVERAGE SALARY 85,144 Anticipate losing current position AVERAGE SALARY 100,675 Shorter commute AVERAGE SALARY 83,751 Relocation AVERAGE SALARY 81,192 SALARY SATISFACTION SALARY SATISFACTION HAS BEEN DECLINING. Confidence in finding a favorable new position in the next year has increased. SATISFIED WITH SALARY 57% 54% 52% 53% 54% 52% 48% 2017 2018 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 60% 63% 2018 Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 3

SALARY BY EMPLOYMENT TYPE “Technology is an important driving force behind innovation and most every company will be a tech company at its core in the future. How we incentivize our tech talent will define our business success,” shared Art Zeile, CEO of DHI Group, Inc., parent company to Dice. “As it stands now, tech pros see a gap in the benefits and perks they want and need, compared to what they receive with their current employer. This dissonance must be shored up in order for top tech employers to remain competitive in a demanding market.” U.S. Average 93,244 YR/YR CHANGE Permanent Contractor Contractor 93,013 98,079 94,011 (Working Directly for Company) 47% of tech professionals said they’d change employers to seek better working conditions (noncompensation aspects like remote work, flex hours and culture), more responsibility (34%) and because they anticipate losing their current position (22%). The good news is, employers can mind the gap by offering non-salary options like training and education, flex and 0.6% YR/YR CHANGE N/A* (Employed by Staffing Agency) YR/YR CHANGE (Working Directly for Employer) YR/YR CHANGE N/A* N/A* * Employment type categories were updated in the 2018 survey, therefore, yr/yr change is not available. TOP JOB TITLES BY SALARY JOB TITLE 1 Tech Management (CEO, CIO, CTO, VP, Dir.) 2 Systems Architect 3 Tech Management (Strategist, Architect) 4 Product Manager 5 DevOps Engineer 6 Software Engineer 7 Hardware Engineer 8 Project Manager 9 Security Engineer 10 Developer: Applications 11 Security Analyst 12 Data Engineer 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 142,063 129,952 3.9% -3.8% 127,121 114,174 111,683 110,989 110,972 110,925 110,716 105,202 103,597 103,596 8.0% -4.2% N/A 5.1% N/A -2.8% N/A 7.6% N/A N/A JOB TITLE 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Database Administrator QA Engineer Data Scientist Business Analyst Programmer/Analyst Network Engineer Web Developer/Programmer Systems Administrator QA Tester Technical Support Desktop Support Specialist Help Desk PC/Service Technician 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 103,473 96,762 95,404 94,926 91,404 88,280 82,765 82,624 71,552 60,600 53,346 45,709 41,310 0.2% 5.2% N/A 4.5% 8.7% 2.6% 11.6% -0.5% -1.2% 6.8% 1.9% 5.5% N/A AVERAGE U.S. TECH SALARY 10-YEAR TREND 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY AVG. SALARY 78,845 79,384 81,327 85,619 87,526 88,479 93,328 92,081 92,712 93,244 YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE 1.0% 0.7% 2.4% 5.3% 2.2% 1.1% 5.5% -1.3% 0.7% 0.6% Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 4

TOP 10 PAYING SKILLS 6 Elasticsearch 1 Golang Big Data Programming Languages 123,933 132,827 YR/YR CHANGE N/A YR/YR YR/YRCHANGE CHANGE -0.6% 7 RabbitMQ 2 Kafka Programming Languages 123,777 Big Data 127,554 YR/YR CHANGE 4.3% YR/YR CHANGE 5.3% 8 MapReduce 3 Amazon Big Data DynamoDB 123,001 Cloud 125,609 YR/YR CHANGE 1.3% YR/YR CHANGE -1.9% 9 PaaS 4 Amazon (Platform as a Service) Redshift Cloud Cloud 122,967 125,090 YR/YR CHANGE 0.4% YR/YR CHANGE 10 HANA -3.3% (High Performance Analytical Application) 5 Cassandra Cloud Big Data 124,152 122,907 1.1% YR/YR CHANGE YR/YR CHANGE 3.7% SEE MORE: For additional salary info on skills, see pages 12 and 13 MIND THE GAP THE LARGEST DISPARITIES IN BENEFITS TECH PROS FIND IMPORTANT VS. THOSE THEY CURRENTLY HAVE. Training and education 31 % GAP 71 % IMPORTANT 40% HAVE Remote work/Flex hours 24% 73% IMPORTANT GAP 49 % HAVE Stock programs IMPORTANT HAVE 24% 43% GAP 19 % 401(k) matching 82% IMPORTANT HAVE 61 % Paid sick time 79 % IMPORTANT HAVE 63% 21% GAP 16 % GAP remote options and burnout mitigation in order to recruit and retain the most coveted tech professionals. Promote Training and Education In 2018, 71% of tech professionals said that training and education are important to them, but only 40% currently have company-paid training and education – that’s a 31% gap between what’s desired and what’s offered. This gap is further illustrated by the fact that far more tech professionals (45%) who are satisfied with their job receive training, while only 28% of those who are dissatisfied with their job receive training. “Offering skill-enhancing training keeps employees at the top of their game and could ease the minds of professionals wanting to feel motivated and invested,” said Zeile. Be Flexible on Remote and Flex Options In addition to training and education, tech professionals overwhelmingly noted remote and flexible working options as important (73%). In contrast, only 49% Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 5

WORKING REMOTELY REASONS FOR SALARY INCREASE HOW OFTEN WOULD YOU PREFER TO WORK REMOTELY VS. HOW OFTEN DO YOU CURRENTLY WORK REMOTELY? PREFER Never CURRENTLY 2% 23% A few days a month 15% 26% One day a week 19% 12% Half of the time 20% 6% More than half of the time, but not always 18% 6% Always 21% 12% 4% 17% Not sure/Not allowed at my company for my role Percentages don't add up to 100% due to rounding HOW MUCH OF A PAY CUT WOULD YOU TAKE TO WORK REMOTELY MORE OFTEN?* No pay cut Up to 10% 11 – 20% 21 – 30% 31% 5% 3% 11% 33% 48% * Dice Snap Poll, Dec. 2018 currently have these options. This 24% gap is the second-largest between a desired benefit and what employers broadly are offering, which ties into overall employee satisfaction; 55% of people who said they’re satisfied at their job have remote and flex options, whereas only 33% (who are said they’re dissatisfied with their job) have the benefit. In terms of how often professionals want to work remotely, while 98% of Dice respondents said they’d prefer to work remotely at least some of the time, only 62% are currently offered this option by their employer. Employers who provide remote and flex options, even part of the time, have a better opportunity to stand out from competitors vying for the same tech talent. Mitigate Burnout Lack of recognition (36%), workload (35%) and lack of challenge or monotony (28%) result in tech professional burnout. 81% of tech pros reported feeling burnt out in 2018, with a surprising 35% feeling the highest levels of burnout. Those tech professionals who said they are dissatisfied with their jobs even more cite lack of recognition (39%) as the number one reason they’re burnt out. Only 35% Merit raise 20% Changed employers 10% Internal promotion 8% Cost of living 3% 3% 3% 1% Different client, contract or project Increased bonus Higher commission or bill rate Obtained certification or new skills 6% Mandated company-wide increase 1% More hours (overtime) 4% Became employed (full time, first job, etc.) 1% Counteroffer 3% Changed work type (contractor 2% Other vs. permanent) 2% of overall respondents reported that high level recognition was a primary motivator provided by their employer in 2018, illustrating another gap opportunity for employers to close. Another contributing factor to burnout is the desire for more responsibility and more interesting/challenging work. In fact, 34% of tech professionals said they’d change employers to receive more responsibility. Only 10% of respondents said they were provided more interesting/challenging work in 2018 as a primary motivator by their employer, which remains flat year/year. Get a custom salary estimate based on title, skills and location for the exact position you're recruiting at dice.com/calculator Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 6

TOP TECH METROS BY SALARY 1Silicon Valley 2018 2 Seattle 118,306 3.2% 2018 YR/YR Change METRO 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 D.C./Baltimore Portland New York Tampa Denver Los Angeles Philadelphia 105,059 5.7% 2018 YR/YR Change YR/YR CHANGE 2018 101,235 101,019 100,616 96,777 96,258 96,203 93,340 1.3% 10.8% -3.2% 11.8% 1.7% -3.0% -4.2% 103,846 2.8% 2018 YR/YR Change METRO 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4 Minneapolis 3 San Diego Chicago Phoenix Houston Austin Raleigh Charlotte Dallas 103,271 6.5% 92,300 92,246 91,591 91,382 91,103 90,358 89,779 -0.8% 2.8% 1.5% 1.3% 5.2% -2.3% -5.7% 103,106 -2.1% 2018 YR/YR Change YR/YR CHANGE 2018 5 Boston YR/YR Change METRO 20 21 22 23 24 YR/YR CHANGE 2018 Detroit Orlando St. Louis Atlanta Miami 89,619 88,133 86,206 85,920 80,493 8.1% 8.4% 6.4% -7.3% -6.7% TOP TECH METROS BY SALARY ADJUSTED FOR COST OF LIVING WHERE DO TECH SALARIES GO THE FURTHEST? AVERAGE SALARIES ADJUSTED FOR LOCAL COST OF LIVING. 1Minneapolis 2 Portland 3 Tampa 4 Charlotte 5 Seattle Adjusted Salary Adjusted Salary Adjusted Salary Adjusted Salary Adjusted Salary 100,949 99,330 96,971 96,640 95,076 METRO 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ADJUSTED SALARY Phoenix 95,001 Raleigh 94,998 St. Louis 94,941 Detroit 93,451 Silicon Valley 93,081 Boston 92,805 Austin 91,382 METRO 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Denver Houston Orlando Dallas San Diego Atlanta Chicago ADJUSTED SALARY 90,809 90,148 89,932 89,600 89,291 89,222 88,921 METRO 20 21 22 23 24 Philadelphia D.C./Baltimore New York Los Angeles Miami ADJUSTED SALARY 88,140 85,000 82,472 81,735 74,808 Cost of living adjustment data sourced from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 7

IT'S NOT ONLY ABOUT MONEY 70% of tech professionals would take the same job with a different company for as little as a 15% salary increase. Offering programs that boost job satisfaction may be just as important as hard cash to attract and retain talent. WHY TECH PROS WANT TO FIND A NEW JOB 68% SEEKING HIGHER SALARY Salary isn't the only reason tech professionals plan on changing jobs. Employers can control work-life balance programs and offer more challenging work. 47% SEEKING BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS 34% SEEKING MORE RESPONSIBILITY Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 8

BENEFITS AND BURNOUT LOOK BEYOND SALARY TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN TECH TALENT Tech professionals want more remote work opportunities. Flexibility on remote work shows an employer's commitment to the well-being of its talent. FLEX 52% of tech pros would take a pay cut to work remote more often. WORKING REMOTELY PREFERENCE CURRENT 19% 1 DAY PER WEEK 12% 20% HALF THE TIME 6% 18% MORE THAN HALF THE TIME BUT NOT ALWAYS 6% 21% ALWAYS 12% TRAINING 30% of those without certifications say their employers don’t pay or allow time for them. Tech professionals want to keep their skills fresh. Offering training and paying for certifications show an employer's willingness to invest in its talent. 71% BELIEVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING BENEFITS ARE IMPORTANT 40% CURRENTLY RECEIVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING BENEFITS Tech professionals are burnt out. Offering meaningful recognition, educational and remote work programs can help counter some of these top issues. BURNOUT 35% of tech pros say they are very burnt out. WHY TECH PROS BURN OUT 36% 35% LACK OF RECOGNITION WORKLOAD 28% 26% UNCHALLENGING/MONOTONY WORK-LIFE BALANCE FRICTION WITH BOSS 18% Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 9

MANAGING YOUR TEAMS WELL IS KEY TO WINNING ( AND KEEPING ) TECH TALENT The tech industry’s notably low unemployment rate has created some issues for employers, especially when it comes to locking down highly specialized tech talent. Simply put, there aren’t enough machine-learning specialists and IT security experts (to name two particularly in-demand roles) to go around. is straightforward: manage your teams well. Among those tech professionals who anticipate changing employers this year, some 68% indicated that they would do so to secure higher compensation — just ahead of those interested in better working conditions (47%) and more responsibility (34%). With that in mind, what’s the best way for employers to attract and retain tech talent, beyond simply offering more money? The answer, in broadest terms, In addition to fears over losing their current position or finding a job that matched their skill-set, tech professionals also expressed concern over keeping MOTIVATORS WHAT WAS THE PRIMARY MOTIVATOR YOUR EMPLOYER PROVIDED YOU IN 2018? 17% 10% More interesting or challenging work PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYERS PROVIDING MOTIVATORS TO RETAIN TALENT. 4% 15% Increased compensation 3% Promotion or new title 59 61 2010 2011 % % Flexible work location/work remote Training and certification courses 10% 2% Flexible work hours High-level recognition 67% 66% 66% 67% 70% 71% 73% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 10

their skills up-to-date, not getting promoted and increased workloads. When they suffer burnout, they blame a lack of interesting work and high-level recognition (among other reasons). Taken individually, these fears and desires seem like a pretty diverse group. However, they all share one thing in common: managers can affect all of them. For example, a team leader can identify which tech staff crave more responsibility, and ensure they’re properly stimulated with new projects; at the same time, they can ensure that any stressed-out members of the team have an adjusted workload or more interesting work. Training and Certification: A Key Differentiator (for Some) Many tech professionals want training and certification courses. For employers, the benefits of offering education are twofold: Not only does it make employees happier and more skilled, but it creates an in-house pool of talent that might otherwise prove difficult to recruit from the outside. Those employees who expressed satisfaction with their employer were more likely to have training opportunities than those who weren’t satisfied, Dice’s Salary Survey found. Yet employers generally didn’t seem to prize this “perk” as highly; although some 71% of tech professionals rated training and education as “important,” only 40% said they had access to educational opportunities through their employer (a 31% gap). While company access to remote work and flexible schedules, stock programs, 401(k) participation and paid sick leave all lagged well behind the percentage of tech professionals who thought such things were important, educational opportunities represented the largest such gap. Employers aren’t using training as a motivator either. Of the tech professionals who were offered some kind of motivator by their employers in 2018, training and certification ranked sixth (at 3%), behind increased compensation, working remotely, flexible hours, more challenging work and promotions. The Challenges of Training It’s easy to see why the concept of educating tech professionals could intimidate some employers — training can seem like a huge, long-term investment CERTIFICATIONS DO YOU HAVE A CERTIFICATION? 47% 24% 29% Yes No, not needed for my role No, other reasons NEARLY HALF OF TECH PROFESSIONALS HAVE A CERTIFICATION, BUT OF THOSE WHO DON'T, 30% CITE TIME CONSTRAINTS OR THAT THEIR EMPLOYER DOESN'T PAY FOR THEM. with an uncertain payoff. But no matter their size or resources, most employers can figure out a way to meet employees’ needs on that front. For example, some companies may opt to hire instructors to teach certain skills within the office, while others might contract with an online-learning institution to tutor a specific team on specialized technology. There’s the option to pay for individuals’ classes, as well as their certifications. That’s not to say that every tech professional wants a certification. Over half told Dice they don’t have any certifications. Most of those without certifications (45%) said they were not needed for their role. Some 16% said they didn’t think certifications would be valuable. But 15% said their company didn’t pay for certifications, and 15% said they didn’t have the time to earn one; that’s a significant percentage of employees potentially open to obtaining this benefit, which in turn might boost their morale and, ultimately, their retention rates. There’s a lot of uncertainty in tech. A company riding high on a great product can just as quickly find its fortunes dashed by a competitor; a recession can squeeze off venture funding; or a manager could lose out on the hire who could revitalize a team. Fortunately, it’s clear that the things employees care about are often within the employers’ purview to actually control — provided managers listen and respond appropriately. Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 11

TOP-PAYING TECH SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE SKILL Golang Kafka Amazon DynamoDB Amazon Redshift Cassandra Elasticsearch RabbitMQ MapReduce PaaS (Platform as a Service) HANA (High Performance Analytical Application) Cloudera Amazon Redis NoSQL Solr SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) CMMI HBase Artificial Intelligence Containers Amazon Route 53 Zookeeper Hadoop JUnit Gradle JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Docker SOX (Sarbanes Oxley) Mockito PMBok (Project Management Body of Knowledge) Vagrant Puppet Informatica Hive Cloud Foundry Jenkins RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) Big Data Teradata Sybase Postgres XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) Kanban Confluence EMC Documentum IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) ISO 27000 TOAD (Tool for Application Development) Korn Shell Ansible JBoss Waterfall REST (Representational State Transfer) 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 132,827 127,554 125,609 125,090 124,152 123,933 123,777 123,001 122,967 122,907 122,753 122,592 122,504 122,447 122,312 120,946 120,823 120,709 120,311 120,091 120,007 119,864 118,956 118,819 N/A 4.3% 1.3% 0.4% 1.1% -0.6% 5.3% -1.9% -3.3% 3.7% -1.2% 4.4% 5.8% 2.7% -0.7% -2.4% 2.3% N/A N/A 1.0% 3.6% 1.1% 5.0% 7.6% 118,694 118,651 118,543 118,198 118,165 118,144 117,632 117,411 117,363 117,224 117,160 116,910 116,093 115,752 115,642 115,615 115,327 115,239 115,142 115,120 114,884 114,832 114,742 114,718 114,431 114,380 114,300 114,136 2.3% 2.4% -1.0% 5.9% -3.3% 6.5% 9.1% 0.8% 1.1% -3.2% 3.7% 6.7% 0.2% 4.5% -1.3% 5.5% 2.4% 1.2% 4.3% -3.4% -6.3% -7.1% 4.5% 0.3% 4.1% 2.6% 0.4% 4.4% SKILL JDE (JD Edwards) Change Management Scrum Splunk Rally Amazon CloudFront Spark ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) Machine Learning Groovy ETL Testing JMeter SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) Mongo DB FCoE (Fibre Channel Over Ethernet) Jetty LoadRunner Tutorial Amazon S3/AWS (Simple Cloud Storage Service) NUnit Lean NumPy JIRA MicroStrategy UML (Unified Modeling Language) JAX-RS (Java API RestFUL Services) Oozie OpenStack Pure Storage Agile Tomcat Balsamiq Weblogic Nginx Perl Chef Angular Load Balancers Business Intelligence Solaris Hibernate Spring Framework MariaDB Shell GIT EMC Cognos Agile Testing SOAP Websphere Selenium SoapUI Oracle eBusiness 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 114,002 113,925 113,699 113,690 113,543 113,459 113,291 113,259 113,093 113,009 112,750 112,740 112,732 112,572 112,527 112,507 112,397 4.9% 1.5% 2.2% -0.8% 2.2% -0.8% -1.1% 0.1% N/A 1.9% 0.3% 3.6% -0.4% 4.6% 0.8% -5.6% -4.7% 112,354 112,344 112,277 112,181 111,781 111,577 111,501 111,447 111,353 111,232 111,171 111,131 111,116 110,900 110,828 110,793 110,678 110,599 110,505 110,395 110,249 110,127 109,872 109,701 109,672 109,518 109,484 109,419 109,419 109,415 109,389 109,389 109,210 109,123 108,986 1.6% N/A -1.8% 6.3% 2.9% -4.3% -2.0% -2.8% -0.5% -3.9% -8.7% 1.6% 1.0% 0.6% -1.0% 1.7% -2.7% -3.1% 7.1% -1.2% 2.2% -4.5% 0.3% N/A 7.3% 4.0% N/A -4.2% -1.0% 2.7% 1.4% 0.0% 4.5% 3.4% 1.1% Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 12

SKILL ERP Cucumber Cloud Computing Fibre Channel ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) JSON JSP (JavaServer Pages) Data Warehouse Disaster Recovery SaaS (Software as a Service) BASH (Bourne Again Shell) R XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) SSIS (SQL Server Integration Services) AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) Lucidchart NetApp Microsoft Team Foundation Server Omnigraffle WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) Tableau DB2 Hitachi BABOK (Business Analysis Body of Knowledge) Data Science MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) HL7 (Health Level 7) Six Sigma Oracle DB Linux PCI (Payment Card Industry) Node.js Unix ALM/Quality Center (Application Lifecycle Mgmt.) Java/J2EE Rackspace XML (eXtensible Markup Language) Blockchain SAN (Storage Area Network) EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Fortran ReactJS Azure C 3Par Test Management IIS (Internet Information Systems) SDN (Software Defined Network) Informix Apache Web Server TypeScript Python Augmented Reality Visio 2018 YR/YR CHANGE SKILL 2018 108,924 108,773 108,449 108,412 108,388 108,379 108,304 108,270 108,239 108,165 108,034 107,873 107,842 107,805 107,666 107,578 107,408 107,308 107,061 0.0% 3.2% -2.1% -3.1% -1.1% 4.2% 0.8% -0.9% -0.2% 0.4% 1.7% 1.8% 2.2% N/A -4.4% 4.3% -5.7% 3.7% -12.1% Workday Siebel BugZilla SQLite T-SQL (Transact SQL) Unified Communication Manual Testing z/OS ServiceNow Virtualization Compellent Ajax BMC Remedy Matlab Tivoli QA (Quality Assurance) Ruby Database Testing VMWare ESXi (Elastic Sky X Integrated) 106,798 106,737 106,599 106,421 106,281 106,008 105,863 105,829 105,794 105,747 105,568 105,479 105,418 105,267 105,217 105,164 104,782 104,713 104,634 104,509 104,463 104,430 104,418 104,349 104,247 104,121 104,045 104,032 103,947 103,844 103,826 103,680 103,587 103,551 103,531 -0.8% -0.5% 0.1% -6.4% 0.3% -2.1% -1.4% 0.0% -1.5% -0.8% 2.7% -4.8% 3.7% -0.5% -2.6% 2.6% -7.1% 1.6% N/A 0.0% -6.6% -7.4% N/A -1.8% -3.0% -9.3% -3.4% 2.3% -9.6% -10.7% 0.4% 1.7% 0.4% N/A -1.3% Data Analysis Telepresence Swift Wan Opt MS SQL C# Glassfish Salesforce.com SAP Heroku SQL CPOE (Computerized Physician Order Entry) Sun Juniper Objective-C Box QTP (QuickTest Professional) NAS (Network-Attached Storage) HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) Snagit CRM (Customer Relationship Management) VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) vCloud Web App Firewall MySQL HP ALM (Application Lifecycle Management) SQL Server Cyber Security KVM (Kernal-based Virtual Machine) Metro Ethernet FreeBSD Mobile Testing IBM Mainframe Infosphere Data Stage VSAM (Virtual Storage Access Method) YR/YR CHANGE 103,322 103,301 103,160 103,153 103,090 103,046 103,039 103,005 102,960 102,818 102,616 102,554 102,353 102,198 102,172 102,088 102,086 102,013 -2.1% -5.1% -5.1% 3.7% 0.1% -5.3% 0.2% -1.2% N/A -1.2% -6.2% 2.2% 0.3% 6.7% -3.9% -0.2% -1.2% -3.6% 102,006 101,989 101,823 101,631 101,622 101,614 101,566 101,538 101,499 101,388 101,376 101,120 100,816 100,745 100,697 100,684 100,669 100,631 100,608 100,539 100,325 100,317 100,233 100,218 100,078 100,040 99,996 99,768 99,746 99,711 99,675 99,665 99,498 99,449 99,424 99,215 1.3% -0.2% -1.6% 3.2% -3.6% 0.1% 1.8% -5.2% -1.5% -4.6% 7.8% 1.3% N/A -8.6% 1.0% -7.5% 3.0% -3.1% 0.3% 1.2% 0.0% -2.8% 2.5% -2.9% -1.4% 1.1% -0.1% 1.0% 0.9% -4.0% -1.8% -3.3% 2.4% -4.9% -8.7% -9.3% NOTE: Several new tech skills were added to the 2018 survey, therefore, yr/yr change is not available. Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 13

TOP INDUSTRIES BY SALARY 100,000 Aerospace & Defense 90,000 109,698 Professional Services Telecommunications Computer Hardware Government 5.4% 99,466 97,702 96,309 92,135 YR/YR CHANGE: -0.3% YR/YR CHANGE: 2.5% YR/YR CHANGE: 0.0% YR/YR CHANGE: -1.3% YR/YR CHANGE: 80,000 Utilities/Energy 106,780 YR/YR CHANGE: 6.1% Bank/Financial/Insurance 105,170 Manufacturing Healthcare Providers Consumer Products Internet Services 91,634 91,562 88,476 88,238 YR/YR CHANGE: 1.3% YR/YR CHANGE: 3.6% YR/YR CHANGE: -7.3% YR/YR CHANGE: -2.3% YR/YR CHANGE: -3.1% 70,000 Entertainment Media 103,608 YR/YR CHANGE: 9.6% Retail/ E-Commerce Marketing/ Advertising Transportation/ Logistics Distributor/ Wholesale 80,580 80,320 78,162 76,716 YR/YR CHANGE: -4.4% YR/YR CHANGE: -3.8% YR/YR CHANGE: -9.6% YR/YR CHANGE: -4.2% 60,000 Computer Software 102,739 YR/YR CHANGE: 5.9% Medical/Pharmaceutical /Biotechnology 100,539 YR/YR CHANGE: Construction/ Home Building Hospitality/ Travel Non-Profit Education 74,547 73,859 71,911 68,586 YR/YR CHANGE: N/A YR/YR CHANGE: -9.2% YR/YR CHANGE: -3.1% YR/YR CHANGE: -2.2% 0.0% Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report 14

SALARY BY STATE STATE AL* AK* AZ AR* CA CO CT DE* DC FL GA HI* ID* 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 86,071 160,528 90,704 78,504 105,953 95,543 89,796 86,838 102,394 86,139 84,471 76,784 92,544 12.8% 71.1% 0.1% -8.2% 1.4% 1.0% -9.1% -22.6% 7.2% 3.9% -5.8% -4.7% 4.5% STATE IL IN IA* KS* KY* LA* ME* MD MA MI MN MS* MO 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 92,447 83,773 78,483 80,187 77,490 82,203 67,907 94,015 103,260 84,642 99,191 67,645 81,060 1.4% 9.8% -10.0% -3.2% -4.0% 2.3% -12.1% -5.5% -2.6% 5.8% 3.3% 7.7% -1.6% 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 69,582 82,284 96,225 106,357 101,459 92,905 98,219 89,555 84,909 80,723 75,429 96,928 89,721 -8.8% -6.5% 24.3% 19.3% 2.9% 0.2% -6.6% 5.6% 7.3% -3.2% -5.9% 6.5% 0.6% STATE MT* NE* NV* NH* NJ NM* NY NC ND* OH OK* OR PA 2018 YR/YR CHANGE 78,285 85,306 62,544 89,722 89,277 82,323 82,616 101,935 101,704 61,834 82,025 113,746 5.4% 6.6% 20.5% 13.1% -1.4% -5.4% 0.4% 4.4% 4.0% -9.3% -7.6% 46.2% STATE RI* SC SD* TN TX UT VT* VA WA WV* WI WY* * Sample size less than 100 respondents, therefore, not statistically valid, but presented for continuity purposes only. SALARY BY LEVEL SALARY BY EXPERIENCE SALARY YEARS SALARY YR/YR CHANGE 2.7% 2.5% 2.3% Under 1 57,541 Head of a Department 121,324 Manager of a Group of Teams 120,190 Team Lead 103,708 Member of a Team 81,771 Work Independently 83,184 Over 15 113,503 1–2 58,755 3–5 69,671 6–10 82,094 11–15 96,421 -0.4% -0.1% 1.1% Dice Salary Survey Methodology The Dice salary survey was administered online by Dice.com, with 10,780 employed technology professionals responding between October 22, 2018 and December 13, 2018. Respondents were invited to participate in the survey in several ways: 1) via an email invitation to Dice's registered database members, 2) through a notification on the Dice.com website pages and/or via site intercept invitations within the site to visitors and 3) via banner ads on the Dice.com site. A cookie methodology was used to ensure that there was no duplication of responses between or within the various sample groups, and duplicate responses from a single email address were removed. Technology professionals earning salaries of 350,000 and above were not automatically eliminated from the survey if they met other criteria. About Dice Dice is a leading tech career hub connecting employers with skilled technology professionals and providing tech professionals with career opportunities, data, insights and advice. Established in 1990, Dice began as one of the first career sites and today provides a comprehensive suite of recruiting solutions, empowering companies and recruiters to make informed hiring decisions. Dice serves multiple markets throughout North America. www.dice.com Dice is a DHI Group, Inc. (NYSE:DHX) service. 1.877.386.3323 Dice 2019 Tech Salary Report EMPLOYER 15

OF THE 45% OF TECH PROFESSIONALS THAT ANTICIPATE CHANGING EMPLOYERS IN 2019, HERE'S WHY: 47%Better working conditions AVERAGE SALARY 84,516 68%Higher compensation AVERAGE SALARY 80,925 18%Shorter commute AVERAGE SALARY 83,751 34%More responsibility AVERAGE SALARY 85,144 13%Relocation AVERAGE SALARY 81,192 22%Anticipate losing current position

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