Smart Mobility Hubs (SMH) Concept Of Operations
Smart Mobility Hubs (SMH) Concept of Operations for the Smart Columbus Demonstration Program FINAL REPORT July 30, 2018
Produced by City of Columbus Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The U.S. Government is not endorsing any manufacturers, products, or services cited herein and any trade name that may appear in the work has been included only because it is essential to the contents of the work. Acknowledgement of Support This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation under Agreement No. DTFH6116H00013. Disclaimer Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction . 1 1.1. Project Scope . 2 1.2. Geographic Scope. 2 1.3. Project Relationship to System of Systems. 4 1.4. Smart Mobility Hubs System Overview . 5 1.4.1. Smart Mobility Hubs Facility . 6 1.5. Smart Columbus Projects Associated with HUBS . 8 1.5.1. Operating System . 8 1.5.2. Multimodal Trip Planning Application/Common Payment System . 8 1.6. HUBS Stakeholders. 9 1.6.1. The City of Columbus . 9 1.6.2. Central Ohio Transit Authority . 9 1.6.3. Columbus Emergency Dispatch Center . 9 1.6.4. Metro Library – Linden Branch . 9 1.6.5. St. Stephen’s Community House . 9 1.6.6. Columbus State Community College . 10 1.6.7. Developer . 10 1.6.8. Mobility Providers . 10 Chapter 2. References .11 2.1. Stakeholder Engagement Summary Interviews . 12 Chapter 3. Current System . 15 3.1. Background and Objectives . 15 3.1.1. Central Ohio Transit Authority CMAX . 16 3.1.2. Central Ohio Transit Authority Transit Centers and Park-and-Ride Facilities . 17 3.1.3. Central Ohio Transit Authority Passenger Wi-Fi. 19 3.1.4. City of Columbus Emergency Dispatch Center . 19 3.2. Operational Policies and Constraints . 20 3.3. Modes of Operation. 20 3.4. Users Classes of the Current System . 21 Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report Smart Columbus Program i
Table of Contents Chapter 4. Justification and Nature of Changes . 23 4.1. Justification for Changes . 23 4.2. Description of Desired Changes . 26 4.3. Priorities Among Changes. 30 4.4. Changes Considered but Not Included. 31 Chapter 5. Concept for the New System. 33 5.1. Background, Objectives and Scope . 33 5.1.1. Operational Policies and Constraints . 33 5.1.2. Description of Proposed System . 34 5.1.3. Methodology for Site Selection . 35 5.1.4. Proposed Smart Mobility Hub Locations . 37 5.1.5. Proposed Smart Mobility Hub Facilities . 38 5.2. Modes of Operation. 40 5.3. User Classes and Other Involved Personnel . 41 5.4. Support Environment . 42 5.5. Security and Privacy . 42 Chapter 6. Operational Scenarios . 43 Chapter 7. Summary of Impacts . 55 7.1. Operational Impacts . 55 7.2. Organizational Impacts. 55 7.3. Impacts During Development . 56 Chapter 8. Analysis of Multimodal Trip Planning App . 57 8.1. Summary of Improvements . 57 8.2. Disadvantages and Limitations. 57 8.3. Alternatives and Trade-Offs Considered . 57 Chapter 9. Notes . 59 Appendix A. Stakeholder Engagement Summary . 61 Appendix B. Acronyms and Definitions. 67 Appendix C. Glossary. 69 ii Smart Columbus Program Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report
Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1: References . 11 Table 2: Meetings . 12 Table 3: Existing Central Ohio Transit Authority Facilities Features . 18 Table 4: Operational Policies and Constraints of the Current System . 20 Table 5: Modes of Operation for Current System . 20 Table 6: User Classes of the Current System . 21 Table 7: Beneficial Locations for Smart Mobility Hubs Deployment . 24 Table 8: Justification for Changes . 25 Table 9: Desired Changes . 26 Table 10: User Needs . 27 Table 11: Priority Among Changes . 30 Table 12: Operational Policies and Constraints of Proposed System . 34 Table 13: Expected Interfaces of Proposed System . 34 Table 14: Proposed Functionality by Smart Mobility Hub Facility . 38 Table 15: Modes of Operation . 40 Table 16: Proposed System Users . 41 Table 17: UC1-S1 – Smart Mobility Hub Traveler Uses Interactive Kiosk to Schedule Trip . 44 Table 18: UC1-S2 – Degraded Conditions – Kiosk Out of Service . 46 Table 19: UC2-S1 – Emergency Call Button Activation . 49 Table 20: UC3-S1 – Traveler Parks EV at Park and Ride to Schedule Bike-Share at Smart Mobility Hub Facility . 51 Table 21: Summary of Improvements . 57 Table 22: Acronyms List . 67 Table 23: Glossary of Terms. 69 List of Figures Figure 1: Cleveland Avenue Corridor . 3 Figure 2: System of Systems Context Diagram . 5 Figure 3: HUBS High-Level Context Diagram . 6 Figure 4: Pedestal and Wall Mounted Kiosks (Deployed). 7 Figure 5: Central Ohio Transit Authority CMAX Service Stops . 17 Figure 6: Examples of Central Ohio Transit Authority Park-and-Ride and Transit Facilities . 18 Figure 7: Outreach Survey Results for Preferred Kiosk Functions at Smart Mobility Hubs . 24 Figure 8: Proposed System Context Diagram . 35 Figure 9: Proposed Smart Mobility Hubs Locations . 37 Figure 10: Columbus Partnership Prototype Kiosk . 39 Figure 11: UC1-S1 – Smart Mobility Hub Traveler Uses Interactive Kiosk to Schedule Trip . 43 Figure 12: UC1-S2 – Degraded Conditions – Kiosk Out of Service . 46 Figure 13: UC2-S1 – Emergency Call Button Activation . 49 Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report Smart Columbus Program iii
Table of Contents Figure 14: UC3-S1 – Traveler Parks EV at Park and Ride to Schedule Bike-Share at Smart Mobility Hub Facility . 51 Figure 15: Outreach Survey – Participant Cell Phone Ownership . 62 Figure 16: Outreach Survey – Travel Payment Method . 62 Figure 17: Outreach Survey – Preferred Multimodal Trip Planning Application/Common Payment System Alerts and Notifications . 63 Figure 18: Outreach Survey – Helpful Transportation Features . 63 Figure 19: Outreach Survey – Potential Mobility Hub Sites . 64 Figure 20: Outreach Survey – Accessing Smart Mobility Hub Facility . 65 Figure 21: Outreach Survey – Preferred Kiosk Functions . 66 iv Smart Columbus Program Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report
Chapter 1. Introduction This Concept of Operations (ConOps) serves as the first in a series of engineering documents describing the development of the Smart Mobility Hubs (HUBS) project as part of the City of Columbus “Smart Columbus” program. The goal of the Smart Columbus program is to connect people by creating opportunity for City residents to better access jobs and services while improving the overall safety and efficiency of the transportation network. The HUBS will provide access to resources at chosen areas of community focus (transit stops, libraries, community centers) that will provide improved mobility for those in the areas around the HUBS. These could include real-time information kiosks with Wi-Fi access points; USB charging points; embedded touch screen displays with access to trip planning, emergency calling and other applications; and dynamic information displays. The HUBS locations will also have multimodal resources like bike-share racks and car-share parking. The HUBS project supports the broader Smart Columbus goals by deploying HUBS along Cleveland Avenue and through the Linden neighborhood, an underserved area northeast of downtown Columbus. Goals of the HUBS project include increasing the effectiveness of the existing transit options (COTA) by increasing available mobility modes, particularly for first/last mile situations, at HUBS locations and providing access to enhanced trip planning and payment options through use of the Multimodal Trip Planning Application and Common Payment System (MMTPA/CPS). The purpose of the ConOps is to convey a high-level view of the system to be deployed. This document bridges early project motivations with the eventual technical requirements. The ConOps is implementation independent and establishes the foundation of the project by focusing on the functionality of the proposed systems. It communicates the users’ needs and expectations for the proposed systems which will help build consensus and focus the vision of the system moving forward. The document is structured in accordance with IEEE Standard 1362-1998. Below is a brief description of each section in this document. Chapter 1 provides a document overview. Chapter 2 identifies all documents referenced and interviews conducted in developing this document. Chapter 3 describes the current and supporting systems and the problem(s) to be addressed. Chapter 4 describes the features that motivate the project’s development. Chapter 5 provides a high-level description of the proposed system resulting from the features described in Chapter 4. Chapter 6 describes how the project is envisioned to operate from various perspectives. Chapter 7 describes the impacts the project will have on the stakeholders, users and system owners/operators. Chapter 8 provides an analysis of the impacts presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 9 includes additional information to aid in the understanding of this ConOps. Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report Smart Columbus Program 1
Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. PROJECT SCOPE The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) has pledged 40 million to Columbus, Ohio, as the winner of the Smart City Challenge. With this funding, Columbus intends to define what it means to be a “Smart City” and serve as a model for other cities wishing to fully integrate innovative technologies, such as self-driving cars, connected vehicles and smart sensors, into the transportation network. Columbus is acting as a laboratory for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and disseminating lessons learned and best practices to cities across the United States in an effort known as Smart Columbus. The goal of the Smart Columbus project is to connect people by creating opportunity for City residents to better access jobs and services while improving the overall safety and efficiency of the transportation network. The goal of the Smart Columbus project is both exciting and ambitious given the four-year implementation time frame, which began in summer 2016. The Smart Columbus program is comprised of nine individual projects covering three themes. HUBS is one of five projects that was organized for application purposes around the enhanced human services, with the ultimate intent to be deployed throughout Columbus. The purpose of the HUBS project is to deploy transportation facilities that provide travelers with consolidated transportation amenities such as interactive kiosks, provide access to comprehensive trip-planning tools (via MMTPA/CPS) and real-time transportation information, and are designed to accommodate multiple modes of transit from a single location including bike-share, car-share and mobility providers. These services are particularly useful in the completion of first mile/last mile (FMLM) and multimodal trip options. 1.2. GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE The geographic scope of the proposed HUBS project deployment includes the Cleveland Avenue corridor coinciding with COTA’s Bus Rapid Transit (CMAX) service and the Easton commercial district, providing those in the Linden area better access to jobs and services in the Easton and Downtown Columbus Commercial districts. Six initial HUBS deployment locations, shown in Figure 1: Cleveland Avenue Corridor were selected based on user feedback and surveys: St. Stephen’s Community House Easton Transit Center Columbus State Community College Northern Lights Park and Ride Easton Transit Center Metro Library – Linden Branch 2 Smart Columbus Program Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report
Chapter 1. Introduction 270 71 Morse Rd Transit Center Northern Lights Transit Center 270 Metro Library St Stephen’s Community House 670 Linden Transit Center 670 Columbus State Community College CMAX Route 70 Linden Area Source: City of Columbus Figure 1: Cleveland Avenue Corridor Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report Smart Columbus Program 3
Chapter 1. Introduction Linden is a high-opportunity Columbus neighborhood in need of economic improvement. Linden was chosen as the first neighborhood district for its numerous socio-economic challenges, including low household income, lack of major employers and high infant mortality rates. These problems are compounded by the lack of access to transportation options. Despite proximity to the central core of the City, basic services such as healthcare, grocery stores and banking are scarce within its boundaries. Many residents are transit-reliant yet planning and completing a trip to access employment and services can be challenging, particularly for parents with young children, seniors and travelers with disabilities. There are also many FMLM challenges in the district. Easton is a high-traffic retail destination and jobs center. Located in the northeast part of Columbus, the Easton area is a mixed-use environment consisting of retail, dining, commercial office space, warehousing and residential units accessed primarily by light-duty vehicles and some bus service operating along the fringes of the area. While a major employment center, the jobs are typically low paying and have a high rate of turnover. Research has demonstrated that a major contributor to the instability in these types of jobs is the lack of reliable transportation as well as FMLM challenges related to safety and mobility. Meanwhile, current traffic volumes in the area, particularly during peak times, have caused roadway capacity concerns. Adding an additional freeway exit to support the present volume would be costly and could increase harmful emissions. There are opportunities to improve mobility and reduce emissions through a reduction in single occupancy vehicles and/or enhanced existing transit service. 1.3. PROJECT RELATIONSHIP TO SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS The Smart Columbus program contains interrelated systems that work together to create a System of Systems (SoS). Both real-time and archived data is maintained in the Operating System for use by other Smart Columbus projects and future applications. The SoS provides Smart Applications (Apps), Smart Vehicles, and Smart infrastructure to travelers in the Columbus area. The Operating System enables the SoS to share data with many other internal and external systems to provide the framework for the services provided. Figure 2: System of Systems Context Diagram shows the relationship of the SoS to the external travelers and systems and highlights those systems or elements that are affected by the HUBS. The Smart Infrastructure element contains the roadside units (RSUs), hubs, and corresponding network that enable interactions between these items and the Operating System. Smart Vehicles include the on-board units (OBUs) that will be installed in vehicles and include various vehicle types. Smart Applications include the software-oriented solutions that will deliver other Smart Columbus project capabilities such as multimodal trip planning, common payment, prenatal trip assistance, etc. The Operating System is the repository for all performance data from the Smart Infrastructure and Smart Vehicles, as well as the shared services platform that allow the Smart Applications to be directly integrated. 4 Smart Columbus Program Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report
Chapter 1. Introduction Source: City of Columbus Figure 2: System of Systems Context Diagram The HUBS is a smart infrastructure component of the SoS that will incorporate the functions of other Smart Columbus systems like CEAV, public Wi-Fi and MMTPA/CPS along with data from other agencies including COTA and other mobility providers. 1.4. SMART MOBILITY HUBS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Figure 3: High Level Context Diagram shows the relationship between the HUBS and the Operating System, and new and existing systems. The HUBS is the system of interest and establishes both a physical location for the traveler to access multimodal transportation options as well as Wi-Fi and an interactive kiosk for travelers to access the MMTPA/CPS for comprehensive trip planning tools. Trip data through the HUBS facilities including preferred transit mode and origin/destination will be collected through the MMTPA and saved to the Operating System where it will be available to users at the City of Columbus and third-party users for reports and analysis. Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report Smart Columbus Program 5
Chapter 1. Introduction Source: City of Columbus Figure 3: HUBS High-Level Context Diagram 1.4.1. Smart Mobility Hubs Facility The HUBS Facility is the physical site that consolidates the amenities of the HUBS System, which include interactive kiosk, real-time information displays, pick-up areas and parking spaces for mobility providers and all other systems described in Figure 3. Individual HUBS facilities will vary in size, configuration and available services. The following are descriptions of components that may be available at a HUBS facility: 1.4.1.1. Interactive Kiosk Traveler interactive kiosks will be installed on free standing pylons at HUBS facilities. These kiosks will display real-time transit related information and provide an embedded touch screen display to serve as a direct interface between travelers and the MMTPA/CPS, providing the traveler the ability to plan, schedule and pay for trips using multimodal options available at the HUBS facility, along with additional information and instruction such as directing the traveler to a Transportation Network Company (TNC) pickup location. An Emergency Call Button with Speakers and a microphone will be available for interactive communications to customer service and emergency facilities. Figure 4: Pedestal and Wall Mounted Kiosks (Deployed) is a graphical illustration of interactive kiosks currently in operation elsewhere in the country. 6 Smart Columbus Program Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report
Chapter 1. Introduction Source: City of Columbus Figure 4: Pedestal and Wall Mounted Kiosks (Deployed) 1.4.1.2. Wi-Fi HUBS facilities will be equipped with public Wi-Fi that will allow a traveler to access the MMTPA/CPS and other transportation information on his or her personal wireless device. 1.4.1.3. Park and Ride Designated parking spaces will be available at select HUBS locations and allow a traveler the option to complete a segment of his or her trip using a personal vehicle and parking at HUBS facility, where he or she can utilize the HUBS amenities to continue his or her trip using alternate modes of transportation. 1.4.1.4. Electric Vehicle Charging Electric vehicle charging stations will be available at some HUBS locations based on the ongoing electrification study by the City of Columbus through the Vulcan grant. Although charging infrastructure will be installed through a separate project, it is being included within the HUBS ConOps to ensure proper provisions, such as designated parking areas, are set aside during deployment of the HUBS facilities. 1.4.1.5. USB Charging Powered USB ports will be available at the HUBS location to allow travelers to recharge personal electronic devices like cellular phones, tablets, and other wireless devices while planning a trip or waiting for transportation services. 1.4.1.6. Emergency Call Button Kiosks will include an emergency call button that, when activated, will send notification of the help request directly to the 911 emergency call center operated by the City of Columbus and initiate an audio Smart Mobility Hubs Concept of Operations – Final Report Smart Columbus Program 7
Chapter 1. Introduction connection between the distressed traveler and an operator at the emergency call center. This may be a separate button or an option on the interactive kiosk. 1.4.1.7. Interactive Voice Response Kiosks will include capability to connect to an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system that will allow travelers to interact with the MMTPA and trip planning tools through use of voice commands. The IVR system is a function of the MMTPA project and where it is described in greater detail. 1.4.1.8. Real-Time Data Display Real-Time Data Displays will be present at HUBS facilities and will post current transit information, public notifications and other information on kiosk displays and/or on other display monitors at some existing facilities. 1.4.1.9. Personal Wireless Device A personal wireless device such as a cell phone or tablet may be used at HUBS facilities to access the MMTPA via public Wi-Fi or through a personal data plan. Wi-Fi access may include the development of a HUBS home webpage that displays or provides links to real-time information that will be dis
network. The goal of the Smart Columbus project is both exciting and ambitious given the four-year implementation time frame, which began in summer 2016. The Smart Columbus program is comprised of nine individual projects covering three themes. HUBS is
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