Oracle Database Backup And Recovery Users Guide
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide 18c E83709-03 February 2021
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide, 18c E83709-03 Copyright 2003, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Primary Author: Padmaja Potineni Contributors: K. Weill, L. Ashdown, T. Bednar, A. Beldalker, T. Chien, M. Dilman, S. Fogel, R. Guzman, S. Haisley, W. Hu, A. Hwang, A. Joshi, V. Krishnaswamy, J. W. Lee, V. Moore, M. Olagappan, V. Panteleenko, S. Ranganathan, F. Sanchez, V. Srihari, M. Susairaj, M. Stewart, S. Wertheimer, W. Yang, R. Zijlstra This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" or "commercial computer software documentation" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, reproduction, duplication, release, display, disclosure, modification, preparation of derivative works, and/or adaptation of i) Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs), ii) Oracle computer documentation and/or iii) other Oracle data, is subject to the rights and limitations specified in the license contained in the applicable contract. The terms governing the U.S. Government’s use of Oracle cloud services are defined by the applicable contract for such services. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government. This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Intel and Intel Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Epyc, and the AMD logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle.
Contents Preface Audience xxxiv Documentation Accessibility xxxiv Related Documentation xxxiv Conventions xxxv Changes in This Release for Backup and Recovery User's Guide Changes in Oracle Database Release 18c, Version 18.1 xxxvi Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) xxxvii Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) xl Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1) xl Part I 1 Overview of Backup and Recovery Introduction to Backup and Recovery 1.1 Purpose of Backup and Recovery 1-1 1.1.1 About Data Protection 1-2 1.1.2 About Failures that Require Database Recovery 1-3 1.1.3 About Data Archival 1-4 1.1.4 About Data Transfer 1-4 1.2 Oracle Backup and Recovery Solutions 1-5 1.3 Comparison of Oracle Backup Techniques 1-5 1.4 About Oracle Flashback Technology 1-6 1.4.1 Logical Flashback Features 1-7 1.4.2 Flashback Database 1-8 1.5 About Data Recovery Advisor 1-9 1.6 RMAN and Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 1-9 1.6.1 About Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 1-10 1.6.2 Accessing the Database Home Page Using Cloud Control 1-10 1.6.3 Performing Backup and Recovery Tasks with Cloud Control 1-11 iii
1.7 About Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance 1.7.1 1.8 2 Backup and Recovery Documentation Roadmap 1-12 1-12 1.8.1 Recovery Manager Documentation Roadmap 1-14 1.8.2 User-Managed Backup and Recovery Documentation Roadmap 1-14 Getting Started with RMAN 2.1 Overview of the RMAN Environment 2-1 2.2 Starting RMAN and Connecting to a Database: Quick Start 2-2 2.3 Showing the Default RMAN Configuration 2-4 2.4 Backing Up a Database: Quick Start 2-4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.4.1 About Typical RMAN Backup Options 2-5 2.4.2 Backing Up a Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode 2-6 2.4.3 Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode 2-6 2.4.4 Making Incremental Backups: Quick Start 2-7 2.4.5 Making Incrementally Updated Backups 2-8 2.4.6 Validating Database Files and Backups: Quick Start 2-9 2.4.7 Scripting RMAN Operations Reporting on RMAN Operations: Quick Start 2-10 2-10 2.5.1 Listing Backups: Quick Start 2-11 2.5.2 Reporting on Database Files and Backups: Quick Start 2-12 Maintaining RMAN Backups 2-13 2.6.1 Cross-checking Backups: Quick Start 2-13 2.6.2 Deleting Obsolete Backups: Quick Start 2-13 Diagnosing and Repairing Failures with Data Recovery Advisor: Quick Start 2-14 2.7.1 Listing Failures and Determining Repair Options 2-14 2.7.2 Repairing Failures: Quick Start 2-16 2.8 Rewinding a Database with Flashback Database: Quick Start 2-16 2.9 Restoring and Recovering Database Files: Quick Start 2-17 Part II 3 Using RMAN with Recovery Appliance 1-11 2.9.1 Preparing to Restore and Recover Database Files: Quick Start 2-18 2.9.2 Recovering the Whole Database: Quick Start 2-18 2.9.3 Recovering Tablespaces: Quick Start 2-19 2.9.4 Recovering Individual Data Blocks: Quick Start 2-20 Starting and Configuring RMAN and Flashback Database Recovery Manager Architecture 3.1 About the RMAN Environment 3-1 3.2 About RMAN Command-Line Client 3-3 iv
3.3 About RMAN Channels 3.3.1 About RMAN Channels and Devices 3-4 3.3.2 About RMAN Automatic and Manual Channels 3-5 3.4 About the RMAN Repository 3-5 3.5 About Media Management Using RMAN 3-6 3.5.1 About RMAN Interaction with a Media Manager 3-7 3.5.2 About RMAN and Oracle Secure Backup 3-7 3.5.3 About the Backup Solutions Program 3-7 3.6 About the Fast Recovery Area 3-8 3.7 About RMAN in a Data Guard Environment 3-8 3.8 3.7.1 About RMAN Configuration in a Data Guard Environment 3-9 3.7.2 About RMAN File Management in a Data Guard Environment 3-9 3.7.2.1 About Interchangeability of Backups in a Data Guard Environment 3.7.2.2 About Association of Backups in a Data Guard Environment 3-10 3.7.2.3 About Accessibility of Backups in a Data Guard Environment 3-10 About RMAN in a Recovery Appliance Environment 3.8.1 4 3-3 Creating RMAN Backups to Recovery Appliance 3-9 3-11 3-11 Starting and Interacting with the RMAN Client 4.1 Starting and Exiting RMAN 4-1 4.2 Making Database Connections with RMAN 4-2 4.2.1 About RMAN Database Connection Types 4-2 4.2.2 About Authentication for RMAN Database Connections 4-2 4.2.2.1 Authentication Using the Operating System 4-3 4.2.2.2 Authentication Using a Password File 4-4 4.2.3 Making Database Connections from the RMAN Prompt 4-5 4.2.4 Making RMAN Connections to non-CDBs from the Operating System Command Line 4-6 Making RMAN Connections to a CDB 4-8 4.2.5 4.2.5.1 About Performing Operations on CDBs and PDBs 4-8 4.2.5.2 Restrictions When Connected to a PDB 4-9 4.2.5.3 Connecting as Target to the Root 4-9 4.2.5.4 Connecting as Target to a PDB 4-10 4.2.6 Making RMAN Database Connections Within Command Files 4-11 4.2.7 Connecting RMAN to an Auxiliary Database 4-11 4.2.8 Diagnosing RMAN Connection Problems 4-12 4.2.8.1 Diagnosing Target and Auxiliary Database Connection Problems 4-12 4.2.8.2 Diagnosing Recovery Catalog Connection Problems 4-13 4.3 Specifying the Location of RMAN Output 4-13 4.4 Setting Globalization Support Environment Variables for RMAN 4-13 4.5 Entering RMAN Commands 4-14 v
4.6 4.5.1 Entering RMAN Commands at the RMAN Prompt 4-14 4.5.2 Using Command Files with RMAN 4-15 4.5.3 Entering Comments in RMAN Command Files 4-15 4.5.4 Using Substitution Variables in Command Files 4-16 4.5.5 Checking RMAN Syntax 4-17 4.5.5.1 Checking RMAN Syntax at the Command Line 4-17 4.5.5.2 Checking RMAN Syntax in Command Files 4-18 Using the RMAN Pipe Interface 4.6.1 4.6.2 5 4-19 Executing Multiple RMAN Commands in Succession Through a Pipe: Example 4-20 Executing RMAN Commands in a Single Job Through a Pipe: Example 4-21 Configuring the RMAN Environment 5.1 About Configuring the Environment for RMAN Backups 5.1.1 Showing and Clearing Persistent RMAN Configurations 5-2 5.1.2 Configuring the Default Device for Backups: Disk or SBT 5-3 5.1.3 Configuring the Default Type for Backups: Backup Sets or Copies 5-5 5.1.4 Configuring Channels 5-5 5.1.4.1 About Channel Configuration 5-6 5.1.4.2 Configuring Channels for Disk 5-6 5.1.4.3 Configuring Parallel Channels for Disk and SBT Devices 5-7 5.1.4.4 Manually Overriding Configured Channels 5-8 5.1.5 5.2 Configuring Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups 5.1.5.1 Configuring the Control File Autobackup Format 5.1.5.2 Overriding the Configured Control File Autobackup Format Configuring RMAN to Make Backups to a Media Manager 5-9 5-9 5-11 5-11 5.2.1 Prerequisites for Using a Media Manager with RMAN 5-12 5.2.2 Determining the Location of the Media Management Library 5-12 5.2.3 Configuring Media Management Software for RMAN Backups 5-14 5.2.4 Testing Whether the Media Manager Library Is Integrated Correctly 5-14 5.2.4.1 Testing ALLOCATE CHANNEL on the Media Manager 5-15 5.2.4.2 Testing Backup and Restore Operations on the Media Manager 5-16 5.2.5 5.3 5-1 Configuring SBT Channels for Use with a Media Manager 5-17 5.2.5.1 About Media Manager Backup Piece Names 5-17 5.2.5.2 Configuring Automatic SBT Channels 5-18 Configuring RMAN to Make Backups to Recovery Appliance 5-19 5.3.1 Prerequisites for Using Recovery Appliance 5-19 5.3.2 Steps to Configure RMAN for Backups to Recovery Appliance 5-19 5.3.3 Determining the Location of the Recovery Appliance Backup Module 5-20 5.3.4 Specifying Recovery Appliance Configuration Settings for RMAN Backups 5-21 vi
5.4 Configuring the Fast Recovery Area 5.4.1 Overview of Files in the Fast Recovery Area 5.4.1.1 5.4.1.2 5.4.2 5-24 5.4.2.2 Considerations When Setting the Location of the Fast Recovery Area 5-27 Setting the Fast Recovery Area Location and Initial Size 5-27 5.4.3 Disabling the Fast Recovery Area 5-29 5.4.4 Configuring Locations for Control Files and Redo Logs 5-29 5.4.4.1 Configuring Online Redo Log Locations 5-30 5.4.4.2 Configuring Control File Locations 5-30 5.4.4.3 Configuring Archived Redo Log Locations 5-30 Configuring RMAN File Creation in the Fast Recovery Area Configuring the Backup Retention Policy 5-31 5-32 5.5.1 Configuring a Redundancy-Based Retention Policy 5-32 5.5.2 Configuring a Recovery Window-Based Retention Policy 5-33 5.5.3 Disabling the Retention Policy 5-34 Backup Optimization and the CONFIGURE command 5-34 5.6.1 Overview of Backup Optimization 5-34 5.6.2 Effect of Retention Policies on Backup Optimization for SBT Backups 5-36 5.6.3 About Backup Optimization for SBT Backups with Recovery Window Retention Policy 5-36 About Backup Optimization for SBT Backups With Redundancy Retention Policy 5-37 Configuring Backup Optimization Configuring an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy 5.7.1 About Archived Redo Log Deletion Policies 5-38 5-38 5-39 5.7.1.1 When the Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy Is Disabled 5-39 5.7.1.2 When the Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy Is Enabled 5-39 5.7.2 6 5-24 5-26 5.6.2.2 5.8 How Oracle Manages Disk Space in the Fast Recovery Area Considerations When Setting the Size of the Fast Recovery Area 5.6.2.1 5.7 5-23 5.4.2.1 5.4.5 5.6 5-22 Fast Recovery Area with Oracle Managed Files and Automatic Storage Management Enabling the Fast Recovery Area 5.4.2.3 5.5 5-21 Enabling an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy Configuring RMAN in a Data Guard Environment 5-40 5-41 Configuring the RMAN Environment: Advanced Topics 6.1 Configuring Advanced Channel Options 6-1 6.1.1 About Channel Control Options 6-1 6.1.2 Configuring Specific Channel Parameters 6-2 6.1.2.1 Configuring Specific Channels: Examples 6-3 6.1.2.2 Relationship Between CONFIGURE CHANNEL and Parallelism Setting 6-3 vii
6.2 Configuring Advanced Backup Options 6.2.1 Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Sets 6-4 6.2.2 Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Pieces 6-5 6.2.3 Configuring Backup Duplexing 6-6 6.2.4 Configuring Tablespaces for Exclusion from Whole Database Backups 6-7 6.2.5 Configuring Compression Options 6-8 6.2.5.1 About RMAN Precompression Block Processing 6-8 6.2.5.2 About RMAN Supported Compression Levels 6-8 6.2.6 7 6-4 Configuring Backup Encryption 6-10 6.2.6.1 About Backup Encryption 6-10 6.2.6.2 Configuring RMAN Backup Encryption Modes 6-13 6.2.6.3 Configuring the Backup Encryption Algorithm 6-14 6.3 Configuring Auxiliary Instance Data File Names 6-14 6.4 Configuring the Snapshot Control File Location 6-15 6.4.1 Viewing the Configured Location of the Snapshot Control File 6-16 6.4.2 Setting the Location of the Snapshot Control File 6-16 6.5 Configuring RMAN for Use with a Shared Server 6-17 6.6 Enabling Lost Write Detection 6-18 6.7 Enabling Shadow Lost Write Protection 6-19 Using Flashback Database and Restore Points 7.1 Overview of Flashback Database, Restore Points and Guaranteed Restore Points 7.1.1 About Flashback Database 7-2 7.1.2 About Flashback Database Window 7-3 7.1.3 Limitations of Flashback Database 7-3 7.1.4 About Normal Restore Points 7-4 7.1.5 About Guaranteed Restore Points 7-5 7.1.5.1 7.1.6 7.2 7-1 Guaranteed Restore Points versus Storage Snapshots Overview of Restore Points in a Multitenant Environment 7-6 7-6 7.1.6.1 About CDB Restore Points 7-7 7.1.6.2 About Restore Points in PDBs 7-7 7.1.6.3 About the Namespace for PDB Restore Points 7-8 About Logging for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points 7-9 7.2.1 Guaranteed Restore Points and Fast Recovery Area Space Usage 7.2.2 About Logging for Guaranteed Restore Points with Flashback Logging Disabled 7-10 About Logging for Flashback Database with Guaranteed Restore Points Defined 7-11 7.2.3 7-9 7.3 Prerequisites for Flashback Database and Restore Points 7-11 7.4 Using Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points 7-12 viii
7.5 Part III 8 7.4.1 Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points in non-CDBs 7-12 7.4.2 Creating CDB Restore Points 7-13 7.4.3 Creating PDB Restore Points 7-14 7.4.4 Listing Restore Points Using the LIST Command 7-16 7.4.5 Listing Restore Points Using the V RESTORE POINT View 7-17 7.4.6 Dropping Restore Points 7-18 Using Flashback Database 7-19 7.5.1 Enabling Flashback Database 7-19 7.5.2 Disabling Flashback Database Logging 7-20 7.5.3 Configuring the Environment for Optimal Flashback Database Performance 7-20 7.5.4 Monitoring the Effect of Flashback Database on Performance 7-21 7.5.5 About Flashback Writer (RVWR) Behavior with I/O Errors 7-22 Backing Up and Archiving Data RMAN Backup Concepts 8.1 About Consistent and Inconsistent RMAN Backups 8-1 8.1.1 About Consistent RMAN Backups 8-2 8.1.2 About Inconsistent RMAN Backups 8-2 8.2 About Online Backups and Backup Mode 8-2 8.3 About Backup Sets 8-3 8.3.1 About Backup Sets and Backup Pieces 8-4 8.3.2 About RMAN Block Compression for Backup Sets 8-4 8.3.2.1 About Unused Block Compression 8-5 8.3.2.2 About Null Block Compression 8-5 8.3.3 About Binary Compression for RMAN Backup Sets 8-5 8.3.4 About RMAN Backup Undo Optimization 8-6 8.3.5 About Encryption for RMAN Backup Sets 8-6 8.3.6 About File Names for RMAN Backup Pieces 8-6 8.3.7 About Number and Size of RMAN Backup Pieces 8-7 8.3.8 About Number and Size of RMAN Backup Sets 8-8 8.3.9 About Multiplexed RMAN Backup Sets 8-8 8.3.10 8.4 About RMAN Proxy Copies About RMAN Image Copies 8-10 8-11 8.4.1 About RMAN-Created Image Copies 8-11 8.4.2 About User-Managed Image Copies 8-12 8.5 About Sparse Backups 8-13 8.6 About Preplugin Backups 8-14 8.7 About Multiple Copies of RMAN Backups 8-14 ix
8.7.1 About Duplexed Backup Sets 8-14 8.7.2 About Backups of RMAN Backups 8-15 8.8 8.7.2.1 Backups of Backup Sets 8-15 8.7.2.2 Backups of Image Copies 8-16 About RMAN Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups 8.8.1 When RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups 8-17 8.8.2 How RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups 8-18 8.9 About RMAN Incremental Backups 8.9.1 About Multilevel Incremental Backups 8-18 8-19 8.9.1.1 About Differential Incremental Backups 8-20 8.9.1.2 About Cumulative Incremental Backups 8-21 8.9.2 About Block Change Tracking 8-22 8.9.3 About the Incremental Backup Algorithm 8-22 8.9.4 About Recovery with Incremental Backups 8-23 8.9.5 About the Incremental-Forever Backup Strategy for Recovery Appliance 8-23 8.10 9 8-17 About Backup Retention Policies 8-24 8.10.1 About the Recovery Window 8-25 8.10.2 About Backup Redundancy 8-27 8.10.3 About Batch Deletes of Obsolete Backups 8-27 8.10.4 About Backup Retention Policy and Fast Recovery Area Deletion Rules 8-28 Backing Up the Database 9.1 9.2 Overview of RMAN Backups 9.1.1 Purpose of RMAN Backups 9-1 9.1.2 Basic Concepts of RMAN Backups 9-2 Specifying Backup Output Options 9-2 9.2.1 Specifying the Device Type for an RMAN Backup 9-3 9.2.2 Specifying Backup Set or Copy for an RMAN Backup to Disk 9-3 9.2.3 Specifying a Format for RMAN Backups 9-4 9.2.3.1 9.2.4 9.3 9-1 Specifying Multiple Formats for Disk Backups Specifying Tags for an RMAN Backup 9-5 9-6 9.2.4.1 About Backup Tags 9-6 9.2.4.2 Specifying Tags for Backup Sets and Image Copies 9-7 9.2.5 Making Compressed Backups 9-8 9.2.6 Specifying Multisection Incremental Backups 9-8 9.2.7 Making Multisection Backups Using Image Copies Backing Up Database Files with RMAN 9-10 9-11 9.3.1 Backing Up a Whole Database with RMAN 9-11 9.3.2 Backing Up Tablespaces and Data Files with RMAN 9-12 9.3.3 Backing Up Control Files with RMAN 9-13 x
9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.3.3.1 About Manual Backups of the Control File 9-14 9.3.3.2 Making a Manual Backup of the Control File 9-14 9.3.4 Backing Up Server Parameter Files with RMAN 9-16 9.3.5 Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode 9-16 9.3.6 Creating a Preplugin Backup of the Whole Database 9-17 Backing Up CDBs and PDBs 9.4.1 About Backing Up CDBs and PDBs 9-18 9.4.2 Backing Up a Whole CDB 9-19 9.4.3 Backing Up the Root with RMAN 9-20 9.4.4 Backing Up the Root with Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 9-20 9.4.5 Backing Up PDBs with RMAN 9-20 9.4.6 Creating Preplugin Backups of PDBs Using RMAN 9-21 9.4.7 Backing Up PDBs with Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 9-23 9.4.8 Backing Up Tablespaces and Data Files in a PDB 9-23 9.4.9 Example: Creating a Preplugin Backup of a PDB with RMAN 9-24 Backing Up Application Containers 9-25 9.5.1 About Backing Up Application Containers 9-25 9.5.2 Backing Up the Application Root 9-26 9.5.3 Backing Up the Application Root and its Application PDBs 9-27 9.5.4 Backing Up Application PDBs 9-27 Backing Up Sparse Databases with RMAN 9-28 9.6.1 Backing Up a Sparse Database with RMAN 9-28 9.6.2 Backing Up Sparse Tablespaces and Data Files with RMAN 9-29 9.6.3 Backing Up a Sparse CDB with RMAN 9-30 9.6.4 Backing Up a Sparse PDB with RMAN 9-31 Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN 9-32 9.7.1 9.8 9-18 About Backups of Archived Redo Logs for non-CDBs 9-33 9.7.1.1 About Archived Redo Log Failover 9-33 9.7.1.2 About Online Redo Log Switching 9-34 9.7.2 About Backup of Archived Redo Logs in CDBs 9-34 9.7.3 Backing Up Archived Redo Log Files in non-CDBs 9-35 9.7.4 Backing Up Only Archived Redo Logs That Need Backups in non-CDBs 9-35 9.7.5 Backing Up Archived Redo Logs in CDBs 9-36 9.7.6 Deleting Archived Redo Logs After Backups in non-CDBs 9-37 9.7.7 Deleting Archived Redo Logs After Backups in CDBs 9-38 Making and Updating RMAN Incremental Backups 9-39 9.8.1 Purpose of RMAN Incremental Backups 9-39 9.8.2 Planning an Incremental Backup Strategy 9-40 9.8.3 Making Incremental Backups 9-41 9.8.3.1 9.8.4 Making Incremental Backups of a VSS Snapshot Incrementally Updating Backups 9-42 9-42 xi
9.8.4.1 Incrementally Updating Backups: Basic Example 9-43 9.8.4.2 Incrementally Updated Backups: Advanced Example 9-45 9.8.5 Creating a Base Backup of New Data Files 9-46 9.8.6 Using Block Change Tracking to Improve Incremental Backup Performance 9-47 9.9 9.8.6.1 About Block Change Tracking 9-47 9.8.6.2 Enabling and Disabling Block Change Tracking 9-49 9.8.6.3 Disabling Block Change Tracking 9-50 9.8.6.4 Checking Whether Change Tracking Is Enabled 9-50 9.8.6.5 Changing the Location of the Block Change Tracking File 9-50 Making Database Backups for Long-Term Storage 9.9.1 Purpose of Archival Backups 9-52 9.9.2 Basic Concepts of Archival Backups 9-52 9.9.3 Making an Archival Backup for Long-Term Storage 9-53 9.9.3.1 9.9.4 9.10 Making an Archival Backup Making a Temporary Archival Backup Backing Up RMAN Backups 9.10.1 10 9-51 About Backups of RMAN Backups 9-53 9-55 9-55 9-55 9.10.1.1 About Multiple Copies of RMAN Backup Sets 9-56 9.10.1.2 Viewing the Effect of a Backup Retention Policy on Backups of Backups 9-56 9.10.2 Backing Up Backup Sets with RMAN 9-58 9.10.3 Backing Up Image Copy Backups with RMAN 9-59 Backing Up the Database: Advanced Topics 10.1 Limiting the Size of RMAN Backup Sets 10-1 10.1.1 About Backup Set Size 10-2 10.1.2 Limiting the Size of Backup Sets with BACKUP . MAXSETSIZE 10-2 10.1.3 Dividing the Backup of a Large Data File into Sections 10-3 10.2 Using Backup Optimization to Skip Files 10-4 10.2.1 Optimizing a Daily Archived Log Backup to a Single Tape: Scenario 10-5 10.2.2 Optimizing a Daily Archived Log Backup to Multiple Media Families: Scenario 10-5 Creating a Weekly Secondary Backup of Archived Logs: Example 10-6 10.2.3 10.3 Skipping Offline, Read-Only, and Inaccessible Files 10-8 10.4 Duplexing Backup Sets 10-8 10.4.1 Duplexing Backup Sets with CONFIGURE BACKUP COPIES 10.4.2 Duplexing Backup Sets with BACKUP . COPIES 10-9 10-10 10.5 Making Split Mirror Backups with RMAN 10-10 10.6 Encrypting RMAN Backups 10-12 10.6.1 About RMAN Backup Encryption Settings 10-12 xii
10.6.2 Making Transparent-Mode Encrypted Backups 10-14 10.6.3 Making Password-Mode Encrypted Backups 10-14 10.6.4 Making Dual-Mode Encrypted Backups 10-15 10.7 10-15 10.7.1 About Restartable Backups 10-15 10.7.2 Restarting a Backup After It Partially Completes 10-16 10.8 Managing Backup Windows 10-17 10.8.1 About Backup Windows 10-17 10.8.2 Specifying a Backup Duration 10-17 10.8.3 Permitting Partial Backups in a Backup Window 10-18 10.8.4 Minimizing Backup Load and Duration 10-18 Part IV 11 Restarting RMAN Backups Managing RMAN Backups Reporting on RMAN Operations 11.1 Overview of RMAN Reporting 11-1 11.1.1 Purpose of RMAN Reporting 11-1 11.1.2 Basic Concepts of RMAN Reporting 11-1 11.1.3 Reporting in a Data Guard Environment 11-3 11.2 Listing Backups and Recovery-Related Objects 11-3 11.2.1 About the LIST Command 11-4 11.2.2 Listing All Backups and Copies 11-6 11.2.3 Listing Selected Backups and Copies 11-9 11.2.4 Listing Preplugin Backups 11-10 11.2.5 Listing Database Incarnations 11-11 11.3 Reporting on Backups and Database Schema 11-12 11.3.1 About Reports of RMAN Backups 11-12 11.3.2 Reporting on Files Needing a Backup Under a Retention Policy 11-13 11.3.2.1 11.3.2.2 11.3.2.3 Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Different Retention Policies 11-14 Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Tablespaces and Data Files 11-14 Using REPORT NEED BACKUP with Backups on Tape or Disk Only 11-15 11.3.3 Reporting on Data Files Affected by Unrecoverable Operations 11-15 11.3.4 Reporting on Obsolete Backups 11-15 11.3.5 Reporting on the Database Schema 11-17 11.4 Reporting in CDBs and PDBs 11-18 11.4.1 Reporting in CDBs 11-18 11.4.2 Reporting in PDBs 11-19 xiii
11.4.2.1 11.5 Using V Views to Query Backup Metadata 11-19 11-20 11.5.1 Querying Details of Past and Current RMAN Jobs 11-20 11.5.2 Determining the Encryption Status of Backup Pieces 11-23 11.6 Querying Recovery Catalog Views 11.6.1 12 Listing Backups of Dropped PDBs About Recovery Catalog Views 11-23 11-24 11.6.1.1 About Unique Identifiers for Registered Databases 11-24 11.6.1.2 About Unique Identifiers in a Data Guard Environment 11-25 11.6.2 Querying Catalog Views for the Target DB KEY or DBID Values 11-25 11.6.3 Querying RC BACKUP FILES 11-27 Maintaining RMAN Backups and Repository Records 12.1 Overview of RMAN Backup and Repository Maintenance 12-1 12.1.1 Purpose of Backup and Repository Maintenance 12-1 12.1.2 Basic Concepts of Backup and Repository Maintenance 12-2 12.2 12.1.2.1 About Maintenance Commands and RMAN Repository Metadata 12-2 12.1.2.2 About Maintenance Commands in a Data Guard Environment 12-2 Maintaining the Control File Repository 12.2.1 About Control File Records 12.2.1.1 About Fast Recovery Area and Control File Records 12-4 12-4 12-5 12.2.2 Preventing the Loss of Control File Records 12-6 12.2.3 Protecting the Control File 12-6 12.3 Maintaining the Fast Recovery Area 12-7 12.3.1 Deletion Rules for the Fast Recovery Area 12-7 12.3.2 Monitoring Fast Recovery Area Space Usage 12-8 12.3.3 Managing Space for Flashback Logs in the Fast Recovery Area 12-9 12.3.4 Responding to a Full Fast Recovery Area 12-10 12.3.5 Changing the Fast Recovery Area to a New Location 12-11 12.3.6 Disabling the Fast Recovery Area 12-11 12.3.7 Responding to an Instance Crash During File Creation 12-12 12.4 Updating the RMAN Repository 12.4.1 Crosschecking the RMAN Repository 12-12 12-12 12.4.1.1 About RMAN Crosschecks 12-12 12.4.1.2 Crosschecking All Backups and Copies 12-14 12.4.1.3 Crosschecking Specific Backup Sets and Copies 12-15 12.4.1.4 Crosschecking Preplugin Backups 12-16 12.4.2 Changing the Repository Status of Backups and Copies 12-16 12.4.2.1 Updating a Backup to Status AVAILABLE or UNAVAILABLE 12-17 12.4.2.2 Changing the Status of an Archival Backup 12-17 12.4.2.3 Changing the Status of Backups for Dropped PDBs 12-18 xiv
12.4.2.4 12.4.3 Adding Backup Records to the RMAN Repository 12-19 About Cataloging Operations 12-20 12.4.3.2 Cataloging User-Managed Data File Copies 12-20 12.4.3.3 Cataloging Backup Pieces 12-21 12.4.3.4 Cataloging All Files in a Disk Location 12-22 12.4.3.5 Cataloging Preplugin Archived Redo Logs 12-23 Removing Records from the RMAN Repository 12-24 12.4.4.1 About Uncataloging Operations in the RMAN Repository 12-24 12.4.4.2 Removing Records for Files Deleted with Operating System Utilities 12-24 Deleting RMAN Backups and Archived Redo Logs 12.5.1 Overview of Deleting RMAN Backups 12-25 12-25 12.5.1.1 About RMAN Deletion Commands 12-25 12.5.1.2 About Deletion of Archived Redo Logs 12-27 12.5.2 Deleting All Backups and Copies 12-27 12.5.3 Deleting Specified Backups and Copies 12-28 12.5.3.1 Deleting Specified Files with BACKUP . DELETE 12-30 12.5.4 Deleting Expired RMAN Backups and Copies 12-30 12.5.5 Deleting Obsolete RMAN Backups Based on Retention Policies 12-30 12.5.5.1 DELETE OBSOLETE Behavior When KEEP UNTIL TIME Expires 12-31 12.5.6 Deleting Backups of Dropped PDBs 12-31 12.5.7 Deleting Preplugin Backups 12-32 12.6 13 12-19 12.4.3.1 12.4.4 12.5 Changing the Status of Preplugin Backups Dropping a Database 12-32 Managing a Recovery Catalog 13.1 Overview of the RMAN Recovery Catalog 13-1 13.1.1 Purpose of the RMAN Recovery Catalog 13-1 13.1.2 Basic Concepts for the RMAN Recovery Catalog 13-2 13.1.2.1 About Database Registration in an RMAN Recovery Catalog 13-2 13.1.2.2 About Centralization of Metadata in a Base RMAN Recovery Catalog 13-3 13.1.2.3 About RMAN Recovery Catalog Resynchronization 13-3 13.1.2.4 About Stored Scripts 13-3 13.1.2.5 Recovery Catalog in a Data Guard Environment 13-4 13.1.3 13.2 Basic Steps of Managing a Recovery Catalog Creating a Recovery Catalog 13.2.1 Configuring the Recovery Catalog Database 13-4 13-5 13-5 13.2.1.1 Planning the Size of the Recovery Catalog Schema 13-6 13.2.1.2 Allocating Disk Space for the Recovery Catalog Database 13-6 xv
13.2.2 Creating the Recovery Catalog Schema Owner 13-7 13.2.3 Executing the CREATE CATALOG Command 13-8 13.3 Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog 13.3.1 About Registration of a Database in the Recovery Catalog 13.3.1.1 13.3.2 About Standby Database Registration Registering a Database with the REGISTER DATABASE Command 13-9 13-9 13-9 13-10 13.4 Cataloging Backups in the Recovery Catalog 13-11 13.5 Creating and Managing Virtual Private Catalogs 13-12 13.5.1 Overview of Virtual Private Catalogs 13-12 13.5.2 About
Changes in This Release for Backup and Recovery User's Guide Changes in Oracle Database Release 18c, Version 18.1 xxxvi Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) xxxvii Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) xl Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1) xl Part I Overview of Backup and Recovery
For more information, see these Oracle resources: Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide Oracle Database Reference Oracle Database Utilities Many of the examples in this book use the sample schemas of the seed database, which is installed by default when you install Oracle. Refer to Oracle Database Sample Schemas
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Advanced User’s Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) B14191-02 November 2005 A guide to advanced backup and recovery of Oracle databases and advanced uses of Recovery Manager (RMAN), including advanced RMAN database backup and recovery concepts and scenarios, using RMAN for data migration,
viii Related Documentation The platform-specific documentation for Oracle Database 10g products includes the following manuals: Oracle Database - Oracle Database Release Notes for Linux Itanium - Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux Itanium - Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux Itanium - Oracle Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters
Changes in Oracle Secure Backup 18c Release 1 \(18.1\)xvii. Oracle Secure Backup Concepts . Oracle Secure Backup Concepts. . About Cloud Storage Devices1-38. Oracle Secure Backup Using Multipart Upload1-39. Managing Users and Classes . Overview of Oracle Secure Backup Users2-1.
Oracle Secure Backup configuration for tape backup with the Oracle Database Appliance is comprised of several tasks including setup at the OS level, installation of the Oracle Secure Backup software, tape library configuration, tape drive configuration, Oracle Database authorization, and RMAN script setup. Modify /etc/hosts files
Getting Started with Database Classic Cloud Service. About Oracle Database Classic Cloud Service1-1. About Database Classic Cloud Service Database Deployments1-2. Oracle Database Software Release1-3. Oracle Database Software Edition1-3. Oracle Database Type1-4. Computing Power1-5. Database Storage1-5. Automatic Backup Configuration1-6
Oracle e-Commerce Gateway, Oracle Business Intelligence System, Oracle Financial Analyzer, Oracle Reports, Oracle Strategic Enterprise Management, Oracle Financials, Oracle Internet Procurement, Oracle Supply Chain, Oracle Call Center, Oracle e-Commerce, Oracle Integration Products & Technologies, Oracle Marketing, Oracle Service,
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