How To Deal With Plagiarism - Committee On Publication Ethics
How to deal with plagiarism Maria Kowalczuk Biology Editor Research Integrity Group 13 May 2016
1 Research Integrity Group Provide advice to editors, peer reviewers and authors on all aspects of research and publication ethics, including plagiarism Jigisha Patel Associate Editorial Director Elizabeth Moylan Senior Editor How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016 Maria Kowalczuk Stephanie Harriman Biology Editor Medical Editor Magda Morawska Pauline Starley Associate Editors
2 Overview of this session What plagiarism is and why it is damaging The difference between plagiarism and text recycling The use and limitations of plagiarism detection software How to handle plagiarism in line with COPE guidelines How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
3 Definition of plagiarism To plagiarise: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own to use (another's production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source (http://www.merriam-webster.com/) Source: Flickr. Adapted from Alan Cleaver Plagiarism in research: theft or misappropriation of intellectual property and the substantial unattributed textual copying of another's work (The US Office of Research Integrity (ORI) http://www.ori.hhs.gov/policies/plagiarism.shtml) How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
4 Terms related to plagiarism If the authors reuse their own: words: text recycling figures: figure duplication ideas: salami slicing If the authors recycle the whole article: duplicate (redundant) submission or publication How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
5 Is plagiarism a widespread problem? Most frequent query type seen by our team Often brought to COPE http://publicationethics.org/cases How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
6 Plagiarism How much plagiarism of someone else’s work is acceptable? A. A couple of paragraphs B. A couple of sentences C. None How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
7 Plagiarism How much plagiarism of someone else’s work is acceptable? A. A couple of paragraphs B. A couple of sentences C. None Not just previously published articles - websites, books etc. How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
8 Why is plagiarism damaging? undeserved deprives distorts How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016 prevents infringes
9 When is plagiarism detected? On submission During review After publication How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
10 Plagiarism detection software There is no software able to detect plagiarism! Only detects text overlap Needs human eye to interpret Unhelpful with figures or translations No software is perfect Don’t depend on a score! How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
11 How to analyse results of a plagiarism check If the article is already published, it will find a match to itself important to exclude irrelevant sources How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
12 Overlap of whole paragraphs difficult to justify usually serious How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
13 Overlap in the Methods: cause for concern? How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
14 Insignificant (chance) overlap few words overlapping many different sources How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
15 Paraphrased text overlap may be small but coming from one source same pattern of references How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
16 What to take into account: Published? sources published before or after? Main sources? same authors? copyright issues? sources cited? Large fragments? whole paragraphs? paraphrased text? any novelty? How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
17 Interpretation depends on article type Research or Methodology article which sections have overlap? ‒ Methods? ‒ Results? ‒ Discussion? ‒ Conclusions? Review article citations next to appropriate text? any text needs quotation marks? conclusions original? Expert advice on novelty? How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
18 How plagiarism can be disguised No citation Citation but no quotation marks Citation in wrong place Paraphrasing without citation White quotation marks. How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
19 COPE guidelines on plagiarism Collect evidence and ask the authors neutrally for explanation Minor plagiarism Submitted: ask the authors to rewrite Published: correction Major plagiarism: Submitted: reject Published: retract Contact authors’ institution? The aim is to correct the scientific record, not punish the authors. How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
20 Guidelines on text recycling Consider each case separately novel? misleading? data/results duplicated? copyright infringement? action depending on findings. How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
21 COPE resources COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) http://www.publicationethics.org/ Flowcharts on how to deal with publication ethics problems: rts Suspected redundant publication in a submitted manuscript: http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/01A Redundant Submitted.pdf Suspected redundant publication in a published article: http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/01B Redundant Published.pdf Suspected plagiarism in a submitted manuscript: http://www.publicationethics.org/files/u2/02A Plagiarism Submitted.pdf Suspected plagiarism in a published article: http://www.publicationethics.org/files/u2/02B Plagiarism Published.pdf COPE discussion paper on plagiarism: http://www.publicationethics.org/files/COPE plagiarism discussion %20doc 26%20Apr%2011.pdf Text recycling guidelines ines COPE cases involving plagiarism: http://publicationethics.org/cases/?f[0] im field classifications%3A813 How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
22 Take-home messages Software can only detect text overlap not plagiarism A degree of common sense is needed in interpreting the results Don’t depend on ‘plagiarism score’ Be guided by COPE flowcharts and guidelines Correct literature, not punish authors How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
23 Thank you Maria Kowalczuk Biology Editor (Research Integrity Group) BioMed Central maria.kowalczuk@biomedcentral.com @Maria Kowalczuk How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016
How to deal with plagiarism / 13 May 2016 Overview of this session What plagiarism is and why it is damaging The difference between plagiarism and text recycling The use and limitations of plagiarism detection software How to handle plagiarism in line with COPE guidelines
common. Complete plagiarism, for example, was believed to be the most serious yet the least common. The most serious form of plagiarism that was also ranked most common was verbatim plagiarism. The chart below reflects the percentage of those who deemed each form of “serious” plagiarism and attribution issues “common” as well.
The word Plagiarism is taken from the word plagiaries, a kidnapper. Plagiarism is not considered as Infringement of copyright. In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward. Plagiarism by students and researchers in academic and research institutions is an old
plagiarism with absolute reliability. "It is important to note that electronic plagiarism detection cannot solve the problem of plagiarism. Detection should be used as part of a wider approach to prevention. With this in mind, the JISC are also supporting a plagiarism advisory service based at Northumbria University. We strongly
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Incorporating Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism . Graduate Resource Center . Graduate Resource Center . grc@uci.edu. Produced by Christine King . Plagiarism Quiz “Handing in significant parts or the whole of a paper or article form an author other than myself, granted that I
Whatisplagiarism? uUsing the wordsor ideasof another person as one's own either onpurposeorunintentionally uMt.SAC policy defines plagiarism as“adirectviolationof intellectual and academic honesty. Although it exists in many forms, all plagiarism referstothesameact: representingsomebodyelse’swords
citations, avoiding plagiarism, and selecting and using sources. In three years, plagiarism among NNESs dropped from 50 percent to below 5 percent (Duff, Rogers, and Harris 2006). If your institution cannot implement such support programs, you can cover relevant topics in class or o
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