Ammonia Losses From A Commercial Cattle Feedlot: Towards A Realistic .
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Towards a Verifiable Ammonia Emissions Inventory for Cattle Feedlots in the Great Plains Jay Ham Colorado State University Brian Lamb, Kristen Johnson, Shelley Pressley Washington State University
Where’s the Beef ? 9 million head of cattle in beef feedlots across the High Plains 85% of U.S. beef feedlot inventory Other 15% – IA, CA, AZ, ID, WA Courtesy of P.I. Coyne
NE Colorado CAFO Map
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Got Beef ? Got Ammonia ! Retention of fed nitrogen in feedlot cattle is typically 13% Most fed nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea Up to 50% of fed nitrogen can be lost as NH3
Back-of-the-Envelope Inventory 9 million head x 0.205 kg N excreted /d x 365 days . 673,425 metric tons N/year 336,712 metric tons NH3 Could be 10% of total U.S. inventory
Cattle Feedlot NH3 Reporting Requirements EPCRA, good faith air emissions estimates on NH3 and H2S if over 100 lbs/day Cattle feedlots over 1000 head must report to state Must estimate upper and lower limits Could a manager could replace these simplified approaches with results from a site-specific online software tool
EPA Project Goals Measurement and modeling of feedlot NH3 losses to reduce uncertainty in emissions and the inventory. Develop tools that will improve the efficiency and accuracy of NH3 reporting by feedlot managers. Identify points of intervention in the feedlot system where NH3 emissions might be reduced.
Project Framework Long-Term Emissions Measurements and Mass Balance Studies Emissions Data From Previous studies in TX (Cole, Todd) Input from Stakeholders (Regulators, Cattle Feedlot Industry) Feedlot Emissions and Transport Modeling (Chemical Reactor Analog) Emissions Prediction Tool for Feedlot Industry Greeley, CO Required Emissions Database Reporting Short-Term Emissions Measurements Fort Morgan, CO Lamar, CO Scott City, KS Sublette, KS Field Component Ammonia Inventory By County, State, Region, or U.S. Modeling Emissions Prediction Tool and Inventory
Field Component: REA System
New Research: Continuous REA Measurements of NH3 Fluxes Picarro 1103 Ring-down Cavity Analyzer
Dn-Eddy Inlet Up-Eddy Inlet REA Air Sampling and Analysis System Control Signal 3-way Valve Filter Holder MFC MFC Tower Trailer Mix Ves. Mix Ves Micro Pump Teflon 3-way Valve Teflon MFC Picarro NH3 Ballast MFC Ballast CO2 Analyzer Pump Zero Air Generator
Time Constant, Picarro 1103
Next Steps with the REA System Optimize REA system design with lab tests and simulations. Field deploy and compare fluxes to denuder-based REA Begin continuous NH3 emission measurements in March 2011
Modeling the feedlot system as a series of tank reactors 1. Maintains Mass Balance 2. Allows feedback with environment and management 3. Easily adapted for other compounds (GHGs)
Simulated NH3 Emissions For Northern Colorado Feedlot Simulated Potential Ammonia Emissions: Greeley, Colorado 10.0 Summer Potential Ammonia Emissions (g /m2/day) 8.0 Spring 6.0 4.0 Fall Winter 2.0 0.0 -2.0 Date, Fall 2006 to Summer 2007
Potential NH3 Feedlot Emissions Simulated
Emissions from Intact Soil Cores
Diet Study – Preliminary Results Reduced N diet: 42% reduction in total pen surface emissions compared to control diet
Next Steps: Modeling Lab studies to develop formula for the Henry’s law and equilibrium constants in feedlot manure. Test submodels with soil core system Compare results to REA flux data from commercial feedlots
BMPs For Ammonia Require an Integrated Approach Nitrogen Fertilizer Other Grain Markets NH3 Volatilzation Leaching Runoff Grain, Silage, and By-Products Nitrogen Supplements Cropping Systems Speader Applicatoin Harvest Sprinkler Irrigation Manure Piles Composting Feedlot Mill & Feed Storage Feeding Pen Cleaning Cattle and Pens Cattle In Cattle out Lagoons Runoff NH3 Volatilzation Leaching NH3 Volatilzation Leaching Ham, 2008
Methane and Other GHGs
Feedlot Industry) Required Reporting Ammonia Inventory By County, State, Region, or U.S. Emissions Data From Previous studies in TX (Cole, Todd) . Northern Colorado Feedlot-2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Potential Ammonia Emissions (g /m2/day) Date, Fall 2006 to Summer 2007 Simulated Potential Ammonia Emissions: Greeley, Colorado
2 Ammonia as a fuel . 2.1 Properties of ammonia . The basic properties of ammonia are summarized and compared with methane in . Table 2-1. Under atmospheric temperature and pressure, ammonia is a colourless, toxic gas with a sharp and penetrating odour. Ammonia in its pure form is referred to as anhydrous (“without water”) ammonia. Ammonia
Ammonia: An Essential Chemical Ammonia is a naturally occurring chemical in the atmosphere, as well as an essential man-made chemical. It is represented by the chemical formula nH 3. Ammonia in this form is also known as ammonia gas or anhydrous (“without water”) ammonia. At room temperature, amm
Distribution transformer losses (Iron & Copper losses). L.T. Line losses using Global positioning system (GPS) and Miscellaneous technical losses Losses due to loose jump connections in the line Distribution Transfo Losses due to short circuits & earth faults Losses in service mains of installations.
SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION 10 June 2016 EN (English US) 1/12 1.1. Product Identifier Product Name: Aqua Ammonia 19% CAS No: 1336-21-6 Synonyms: Ammonia water, Aqueous ammonia, Household ammonia, Ammonium hydrate, Ammonium hydroxide STCC: 4935280 1.2. Intended Use of the Product Uses of the substance/mixture: Fertilizer
Ammonia Discharge [2013 ANSI/ASHRAE §9.7.8.2] o Ammonia Discharge. Ammonia from pressure relief valves shall be discharged into one or more of the following: a. The atmosphere, per Section 9.7.8 b. A tank containing one gallon of water for each pound of ammonia that will be released in one hour from the largest relief
Retreived from FOIA by Garden City Ammonia Program on 11/13/13 - www.ammoniatraining.com - 620-271-0037 Ammonia Refrigeration Processes & Equipment OTI 3430 Today's Focus Ammonia Refrigeration - not just general ammonia use Focus is prevention and process safety-not h
Ammonia is typically created by combining nitrogen with hydrogen. Therefore, the emissions from producing hydrogen as feedstock and the emissions arising from the synthesis of ammonia should be considered as part of the life cycle emissions of ammonia fuel. Table 1 shows the well-to-tank emissions for ammonia production, transmission,
EMS to the ISO 14001 standard. Results Findings were graded as follows: OK - Item meets ISO 14001 and/or other requirements including the JLab EH&S Manual and SOPs. Noted on Corrective Action Request forms (CARs) only in particularly significant cases. Observations - Items which meet the intent of the requirements, but with minor inconsistencies. Noted on CARs, but no response required .
