Major Energy Retrofit Guidelines
Major EnergyRetrofit Guidelinesfor Commercial andInstitutional BuildingsSUPERMARKETS
Major EnergyRetrofit Guidelinesfor Commercial andInstitutional BuildingsSUPERMARKETS
Aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Directives sur les réaménagements énergétiques majeurs –module sur les supermarchésFor information regarding reproduction rights, contact Natural Resources Canada atnrcan.copyrightdroitdauteur.rncan@canada.ca.This report is available online at fit/4111.M144-275/5-2018E-PDF978-0-660-28557-3 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2018Natural Resources Canada’s Office of Energy EfficiencyLeading Canadians to Energy Efficiency at Home, at Work and on the Road
AcknowledgementsACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe guidelines are an adaptation of the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency’s ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual. Natural Resources Canada gratefullyacknowledges all those who have contributed to their production.DISCLAIMERHer Majesty is not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of the informationcontained in the reproduced material. Her Majesty shall at all times be indemnifiedand held harmless against any and all claims whatsoever arising out of negligenceor other fault in the use of the information contained in this publication or product.v
ContentsCONTENTSENERGY RETROFIT OPPORTUNITIES IN SUPERMARKETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Supermarkets overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Call to action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Opportunities and challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Energy use profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Staging project measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Existing building commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Lighting upgrades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Direct replacement vs. designed retrofits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Retail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Stockroom and staff areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Exterior or parking lot lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Supplemental load reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Power loads and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Envelope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Air distribution system upgrade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Heating and cooling resizing and replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Refrigeration systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Rooftop units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Stockroom heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Domestic hot water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54KUDRINKO’S: A CASE STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57BUSINESS CASE GUIDANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Business case analysis methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Example measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Lighting upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Supplemental load reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Heating and cooling resizing and replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68MY FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70vii
Major Energy Retrofit Guidelines for Commercial and Institutional Buildings Food StoresFiguresFigure 1. Commercial/institutional energy use by subsector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Figure 2. Energy use by energy source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Figure 3. Energy use by end use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Figure 4. HVAC pipe insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figure 5. High-bay retail lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Figure 6. Sealed dome skylight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 7. Light tube skylight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 8. Stockroom lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Figure 9. LED parking lot lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Figure 10. Building envelope heat transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 11. Infrared imagery showing leakage around window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Figure 12. High-speed door. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 13. Loading dock seals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 14. Features of an energy-efficient window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Figure 15. Gas fill thermal peformance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figure 16. Demand control kitchen ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Figure 17. Supermarket display cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Figure 18. Walk-in cooler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Figure 19. Refrigeration compressor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Figure 20. Typical rooftop unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Figure 21. Infrared heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Figure 22. Martha and Neil Kudrinko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Figure 23: Local food display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62TablesTable 1. Illuminance Recommendations for Retail Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Table 2. ENERGY STAR-certified products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Table 3. Compressor efficiency, conventional vs. digital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Table 4. Evolution of RTU efficiency standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Table 5. Kudrinko's electricity emissions data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Table 6. Kudrinko's total building emissions data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61viii
Part 1 Retrofit Opportunities in SupermarketsENERGY RETROFIT OPPORTUNITIESIN SUPERMARKETSThe Supermarkets Module complements the proven energy retrofit approachoutlined in the Principles Module. This module, which should be considered as acompanion document to the Principles Module, discusses strategies, priorities andopportunities specific to supermarkets.1P A RTMAJOR ENERGYRETROFITGUIDELINES:PRINCIPLESThe Supermarkets Module is divided into four parts:1. Retrofit Opportunities in Supermarkets: Provides an overview of Canadiansupermarkets. Subsections present background information on each retrofitstage and key retrofit measures.2. Case Study: The case study showcases a successful major energyretrofit project.3. Business Case Guidance: General information is provided on the costs andbenefits for select retrofit measures based on example upgrade scenarios.4. My Facility: This take-away section provides an Energy Efficiency OpportunityQuestionnaire to assist you in identifying opportunities in your facility.SUPERMARKETSMODULESupermarkets can be freestanding, located in open airor strip centres, or in malls.The floor area includes allsupporting functions, suchas kitchens, break roomsfor staff, refrigerated andnon-refrigerated storageareas, administrative areas,stairwells, atriums, andlobbies.1
Major Energy Retrofit Guidelines for Commercial and Institutional Buildings Supermarkets1P A RTSupermarkets overviewCall to actionCommercial and institutional buildings account for approximately one eighth of theenergy used in Canada.1 Over the next 20 years, the stock of commercial buildings isprojected to grow by over 60%, and it is expected that 40% of existing buildings willbe retrofitted.2Figure 1. Commercial/institutional energy use by subsectorFood orbeverage store10%Non-foodretail storeOffice building(non-medical)21%8%Medical officebuilding1%Warehouse6%Hotel or motelK-12 school3%8%Nursing orresidential carefacilityHospital4%5%Other34%Data Source: NRCan. 2012. Survey of Commercial and Institutional Energy Use – Buildings 2009:Detailed Statistical Report.Figure 1 shows that within the commercial and institutional buildings sector, foodand beverage stores are the second largest energy-using subsector, accountingfor 10% of energy use. This subsector is further delineated into two categories:supermarkets and food stores; the former being the focus of this module.Supermarket business owners understand that they must create an inviting spacefor customers while also maintaining appropriate conditions for the grocery itemsbeing sold.3 Luckily, there are many ways to improve the environment for customersand merchandise, while also addressing energy efficiency. For example, specifictemperature and humidity control set points are required to maintain produce21Natural Resources Canada. 2013. Energy Use Data Handbook, 1990-2010.2Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2008. Green Building Energy Scenarios for 2030.3ASHRAE. 2015. Advanced Energy Design guide for Grocery Stores.
Part 1 Retrofit Opportunities in Supermarketsquality and appearance, while at the same time preventing condensation fromforming on refrigerated case doors. As outlined later in this module, re-calibratinghumidity controls and upgrading to desiccant dehumidification technology canimprove conditions within your facility and save energy.Supermarkets are high energy users, in part because of their large refrigerationloads, and addressing even marginal savings opportunities within these systemswill have a noticeable impact on the overall energy consumption of the building.This module outlines numerous retrofit measures focused on improving the energyperformance of display cases and walk-in coolers.Another example unique to supermarkets is the heat that can be recovered fromrefrigeration compressor systems. These systems operate continuously to maintainproper food storage conditions in display cases and storage areas and, as a result,the heat rejected to the condensing circuits is significant. In many facilities, energyfrom this important but intensive process load can be captured and used to offsetspace or domestic water heating.By implementing a proven major energy retrofit strategy, beginning withbenchmarking using ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager, you can positively impactyour building’s bottom line.Opportunities and challengesThe financial benefits of more energy-efficient buildings are widely known. Energyis one of the most controllable expenses and one of the few expenses that can bedecreased without negatively affecting your operations. Many organizations haveinvested in energy efficiency to improve the building environment for employeesand customers, to improve building performance and financial returns, to cutenergy costs, and to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.1P A RTIdentify major retrofit triggersunique to your facility in orderto optimize the timing ofyour projects and incorporateenergy efficiency into yourcapital plan. For moreinformation, see Section 2 ofthe Principles Module.You should also plan tomeet, or ideally exceed,the minimum performancerequirements outlined inthe most recent version ofthe National Energy Code ofCanada for Buildings (NECB).There are numerous reasons why you may be initiating a major retrofit in yourfacility. You may be experiencing increasing complaints from customers about coldtemperatures in frozen food aisles or about the lack of prepared food sold at thestore. Major capital equipment or building infrastructure, such as your refrigerationplant or your roof, may be nearing the end of its useful life. You may be experiencingequipment control problems (e.g. multiple rooftop units being controlledindividually), or you may have malfunctioning equipment as a result of deferredmaintenance. Piecemeal additions or major internal space changes may also triggera retrofit.3
Major Energy Retrofit Guidelines for Commercial and Institutional Buildings Supermarkets1P A RTOpportunitiesEnergy savings are one of the principal benefits of a major retrofit project. As aresult of the industry’s narrow profit margins, 1 in energy savings is typicallyequivalent to increasing sales by over 50.4 Lower energy consumption alsolimits your vulnerability to energy price fluctuations and reduces your greenhousegas emissions.In some cases, the net present value of the capital and operating costs for a newenergy-efficient refrigeration system is less than the ongoing operating costs of aninefficient system. For example, installing refrigerated display cases with glass doorscan significantly reduce both refrigeration compressor and condenser capacityrequirements and lower space heating requirements.Beyond energy savings, a notable benefit of major energy retrofits is often animproved corporate and community image. Supermarkets are an integral part ofevery community and can make changes to be better neighbours. For example,reducing exterior lighting and equipment operation when they aren’t needed canreduce light and noise pollution, respectively.ChallengesMajor energy retrofits in supermarkets can face several challenges:4 Unique indoor environments: After labour costs,5 energy expenses represent themost significant portion of the annual operating budget for most supermarkets.One of the reasons energy costs are typically so high is because supermarketsmust carefully control temperature and humidity in order to create an invitingenvironment for customers, reduce product loss, and ensure that food safetyrequirements are met. Product changes: Merchandising trends are pushing supermarkets to becomeeven more energy intensive than in the past; as stores carry more fresh food,frozen food aisles expand, and the demand for prepared food increases. Access to capital funding: Competition for funding poses a real challenge forsupermarkets, particularly for retail chains. Because equipment and buildinginfrastructure-related decisions for retail chains are made at the corporateheadquarters level, financing for building upgrades must compete with fundingallocated for new construction. Incomplete asset management plans: Many independently-owned supermarketsdo not have comprehensive asset management plans. Since building equipmentand infrastructure are typically replaced or renewed only upon failure, it isimportant for building owners to determine which components need tobe replaced and when the replacements should be scheduled so that anenergy efficiency strategy can be developed. For more information on assetmanagement planning, see Section 2 of the Principles Module.4United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual.5United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual.
Part 1 Retrofit Opportunities in Supermarkets1Energy use profileP A RTWhen planning your major retrofit project, consider the energy use profile fora typical Canadian supermarket. Although specific energy use profiles will varydepending on the type of services available on site, the example below can beused to provide a general indication of how you use your energy.Figure 2. Energy use by energy sourceFigure 3. Energy use by end ectricity84%Spaceheating15%Lighting22%Natural Resources Canada Existing Buildings Initiative (EBI)and ecoEnergy dataNatural Resources Canada EBI and ecoEnergy dataFigure 2 shows the breakdown of consumption by energy source. In this example,electricity provides more than 80% of the store’s energy requirements. Figure 3shows the breakdown of consumption by end use. Refrigeration is typically thelargest end use, followed by lighting, space heating, and auxiliary equipment(e.g. food service equipment, other plug loads and computer equipment).The national median site energy intensity for supermarkets in Canada is 3.1 GJ persquare metre.6 That is, half of Canadian supermarkets consume more than 3.1 GJper square metre, while half use less. While the median site energy intensity can bea useful metric for comparison purposes, it should be noted that energy intensityin supermarkets can vary widely. This variation is influenced by weather conditionsand specific facility and operating characteristics such as number of workers duringthe main shift, number of cash registers, number of computers, and length ofrefrigerated or frozen food display cases.76 UnitedNote: 1 Gigajoule (GJ) isequal to 278 equivalentkilowatt-hours (ekWh),or the energy content ofapproximately 27 cubicmetres (m3) of natural gas.States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Canadian Energy Use Intensity by Property Type.7 UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. ENERGY STAR Score for Supermarkets and FoodStores in Canada.5
Major Energy Retrofit Guidelines for Commercial and Institutional Buildings Supermarkets1P A RTFor many commercial andinstitutional building types,including food stores,ENERGY STAR PortfolioManager provides anENERGY STAR rating thatscores energy performanceon a scale of 1 to 100, relativeto similar buildings.An ENERGY STAR scoreprovides a snapshot ofyour b
energy efficiency strategy can be developed. For more information on asset management planning, see Section 2 of the Principles Module. 4 . United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual. 5. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 200
66 21 2 359 135 BMW Advanced Car Eye retrofit kit (front and rear camera) 66 21 2 359 136 BMW Advanced Car Eye retrofit kit (front camera) 66 21 2 364 600 BMW Advanced Car Eye retrofit kit (front and rear camera) 66 21 2 364 601 BMW Advanced Car Eye retrofit kit (front camera) 66 21 2 288 543 BMW Advanced Car Eye retrofit kit (front and rear .
If you have any questions concerning the Retrofit Kit and / or the Retrofit process, contact Cutler-Hammer at 1-800-937-5487. Work Sequence Figure 1 illustrates the general work sequence for all DS Breaker Retrofit Kits. The available Retrofit Kits are listed across the top of the figure. Under each kit, the components
4 FI9 retrofit kit installation 2. FI9 RETROFIT KIT INSTALLATION 2.1 Retrofit kit contents Figure 1. FI9 DC fan retrofit kit contents Table 2. FI9 DC fan retrofit assembly kit (SPR-MEC23728) part list # Item number Item description Pcs 1 70CPA00556 DC main fan assembly 1 2 70CMC05006 External DC fan supply assembly 1 3 70CPA03288 Asic cover and .
Planset and to identify the general type of retrofit work that must be done before developing a detailed earthquake retrofit plan for your home retrofit project. This is explained in detail in Chapter 2, and the Checklist can be found on
SYSTEMS. IF NOT QUALIFIED, DO NOT ATTEMPT INSTALLATION. CONTACT A QUALIFIED ELECTRICIAN. . CS700 Series . Use wire nuts to connect the black retrofit wire to the black source lead, the white retrofit wire to the white source lead, & tie the green retrofit wire, bare copper wire, and source ground wires together. Connect the new retrofit .
Retrofit insulated panels are a frequently-employed solution for adding insulation to vaulted ceilings or incorporating attics within a home’s conditioned space. For conventional vented attics, retrofit insulated panels are often applied to the walls, only, Figure 2. Retrofit
98/9947 & 98/9947-F METAL DOOR VERTICAL RODS AND LATCHES Item No. Quantity Part No. Description Finish * 1 050047 98/9948 Latch Retrofit Kit-(non EL) * 1 050048 98/9948-F Latch Retrofit Kit-(non EL) * 1 050522 EL98/9948 Latch Retrofit Kit * 1 050523 EL98/9948-F Latch Retrofit Kit 1** 1 050493 98/9947 Bottom Latch Kit 2** 1 050492 98/9947 Top .
Single-Duct Retrofit Terminal Units 40 to 3700 cfm 35J Single-Duct Retrofit Terminal Units for Variable Air Volume Systems. 2 The 35J round tube single duct variable air volume (VAV) unit provides cooling only to meet retrofit and special application needs. It is designed to allow
