B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy Edition Fourth
B D Chaurasia'shas been thoroughly revised, especially Head and Neck and Brain sections, as per Dental Council of India’srecommendations. Many new diagrams have been added and the previous ones modified. Some selecteddiagrams from the first edition have been adapted and incorporated. A few further reading for inquisitive students has been provided at the end of the chapters in Head and Necksection. Molecular control of development of various organs has been given in this edition. Flowcharts of all cranial nerves have been provided in the Brain section For testing the knowledge acquired after understanding the main topics of Head, Neck and Brain, FrequentlyAsked Questions and Viva Voce questions have been added in all the chapters of these two regions.These would help in better preparation of both theory and practical examinations.The Head and Neck and Brain sections of the book colorfully present the following inherent salient features: Regional and Applied Anatomy Clinical Anatomy Dissection Facts to Remember Clinicoanatomical Problems Multiple Choice Questions Mnemonics Frequently Asked Questions Viva VoceOrganisation of the text chapters/sections:Section 1 covers general anatomy in Chapters 1–8, including the terminology, features of bones, joints, muscles,blood vessels, skin, fasciae, etc.Section 2 deals with head and neck in Chapters 9–28. Gross anatomy of head and neck has been given in detail.Steps of dissection have been put in blue boxes marked Dissection. Illustrated clinical anatomy is given along witheach concerned topic to increase the book’s utility during the clinical years. Appendix with it comprisesparasympathetic ganglia, tables of arteries, clinical terms, etc.Section 3 deals with brain in Chapters 29–37. Chapter 32 exclusively deals with cranial nerves and their clinicalanatomy. New flowcharts for all the cranial nerves have been added. Various surfaces, lobes, sulci, gyri andimportant areas are also delineated in the audiovisual presentation available to the readers on CBSiCentral App.Section 4 effectively covers other regions of human body (Chapters 38–41), i.e. upper limb, thorax, abdomen,pelvis and lower limb. Each region is discussed in one chapter only giving clinically relevant details.Section 5 includes topics of importance in human anatomy (Chapters 42–45), i.e. clinical procedures, genetics,embryology and histology. Embryology includes general embryology mentioned briefly and embryology of headand neck described adequately. Histology covers microscopic structures of basic tissues and important systemsnecessary for the dental students.EditorDedicated to EducationKrishna Garg MBBS, MS, PhD, FIMSA, FIAMS, FAMS, FASI is ex-Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC),New Delhi. She joined LHMC in 1964 where she completed her MS and PhD, and taught anatomy till 1996. She has received fellowships of theIndian Medical Association, Academy of Medical Specialists, and the International Medical Science Academy. She was elected fellow of theAcademy of Medical Sciences (FAMS) in 2005. She was honoured with Excellence Award in Anatomy in 2004 by Delhi Medical Association. Shehas received Life Time Achievement Award, Fellowship of Anatomical Society of India, and DMA Distinguished Services Award, in 2015. She isvisiting faculty of DNB, MDS and a PhD examiner.She is Chief editor of BD Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy 8/e (Vols 1–4); author of Companion Pocketbook—BDC Human Anatomy (Vols 1–3) andcoauthor of Textbook of Histology 5/e, Textbook of Neuroanatomy 6/e, Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, Anatomy and Physiology for AlliedHealth Sciences, Practical Anatomy Workbook, Practical Histology Workbook and Practical Anatomy Workbook for Dental Students; and editorof Human Embryology 2/e and Handbook of General Anatomy 6/e. Another book she has written is Anatomy and Physiology for Diploma inPharmacy Students.B D Chaurasia'sfor Dental Studentsfor DentalHuman Anatomy StudentsHuman AnatomyFourthEditionFourthEditionEdited byGargCBSPublishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd4819/XI, Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, IndiaISBN: 978-93-89396-36-2E-mail: delhi@cbspd.com, cbspubs@airtelmail.in; Website: www.cbspd.comNew Delhi Bengaluru Chennai Kochi Kolkata MumbaiBhopal Bhubaneswar Hyderabad Jharkhand Nagpur Patna Pune Uttarakhand Dhaka (Bangladesh) Kathmandu (Nepal)9 789389 396362
Fourth EditionBD Chaurasia’sHumanAnatomyfor Dental StudentsSalient Features Regional and Applied Anatomy Dissection and Clinical Anatomy Facts to Remember Clinicoanatomical Problems Multiple Choice Questions Mnemonics General Anatomy Clinical Procedures Genetics Embryology HistologyNew TTopicsopics Frequently Asked Questions Viva Voce Further Reading Molecular Basis of Development Flowcharts of Cranial Nerves
Other CBS Bestsellers in Human AnatomyBD Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy: Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical 8th ednVolumeVolumeVolumeVolume1: Upper Limb and Thorax2: Lower Limb, Abdomen and Pelvis3: Head–Neck4: Brain–NeuroanatomyCompanion Pocketbook for Quick Review BD Chaurasia’s Human AnatomyVolume 1: Upper Limb and ThoraxVolume 2: Lower Limb, Abdomen and PelvisVolume 3: Head, Neck and BrainBD Chaurasia’s Handbook of General Anatomy 6th ednBD Chaurasia’s dream Human Embryology 2nd ednTextbook of Histology 5th ednTextbook of Neuroanatomy with Clinical Orientation 6th ednPractical Anatomy Workbook revised 2nd ednPractical Histology Workbook revised 2nd ednPractical Anatomy Workbook for Dental Students
Fourth EditionBD Chaurasia’sHumanAnatomyfor Dental StudentsSalient Features Regional and Applied Anatomy Dissection and Clinical Anatomy Facts to Remember Clinicoanatomical Problems Multiple Choice Questions Mnemonics General Anatomy Clinical Procedures Genetics Embryology HistologyNew TTopicsopics Frequently Asked Questions Viva Voce Further Reading Molecular Basis of Development Flowcharts of Cranial NervesEdited byKrishna Garg MBBS, MS, PhD, FIAMS, FAMS, FIMSAEx-Professor and HeadDepartment of AnatomyLady Hardinge Medical College, New DelhiVisiting Faculty of AnatomyKalka Dental College, Meerut, UPCBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt LtdNew Delhi Bengaluru Chennai Kochi Kolkata MumbaiBhopal Bhubaneswar Hyderabad Jharkhand Nagpur Patna Pune Uttarakhand Dhaka (Bangladesh) Kathmandu (Nepal)
DisclaimerScience and technology are constantly changing fields. New research andexperience broaden the scope of information and knowledge. The editorhas tried her best in giving information available to her while preparing thematerial for this book. Although all efforts have been made to ensureoptimum accuracy of the material, yet it is quite possible some errors mighthave been left uncorrected. The publisher, the printer and the editor willnot be held responsible for any inadvertent errors, omissions or inaccuracies.ISBN: 978-93-89396-36-2Copyright Editor and PublisherFourth Edition: 2020First Edition: 2007Second Edition: 2012Third Edition: 2016All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission, in writing, from the author andthe publisher.Published by Satish Kumar Jain and produced by Varun Jain forCBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd4819/XI Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India.Ph: 011-23289259, 23266861, 23266867 Fax: 011-23243014Website: www.cbspd.come-mail: delhi@cbspd.com; cbspubs@airtelmail.in.Corporate Office: 204 FIE, Industrial Area, Patparganj, DelhiPh: 011-4934 4934Fax: 4934 4935110 092e-mail: publishing@cbspd.com; publicity@cbspd.comBranches Bengaluru: Seema House 2975, 17th Cross, K.R. Road, Banasankari 2nd Stage, Bengaluru 560 070, KarnatakaPh: 91-80-26771678/79Ph: 91-44-26260666, 26208620Fax: 91-44-42032115e-mail: chennai@cbspd.comFax: 91-484-4059065e-mail: kochi@cbspd.comKolkata: No. 6/B, Ground Floor, Rameswar Shaw Road, Kolkata-700014 (West Bengal), IndiaPh: 91-33-2289-1126, 2289-1127, 2289-1128 e-mail : bangalore@cbspd.comKochi: 42/1325, 1326, Power House Road, Opp KSEB Power House, Eranakulam 682 018, Kochi, KeralaPh: 91-484-4059061-65 Fax: 91-80-26771680Chennai: 7, Subbaraya Street, Shenoy Nagar, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadue-mail: kolkata@cbspd.comMumbai: 83-C, Dr E Moses Road, Worli, Mumbai-400018, MaharashtraPh: 91-22-24902340/41Fax: 91-22-24902342e-mail: mumbai@cbspd.comRepresentatives Bhopal0-8319310552 Bhubaneswar0-9911037372 Hyderabad0-9885175004 Jharkhand0-9811541605 Nagpur0-9421945513 Patna0-9334159340 Uttarakhand0-9716462459 Dhaka (Bangladesh) 01912-003485 Pune0-9623451994 Kathmandu (Nepal) 977-9818742655Printed atNutech Print Services, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Preface to the Fourth EditionHuman anatomy for dental students had asuccessful inning in its third edition. Since changefor keeping in sync with the newer developments isnecessary, the fourth edition is being published.The text has been updated and diagrams havebeen corrected and improved. Some important linediagrams of first edition of BD Chaurasia’s HumanAnatomy have been put in Head and Neck section.Molecular basis of development of various organshas been initiated as most of the diseases have agenetic origin.Some references as “Further Reading” are given atthe end of all chapters of head, neck and brain forinquisitive students. Hallmark of this edition is theinclusion of Viva Voce questions at the end of Headand Neck and Brain sections. Learning their answerswill prepare the students for their numerous practicalexaminations. These would even give themconfidence for their postgraduate medical entranceexaminations and the interviews for their jobs.Accordingly, the various sections in this book are asfollows:Section I General Anatomy contains 8 chapters.Section II Head and Neck comprises, the mostimportant component of anatomy for BDS students.It contains description of all the bones, dissection,illustrated gross anatomy and clinical anatomy. Themuscles of various parts have been given in tabularform. Revision can be done by facts to remember,frequently asked questions, MCQ and viva voce atthe end of all chapters.Section III Brain highlights of this section areflowcharts of the cranial nerves.Section IV Other Regions of Human Body coversupper limb, thorax, abdomen and pelvis and lowerlimb, very briefly, giving important clinical anatomypoints.Section V Topics of Importance in Human Anatomycontains clinical procedures, genetics, embryologyand histology.Chapter on embryology gives a bird’s eye view ofthe general embryology. Emphasis has been given onthe molecular development and congenitalanomalies of structures in head and neck, namely,tongue, thyroid, parathyroid, pharyngeal arches,pouches, clefts, skull, face, teeth, eye, ear, etc.Chapter on histology is in two parts. Generalhistology is given with relevant drawings. As far assystemic histology is concerned, only the partsnecessary for BDS students are given, such as histologyof salivary glands, trachea, oesophagus and generalplan of gastrointestinal tract with diagrams. Inaddition, the endocrine system and special senses aredescribed to complete the organs studied by BDSstudents.Obligations are due to Mr SK Jain, Chairman andManaging Director; Mr Varun Jain, Director; Mr YNArjuna, Senior Vice President (Publishing, Editorial andPublicity); Ms Ritu Chawla, Production Manager; andthe entire editorial and production teams at CBSPD.Thanks to Ms Jyoti Kaur who has done the formattingpart very efficiently, Mr Sanjay Chauhan for doingbeautiful graphic work and Mr Kshirod who hasproficiently done the proofreading.I shall be obliged to the readers for any constructivecriticism and suggestions for improvement of thebook.Krishna Gargdr.krishnagarg@gmail.com
Preface to the First EditionWith an ever-increasing number of students pursingdentistry as a profession, an urgent need wasfelt for a comprehensive book on human anatomy fordental students. The books presently available fordental students have a large number of lacunaewhich require appropriate rectification. With thisbroad objective in mind, this book has been plannedto provide gross anatomy of the whole body withdetailed anatomy of the head and neck accordingto the syllabus prescribed by the Dental Council ofIndia. I am grateful to the Almighty for providing methis unique opportunity.The fourth edition of BD Chaurasia’s HumanAnatomy published in 2004 and edited by me hasbeen widely accepted as the base-line book on thesubject for dental students. In this book the textmaterial of Volume 3 (Head and Neck section) hasbeen revised and included. Dissection as perrequirement of BDS students have been given in blueboxes. Multiple Choice Questions and Clinicoanatomical Problems of head and neck region havealso been incorporated.The other regions, namely, brain, upper limb, thorax,abdomen, pelvis and lower limb, have beencondensed in description, however, without anycompromise on the illustrations which have beenrevised and improved substantially. It is thus acontinuous, well illustrated study of each region.Muscles of all the regions have been tabulated.Besides, at the end of each section the entire courseof all the nerves with clinical terms has beenincorporated from the viewpoint of revision andretention. Similarly, the brief course of arteries and theirbranches have been tabulated to aid quickmemorization.The clinical anatomy has also been illustratedprofusely with relevant photographs to provide aglimpse of the future to the first year students of BDScourse.I am obliged to Prof Ved Prakash, Prof Mohini Kaul,Prof Indira Bahl and Prof Kumkum Rana for providinghelp whenever required.I am grateful to Dr Suvira Gupta, Ex-DirectorProfessor and Head, Department of Radiology, GBPant Hospital, New Delhi, for her expert guidance onvarious radiographs, CT, ultrasound and MRI scans inhead and neck sections of the book. Thanks are dueto Dr Neeta Agarwal and Dr Dalvinder Singh forconstantly encouraging me.Mr Ankur Mittal and Mr Ajit Kumar, students of BPT2004 batch from Banarasidas Chandiwala Institute ofPhysiotherapy, New Delhi, have diligently read theentire text and helped me in correcting the errors ofomission. Their help is gratefully acknowledged.I am obliged to Mr YN Arjuna, Publishing Director ofCBS Publishers & Distributors, for providing exemplaryguidance and constructive critism for this book in spiteof his extremely busy schedule. His team comprisingMr Karzan Lal Prasher, Mr. Mukesh Kumar Sharma, MsNeelam, Mr Akhilesh Kumar Dubey and MsMehjabeen, has given the best technical support ingetting the book in its present for mat which isattractive and appealing.Mr SK Jain, Managing Director, CBS Publishers &Distributors, has been constantly monitoring theprogress of the book so that it is released at theappropriate time.I wish to thank all my family members for theircooperation. It is my fervent hope that prayer and thededication put in this book proves to be useful for BDSand MDS students. I earnestly welcome the teachersand the students in all the colleges to providesuggestions that would help make furtherimprovements in this book.Krishna Garg
ContentsPreface to the Fourth EditionPreface to the First EditionvviiSection I GENERAL ANATOMY1. Introduction3Language of Anatomy 4Positions 4Planes 4Terms Used in Relation to Trunk, Neck andFace 5Terms Used in Relation to Upper Limb 6Terms Used in Relation to Lower Limb 6Terms of Relation Commonly Used inEmbryology 6Terms Related to Body Movements 6In the Neck 7In Upper Limb 7In Lower Limb 8Terms Used for Describing Bone Features 9Clinical Anatomy 10Facts to Remember 10Multiple Choice Questions 102. SkeletonBones 11Definition 11Functions 11Classification of Bones 11According to Shape 11Developmental Classification 12Regional Classification 13Structural Classification 13Gross Structure of an Adult Long Bone 13Parts of a Young Growing Bone 14Epiphysis 14Diaphysis 14Metaphysis 14Epiphysial Plate of Cartilage 15Blood Supply of Bones 15Arterial Supply 15Venous Drainge 15Lymphatic Drainage 15Nerve Supply of Bones 15Growth of a Long Bone 15Factors Affecting Growth 15Cartilage 16General Features of Cartilage 16Clinical Anatomy 17Facts to Remember 17Multiple Choice Questions 173. Joints1118Classification of Joints 18Structural Classification 18Fibrous Joints 18Cartilaginous Joints 18Synovial Joints 18Functional Classification 18Regional Classification 19According to Number of ArticulatingBones 19Fibrous Joints 19Cartilaginous Joints 21Synovial Joints 22Characters 22Classification of Synovial Joints 22Plane Synovial Joints 22Hinge Joints (Ginglymi) 22Pivot (Trochoid) Joints 22Condylar (Bicondylar) Joints 22Ellipsoid Joints 23Saddle (Sellar) Joints 23Ball-and-socket (Spheroidal) Joints 23Mechanism of Lubrication of a SynovialJoint 23Blood Supply 23Nerve Supply 24Lymphatic Drainage 24Stability 24Clinical Anatomy 24Facts to Remember 24Multiple Choice Questions 244. MusclesDerivation of Name 25Types of Muscles 25Skeletal Muscles 25Parts of a Muscle 25Two Ends 25Two Parts 2625
viiiHUMAN ANATOMY for Dental Students7. Nervous SystemStructure of Striated Muscle 26Contractile Tissue 26Supporting Tissue 26Fascicular Architecture of Muscles 27Parallel Fasciculi 27Oblique Fasciculi 27Spiral or Twisted Fasciculi 28Naming the Muscles 28Features Used in Naming Muscles 28Shape 28Size 28Number of Heads 28Attachment 28Depth 28Position 28Action 29Nerve Supply of Skeletal Muscle 29Nerve Supply of Smooth Muscle 29Nerve Supply of Cardiac Muscle 30Actions of Muscles 30Clinical Anatomy 30Facts to Remember 31Multiple Choice Questions 315. Circulatory System32Components 32Types of Circulation of Blood 33Arteries 33Characteristic Features 33Types of Arteries and Structure 33Palpable Arteries 34Veins 35Characteristic Features 35Structure of Veins 35Capillaries 35Size 35Sinusoids 35Anastomoses 35Definition 35Types 35End Arteries 36Clinical Anatomy 37Facts to Remember 37Multiple Choice Questions 386. Lymphatic SystemComponents 39Lymph Capillaries and Lymph Vessels 39Central Lymphoid Tissues 40Bone marrow 40Thymus 40Peripheral Lymphoid Organs 41Lymph Nodes 41Spleen 43Circulating Pool of Lymphocytes 43Growth Pattern of Lymphoid Tissue 43Clinical Anatomy 44Facts to Remember 44Multiple Choice Questions 44Parts of Nervous System 45Cell Types of Nervous System 46Neuron 46Neuroglia 48Functions of Glial and Ependymal Cells 48Reflex Arc 48Peripheral Nerves 49Spinal Nerves 49Nerve Plexuses for Limbs 50Blood and Nerve Supply of PeripheralNerves 51Nerve Fibres 51Myelinated Fibres 51Nonmyelinated Fibres 52Classification of Peripheral Nerve Fibres 52Autonomic Nervous System 53Sympathetic Nervous System 53Parasympathetic Nervous System 55Neurotransmitters 56Clinical Anatomy 56Facts to Remember 57Multiple Choice Questions 578. Skin, Fasciae and Ligaments3945Skin 58Surface Area 58Pigmentation of Skin 58Thickness 59Structure of Skin 59Epidermis 59Dermis or Corium 59Surface Irregularities of the Skin 59Appendages of Skin 160Nails 60Hair 61Sweat Glands 61Sebaceous Glands 62Functions of Skin 63Fasciae 63Superficial Fascia 63Distribution of Fat in this Fascia 63Types of Fats 63Important Features 64Deep Fascia 64Definition 64Distribution 64Important Features 64Modifications of Deep Fascia 65Ligaments 66Types of Ligaments 66Raphe 66Clinical Anatomy 66Facts to Remember 67Multiple Choice Questions 6758
CONTENTSixSection II HEAD AND NECK9. Introduction and Osteology71Skull 72Bones of the Skull 72Exterior of the Skull 74Norma Verticalis 74Clinical Anatomy 74Norma Occipitalis 75Norma Frontalis 76Clinical Anatomy 78Norma Lateralis 78Clinical Anatomy 81Norma Basalis 81Interior of the Skull 89Clinical Anatomy 93, 94The Orbit 96Foetal Skull/Neonatal Skull 98Ossification 98Clinical
Human Anatomy Edition B D Chaurasia's f or Dental Students H u m an An ato my B D Chaurasia's Fourth Edition 9789389396362 ISBN: 978-93-89396-36-2 4819/XI, Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India E
abdomen and pelvis volume 5 8 cbs anatomy 1 25 chaurasia, b.d. bd chaurasia's human anatomy: lower limb abdomen and pelvis volume 6 8 cbs anatomy 1 26 chaurasia, b.d. bd chaurasia's human anatomy: lower limb abdomen and pelvis volume 7 8 cbs anatomy 1 27 chaurasia, b.d. bd chaurasia's human anatomy: lower limb abdomen and pelvis volume 8 8 cbs .
128 B.D.Chaurasia Human Anatomy(Lower Limb Abdomen and Pelvis)vol.II 129 B.D.Chaurasia Human Anatomy(Lower Limb Abdomen and Pelvis)vol.II 130 B.D.Chaurasia Human Anatomy(Lower Limb Abdomen and Pelvis)vol.II 131 B.D.Chaurasia Human Anatomy(Lower Limb Abdomen and Pelvis)vol.II 132 B.D.Chaurasia Human Anatomy (Head and Neck,Brain)vol.III 133 B.D .
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39 poddar Handbook of osteology Anatomy Textbook 10 40 Ross ,Pawlina Histology a text & atlas Anatomy Textbook 10 41 Halim A. Human anatomy Abdomen & lower limb Anatomy Referencebook 10 42 B.D. Chaurasia Human anatomy Head & Neck, Brain Anatomy Referencebook 10 43 Halim A. Human anatomy Head & Neck, Brain Anatomy Referencebook 10
53 BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy For Dental Students.(4th ed.) Garg,Krishna. 1 54 Essentials of Human Anatomy Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis (10 th ed.) Datta ,AK. 1 55 Textbook of Anatomy Upper Lime and Thorax 3rd ed. ( VOL 1st. ) Singh ,Vishram . 1 56 Textbook of Anatomy Upper Lime and Thorax 3rd ed. ( VOL 2nd) Singh ,Vishram . 1
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