The New England Colonies In The 17th Century
The New England Colonies in the17th CenturyPilgrims arrive inPlymouth1620Harvard Collegefounded1629Puritans foundMassachusetts Bay1636King Philip’s War1644Rhode Islandfounded16751692Salem WitchTrials
Units 1.3The New England ColoniesTheme #1:Seventeenth-century New England was characterized by ahomogeneous society that revolved largely around Puritanism and its sternideal of perfectionism. The New England colonies contained a healthypopulation with long life spans, a strong family structure, tightly-knit townsand congregations, and a diversity of economic activities.
What political and religious circumstances inEngland led to the formation and developmentof New England?
I. Protestant Reformation (1517)A. Martin Luther: breaks withCatholic church
B. John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)1. Elaborated on Luther’s ideas2. God was all-powerful, all-knowing, all-good3. Humans were weak and wicked due to original sin
4. Predestinationa. “The elect”b. “visible saints”– conversionexperiencec. Refuted “Good works”philosophy of the CatholicChurch
C. Church of England1. King Henry VIII broke with theRoman Catholic Church in 1534-- Leader of the Church of England(Anglican Church)2. Puritans: sought to reform the church3. Separatists (later, Pilgrims) sought toleave the Anglican Church permanently4. King James I was threatened by theSeparatist challenge and persecutedthem
II. PilgrimsA. First wave of Separatists1. Separatists left England for Holland-- Led by Rev. John Robinson2. Separatists later left Hollandfor America in1620
3. Mayflower, 16204. Plymouth Bay
The Rev. John Robinson and others aboard the Mayflower
5. Mayflower Compact, 1620-- Rule of the majority under theregulations agreed upon.“Having undertaken, for the Glory of God, andhonor of our King and Country, a voyage to plantthe first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, covenant and combine ourselves together intoa civil body politic; for our better ordering, andpreservation and by virtue hereof to enact,constitute, and frame, such just and equal laws,ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, fromtime to time, as shall be thought most meet andconvenient for the general good of the colony;unto which we promise all due submission andobedience.”
Mayflower Compact What did the signers promise? What do you believe the impact of theCompact was upon early colonial America?
B. Relations with Amerindians1. Squanto2. Wampanoag (Pokanokets) led byChief Massasoit, helped Pilgrims tosurviveMassasoit and Pilgrims sign a peace treaty
3. The First Thanksgiving, 1621
A Wampanoag dwelling
C. Success of the Pilgrims1. Fur trade, fishingand lumber2. William BradfordD. 1691, merged withMassachusettsBay Colony
Plimoth Plantation
The pulpit in the church atPlimoth Plantation
Map ofColonialNewEngland
III. Massachusetts Bay CommonwealthA. Why did Puritans leave England?-- Fled tyranny of Charles I &Archbishop LaudB. MBC founded in 1629 by nonSeparatist Puritans-- Royal charter served as the MBCconstitution for many yearsC. The Great Migration (1630s)a. Over 15,000 Puritans arrived inNew Englandb. Ended due to English Civil War
D. Governor John Winthrop1. Covenant theology“We shall builda city on a hill.”-- Model ofChristian Charity,1630
E. MBC became largest and most influentialcolony in New England-- Protestant work ethic
How did Puritanism in New Englandlean towards democracy?
IV. Religion and Politics in the MBCA. Governing open to all free adult males1. Congregational Church (based onCalvinism)2. Male Voting rights (1631)3. Townhall meetings (mostly propertyowners, majority rule)
B. Purpose of government: enforce Gods laws!1. Gov’t under Winthrop was not a democracy (onlyvisible saints were free men and thus could vote)2. Congregational Church was “established” (allpaid taxes)3. Religious dissenters were often punished(NE became the least tolerant!)
In Puritan Massachusetts, religious nonconformists sufferedthis fate—and much worse.
C. Church leadership (experienced conversion)1. John Cotton (defends govt’s duty to enforcereligion but advocated a civil government)2. Clergy barredfrom formalpolitical office: (sep. of church andstate!)3. Cambridge Platform (1648)-MBC, Plymouth, CT,New Haven (more uniform)D. Representative assembly formed in 1634
E. Early dissension in the MBC1. Quakers (persecuted)2. Anne Hutchinson antinomianism (declared that faith alone,not obedience to religious law is necessary forsalvation) Banished and set out to R. I.
Question: Why might Roger Williams and other exiles desirereligious freedom?1. Complete religious freedom develops, in part, becauseleaders have the desire to protect their philosophy fromthe state2. Guarantee of freedom written into charter3. Almost complete white male suffrage (mentioned before)4. Other colonies refer to R.I. as Rogues Island – that sewer5. Hutchinson later killed in an Indian attack in New York(John Winthrop said it was divine retribution for her falseteachings)
The Trial of Anne Hutchinson“You have stepped out of your place, youhave rather been a husband than a wife,and a preacher than a hearer. You havebeen a naughty woman.”
3. Roger Williamsa. “liberty ofconscience”b. “Wall ofseparation” (Jefferson! And noestablishment clause)c. Rhode Island Denied authority of civil govt.to regulate religious behavior No man should be forced togo to church
Why the decline in power of thePuritan Clergy in the late 17th?
F. The decline of Puritanism1. Loss of religious zeal and spread of population2. Response:a. Jeremiad-had to be more committed,children of non-converted members could not bebaptized.b. Half-way Covenant (1662)-partialmembership to those who were baptized as children.c. Open membership by 17003. Salem Witch Trials (1692)a.Cotton Mather-supported trials
Salem Witch Trials, 1692
Salem Witch Trials Many believed devil worked with witches inthe real world 1st accusation when young girls listen to talesof voodoo from a black servant, beganbehaving oddly Older women became targets Young accusers were poor from the west,accused the wealthy from the east. 20 people executed.
V. Completing the New England ColoniesA. Rhode Island: Founded byRoger Williams, 16361. Founded first Baptist church in Americaa. Freedom of religionb. No compulsory worshipc. No taxes to support state church2. Simple manhood suffrage3. Charter colony: Given charter fromParliament in 1644
B. Connecticut River Colony (1636)1. Thomas Hooker2. Fundamental Orders (1639)-- Significance
C. Maine absorbed by MassachusettsBay in 1677D. New Hampshire separated fromMBC in 1679
VI. New England Confederation (1643):MBC, Plymouth, Connecticut Riversettlements, & New HavenA. Pequot War, 1636-- Results: Pequots were destroyed
B. Colonies were left to fend forthemselves during English Civil War-- 1st milestone on the road tocolonial unity
C. King Philip’s War, 16751. Metacom, Wampanoag chief, attackedMBC towns after being provoked bysettlers.-- New England Confederation put tothe test
2. Bloodiest war ever fought on NewEngland soil
Wampanoags attack a Puritan settlement
3. Results: Native Americans weredefeated and effectively removedfrom much of MBC, CT & RI.The death of King Philip at the handsof two Massachusetts colonists.
VII. Dominion of New England (1686) and the“Glorious Revolution”A. The crown clamped down on MBCB. Dominion of New England1. Purposes: mercantilisma. Enforce Navigation Lawsb. Provide defense for colonies2. Sir Edmund AndrosC. “Glorious Revolution” (1688)1. Inspired “1st American Revolution”2. Andros was removed
D. Post-Glorious Revolution New England1. 1691, MBC made a royal colony-- Loss of charter colony status2. Tighter administrative controlby the crown over British America
VIII. New England Life and Contributionsto the American characterA. Geography & Economy1. Rocky soil: few cash crops--Subsistence farming common2. Diverse economy: fishing,shipbuilding, lumbering, shipping,fur, dairy
3. Less ethnic diversity
B. Puritan contribution to Americancharacter1. Seeds of democracya. Townhall meetingsb. Voting rights to church members, 16312. Perfectibility of society (“perfectionism”)a. Covenant theology & Protestant work ethicb. Inspired later reforms: abolition movement, women’srights, education, prohibition3. Protestant work ethic
C. Education1. Purpose: train the clergy2. Harvard College (1636)
3. Massachusetts School of Law,1647a. Towns with 50 or more familiesrequired to provide publiceducationb. Resulted in a highly literatepopulation
IX. New England FamilyA. High life expectancyB. Family migrationC. High natural reproductionD. Strong family stabilityA Puritan Wedding Procession
The New England Colonies Theme #1: Seventeenth-century New England was characterized by a homogeneous society that revolved largely around Puritanism and its stern ideal of perfectionism. The New England colonies contained a healthy population with long
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Honey bee colonies for operations with five or more colonies in the United States on January 1, 2020 totaled 2.88 million colonies, up 8 percent from January 1, 2019. The number of colonies in the United States on April 1, 2020 was 2.98 million colonies. During 2019, honey bee colonies on January 1, July 1, and October 1 were 2.67 million, 3.18
Colonies: In contrast to the New England and middle colonies were the rural southern colonies of Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. People: The populations in the southern colonies were diverse and consisted of many European nationalities. Climate: The climate in the southern colonies was the warmest of
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
