Drum-Set Tuning Guide - Tune-Bot
Drum-Set Tuning GuideTune-Bot enables you to accurately tune your drums to a specific notes or frequencies and onceyou know the notes or frequencies you want, you can quickly tune and retune your drums. Thistuning guide will help you determine the notes and frequencies to use for your specific drumset. Then you can use tune-bot to tune your set to those specific values. After you’ve tunedyour set to your liking you can also store the pitches of all your drums in tune-bot to allow youto quickly retune to the same sound over and over again.Tom TuningA good way to tune your toms and your snare as well, if you like, is to use notes in musicalintervals or chords for the fundamental pitches of the drums. One consideration, in selectingwhich interval or chord to use for tuning, is the number of toms (and optionally snare) in yourset. If you have a small number of drums you might prefer larger intervals between drumswhereas with a large number of drums you might be better with smaller intervals, otherwise,you might span too small or too large a range of pitches with your drums.Summary of Tuning Steps1) Choose the fundamental notes for every drum using Table 1.2) Decide on the amount of Resonance1: low, medium, high or maximum and if top orbottom head is higher in lug-frequency.3) Calculate the top and bottom head lug-frequency for every drum head.For each drum:4) Tune top and bottom heads to required lug-frequency.5) Equalize top and bottom heads.Note: These formulas may not be exact. Depending on your drums dimensions you may have tofine tune the lug pitches to get the desired note: These formulas will however get you close!1Explained in next section. Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
Details of Tuning StepsFundamental Note SelectionSuggested tunings for a variety of drum set configurations ranging from 2 to 6 toms are listed inthe following table. The table also covers most popular tom sizes ranging from 8 to 16 inches indiameter. All the notes in any of these tunings can be moved up or down a few semi-tones (thedistance between A and A#; a half-step) to suit individual tastes without changing the intervals.Only the fundamental pitch of the drum, i.e., the lowest pitch of the drum (obtained when thedrum is hit in the center and is mounted on a stand), is listed in the chart, not the lug-pitches.You will get the same fundamental pitch whether you hit the top or bottom head since the topand bottom heads vibrate in unison when the drum is hit in the center. The corresponding topand bottom head lug-pitches, however, are independent of each other and can be 1.2 to 2.3times higher than the fundamental pitch for typical drum sizes.Table 1. Recommended Fundamental Notes and Frequencies for Various Tom Configurations.TomSizes223Number of Toms (Notes and Frequencies in Hz)3334481053E3G#165 Hz208 Hz3C3C3C3D3E3C3E131 Hz131 Hz131 Hz147 Hz165 Hz131 Hz165 Hz122A2A2G2A2A2B2B110 Hz110 Hz98 Hz110 Hz110 Hz124 Hz124 Hz132G#104 Hz2F104 Hz2F2F2F2G2F#2E2E87.3 Hz87.3Hz87.3 Hz98 Hz92.5 Hz82.4 Hz82.4 Hz16Type ofInterval3C131 Hz2G#87.3Hz146PerfectFifth2D2D2C#2C2D2C#2C2C73.4 HzPerfectFifth73.4 HzPerfectFourths69.3 HzMajorThirds65.4 HzPerfectFourths73.4 HzCall toPost69.3 HzPerfectFourths65.4 HzMajorThirds65.4 HzMajorThirdsMajorChordResonance and Top or Bottom Head Tuning OptionsWith a two-headed drum, the fundamental pitch of the drum can be varied by adjusting eithertop or bottom heads so there are an infinite number of top and bottom lug-pitch combinationsfor any specific fundamental pitch. The resonance (or sustain) of the drum depends on the lugfrequency relationship between the top and bottom heads. After you decide on the amount ofdrum resonance you want, from low to high, specific top and bottom lug pitches can be easilydetermined for any desired fundamental pitch. Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
Selecting the amount of resonance that is right for you depends on the type of sound you want:maximum resonance and slower decay is obtained with top and bottom lug-pitches tuned tothe same pitch; alternatively, lower resonance and quicker decay is obtained from largerdifferences in top and bottom lug-pitches. For live performance more resonance might bedesirable whereas for a recording situation, it might be better to have less resonance and fasterdecay. Another consideration if the heads are tuned differently is which head is higher in pitch.Again this is a personal choice: typically, a more controlled sound is obtained with the bottomhead tuned higher than the top head, a good choice for recording. On the other hand, moreattack is attained with the top head tuned to the higher lug-pitch.Calculating the Top and Bottom Lug-FrequenciesThe following lug-frequency formulas are values for typical drums. The actual values for yourdrums will depend on the ratio of the drum shell diameter to the depth, the type of drum headsyou are using and if the top and bottom heads are the same type. Use these formulas as astarting point and adjust them to suit your specific drums and heads.Maximum Resonance: Tune top and bottom lug pitches to the same pitch. Depending on thespecific drum, the lug pitch will be between 1.6 and 1.9 times higher in frequency than thefundamental pitch. To start, multiply the frequency of the desired fundamental note by 1.75and tune both top and bottom lug-pitches to that frequency. Then, measure the fundamentalpitch of the drum and adjust the pitch of top and bottom heads accordingly.Example 1. Maximum Resonance with 4 Toms: 10”, 12”, 14” and 16”. Both Heads Equal.Tom Size10121416Fund. Note3D2B2G2DFund. Freq. (Hz)1471249873.4Top and Bottom Lug Freq. (Hz)257 ( 147 x 1.75)217 ( 124 x 1.75)172 ( 98 x 1.75)128 ( 73.4 x 1.75) Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
High Resonance: With the bottom head tuned higher, multiply the frequency of the desiredfundamental note by 1.85 and tune the bottom head lug-pitch to that frequency. Then tune thetop head lug-pitch to about 1.5 times the fundamental frequency. Then, measure thefundamental pitch of the drum and adjust the pitch of the top head until it equals the desiredfrequency. For high resonance with the bottom head tuned lower, simply switch the numbersin the two columns.Example 2. High Resonance with 4 Toms: 10”, 12”, 14” and 16”. Bottom Head Higher.Tom Size10121416Fund. Note3D2B2G2DFund. Freq. (Hz)1471249873.4Top Lug Freq. (Hz)221 ( 147 x 1.5)186 ( 124 x 1.5)147 ( 98 x 1.5)110 ( 73.4 x 1.5)Bottom Lug Freq. (Hz)272 ( 147 x 1.85)229 ( 124 x 1.85)181 ( 98 x 1.85)136 ( 73.4 x 1.85)Medium Resonance: Follow the instructions in the preceding paragraph using 2.0 times and 1.4times the fundamental frequency instead of 1.85 and 1.5 times.Example 3. Medium Resonance with 4 Toms: 10”, 12”, 14” and 16”. Bottom Head Higher.Tom Size10121416Fund. Note3D2B2G2DFund. Freq. (Hz)1471249873.4Top Lug Freq. (Hz)206 ( 147 x 1.4)174 ( 124 x 1.4)137 ( 98 x 1.4)103 ( 73.4 x 1.4)Bottom Lug Freq. (Hz)294 ( 147 x 2)248 ( 124 x 2)196 ( 98 x 2)147 ( 73.4 x 2)Low Resonance: Follow the same instructions using 2.3 and 1.2 times the fundamentalfrequency instead of 1.85 and 1.5 times.Example 4. Low Resonance with 4 Toms: 10”, 12”, 14” and 16”. Bottom Head Higher.Tom Size10121416Fund. Note3D2B2G2DFund. Freq. (Hz)1471249873.4Top Lug Freq. (Hz)176 ( 147 x 1.2)149 ( 124 x 1.2)118 ( 98 x 1.2)88 ( 73.4 x 1.2) Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.Bottom Lug Freq. (Hz)338 ( 147 x 2.3)285 ( 124 x 2.3)225 ( 98 x 2.3)169 ( 73.4 x 2.3)
Snare Drum TuningMost 14” diameter snare drums sound good with a fundamental pitch in the range of 3E to 3A#.Some drummers like to have the fundamental pitch of their snare in the same intervalrelationship as their toms while others like to set it independently; it’s really a matter ofpersonal preference.A good pitch relationship for the drum heads is to tune the lug pitch of the bottom head aperfect fifth higher than the top head (1.5 times higher in frequency, see Appendix). Thiscombination works well for a couple of reasons: a higher-pitch resonant head helps minimizesnare buzz and a lower-pitch batter head avoids choking the drum. When tuning to higherfundamental pitches, eg., above 3G, it’s a good idea to keep the resonant head from exceedinga lug-frequency of 400 Hz, to avoid stretching or choking; typical resonant heads are only 3 mils.thick and can easily deform. In these cases simply reduce the size of the interval to perfectfourths or major thirds (1.33 or 1.26 respectively) or lower, to keep the resonant head fromgetting too high in lug pitch.RecommendationsSuggested top and bottom (batter and resonant) head lug tuning frequencies for a typical 14”snare drum are listed below. Depending on the specific drum, and the thickness of the drumheads, the required frequencies may vary so try these as a starting point and adjust accordingly.Lug-Frequencies for a typical 14” Snare Drum.Fund. Note3E3F3F#3G3G#3A3A#IntervalPerfect FifthPerfect FifthPerfect FifthPerfect FifthPerfect FourthMajor Third-Top Lug Freq. (Hz)229240252266299318356Snare Lug Freq. (Hz)343359378398398400400 Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
Bass Drum TuningA lot of factors go into tuning your bass drum such as, the type of heads, use of cut-outs or kickports in the resonant head and the type of damping, eg., a pillow in the drum etc. A goodstarting point is to tune the lug-frequency of the resonant head a perfect fifth (1.5 times) higherin frequency than the batter head. Some people prefer the opposite while others prefer theheads closer in lug-frequency; again, a matter personal preference and some experimentationmay pay off.DiameterFund. C#1D1D#1E1F1F#1GBatter Lug Freq. (Hz)4952555861646871Resonant Lug Freq. (Hz)747882879196101107 Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
Appendix A. Musical Intervals for Drum TuningBefore describing each of these interval relationships in detail some terminology will bedefined. First, an octave corresponds to a doubling in frequency, for example the notes A (220Hz) and A (440 Hz) are one octave apart. Second, there are twelve semi-tones in an octave (A,A# G#) and the semitones are evenly spaced, i.e., the frequency ratio of any two successivesemi-tones are equal. Expressed mathematically, the frequency ratio of two successive semitones isand consequently, the frequency ratio of 12 consecutive semi-tones is(), exactly one octave as required.Major ThirdsConsecutive notes in this interval are 4 semitones apart, or equivalently, have a frequency ratioof. Since there are 12 semi-tones in an octave, a set of 4 notes in major thirdsspans an octave and is a good choice for tuning a set of 4 or more toms. The following tableshows all possible sequences of major thirds. The top row in the table shows the correspondingfrequency ratios to allow arbitrary tuning in #DD#1.59G#AA#BCC#DD#EFF#G2.0CC#DD#EFFGG#AAB Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
Perfect FourthsConsecutive notes in this interval are 5 semitones apart, or equivalently, have a frequency ratioof. This interval is a good choice for tuning a set of 4 toms if you want to spanmore than a single octave in frequency. The following table shows all possible sequences ofperfect fourths. The top row in the table shows the corresponding frequency ratios to allowarbitrary tuning in perfect .78A#BCC#DD#EFF#GG#A2.38D#EFF#GG#AA#BCC#DPerfect FifthsConsecutive notes in this interval are 7 semitones apart, or equivalently, have a frequency ratioof. This interval is a good choice for tuning a set of 2 or 3 toms. The followingtable shows all possible sequences of perfect fifths. The top row in the table shows thecorresponding frequency ratios to allow arbitrary tuning in perfect fifths.1.0CC#DD#EFF#G1.5GG#AA#BCC#D2.25DD#EFF#GG#A Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
G#AA#BD#EFF#A#BCC#Major ChordsA major chord consists of three notes, a root note, a major-third, and a perfect-fifth (7 semitones from the root note). The three notes in a chord are a good choice for tuning a set of 3toms. The following table shows major chords for every major scale. The top row in the tableshows the corresponding frequency ratios to allow arbitrary tuning with major 5GG#AA#BCC#DD#EFF# Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
The Call to the PostThe 4 notes making up the song, "The Call to the Post", are also a popular choice in tom tuningand are separated by 5, 4, and 3 semi-tones respectively. The following table shows thesequence in all possible major keys. The top row in the table shows the correspondingfrequency ratios to allow arbitrary tuning to this AA#BCC#DD#EFF#GG#2.0CC#DD#EFF#GG#AA#BAppendix B. Frequencies of Musical Notes for first Five 2.3659.3698.5740.0784.0830.6880.0932.2987.8 Overtone Labs 2012. All rights reserved.
Drum-Set Tuning Guide Tune-Bot enables you to accurately tune your drums to a specific notes or frequencies and once you know the notes or frequencies you want, you can quickly tune and retune your drums. This tuning guide will help you determine the notes and frequencies to use for your specific drum-set.
around the drum. 4) Insert one bass drum spur (5) (leg) on each side and hand tighten them with the T-handle located on the bracket. 1) Bass Drum 2) Bass Drum Hoops 3) Bass Drum Heads a. Front b. Back 4) Bass Drum Tension Rods & Claw Hooks 5) Bass Drum Spur 6) Bass Drum Pedal 7) Bass Drum Beater 8) Floor Tom 9) Floor Tom Key Rods 10) Floor Tom .
The bass drum is the foundation of the drumset.The basic function of the bass drum is to state the beat or pulse of the song. The BASS DRUM is played with the bass drum pedal by the right foot.The bass drum pedal beater should rebound off of the bass drum head like a bouncing ball. Properly adjusting the angle of the bass drum pedal beater is .
coloration. In Virginia, red drum are called "channel bass." Anglers in North Carolina refer to red drum less than 15 pounds as "puppy drum," those 15 to 30 pounds as "yearlings," and those heavier than 30 pounds are simply "drum." Throughout the text, I will use the accepted common name, red drum. The red drum is a member of .
How to Manually Tune the Control Loop 70 Tuning the Displacement Control Mode 71 Tuning the Force Control Mode 76 Tuning the Strain Control Mode 82 How to Perform Advanced Tuning Techniques 88 How to Auto-Tune
OS Performance - Filesystem Tuning - Filesystems - Other Filesystems Performance Tuning Exercise 2 OS Performance - General - Virtual Memory - Drive tuning - Network Tuning Core Settings TCP/IP Settings - CPU related tuning - 2.4 Kernel tunables - 2.6 Kernel tunables Performance Tuning Exercise 3 Performance Monitoring
surface like a snare drum, will not be successful on the drum set. A drummer must have a level of independence between: Right hand - Ride Cymbal Left hand - Snare Drum Right Foot - Bass Drum Left Foot - Hi-hat Each limb plays a different instrument (Drum or Cymbal) at the same time.
Tune-up Kit Fits: Prestolite V-6 9-29315 Tune-up Kit, Fits: Prestolite V-8 9-29316 Tune-up Kit Fits: Prestolite V-8 Clipdown 9-29317 Tune-up Kit Fits: Thunderbolt V-6 Now includes cap screws 9-29318 Tune-up Kit Replaces: Mercruiser 898253T29, PCM, Volvo, others For: 2001 & newer 5.0L, 5.7L, & 6.2L MPI models w/Delco V-8 ignition 9-29319 Tune-up Kit
Leadership is a new requirement and is defined in its own section within the new ISO 14001:2015 standard. This means that top management throughout the organisation are expected to take a more hands on approach to the EMS. This will ensure companywide motivation and commitment towards goals, a continued focus on improvement, and the effectiveness of the EMS. Clause 6. ‘Planning’ - Risk and .
