Anatomy Of The Digestive System - Apchute

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ighapmLre38pg295 300 5/12/04 3:25 PM Page 295 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts:NAMELAB TIME/DATEREVIEW SHEETexerciseAnatomy of theDigestive System38General Histological Plan of the Alimentary Canal1. The general anatomical features of the digestive tube are listed below. Fill in the table to complete the information.Wall layerSubdivisions of the layer(if applicable)Major functionsmucosa1) epithelium2) lamina propria3) muscularis mucosaabsorptionsecretionsubmucosa(not applicable)vascular supply for mucosa; protectionmuscularis externa1) circular layer2) longitudinal layerchurning; mixing; propulsion of food along the tractserosa or adventitia(not applicable)protectionOrgans of the Alimentary Canal2. The tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the mouth to the anus is the alimentarycanal.3. How is the muscularis externa of the stomach modified? It has a third (obliquely oriented) muscle layer.How does this modification relate to the function of the stomach? Vigorous churning activity occurs here.4. What transition in epithelium type exists at the gastroesophageal junction? Changes from stratified squamous (esophagus) tosimple columnar (stomach)How do the epithelia of these two organs relate to their specific functions? The esophagus is subjected to constant abrasion(stratified squamous is well adapted for this). The stomach has secretory (and some absorptive) functions.5. Differentiate between the colon and the large intestine. The large intestine includes the colon, but also includes the cecum, vermiform appendix, rectum, and anal canal.Review Sheet 38295

ighapmLre38pg295 300 5/12/04 3:25 PM Page 296 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts:6. Match the items in column B with the descriptive statements in column A.Column AColumn Bl1. structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior bodywalla.anusy2. fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase thesurface area for absorptionb.appendixc.circular foldsp3. large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of thesmall intestined.esophagus4. deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely orpartially around the circumference of the small intestinee.frenulumf.greater omentumg.hard palateh.haustrai.ileocecal valvej.large intestinek.lesser omentuml.mesenterycn5. regions that break down foodstuffs mechanicallyw6. mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiatesswallowingq7. conduit for both air and foodfd296, v, k, l8. three structures continuous with and representing modifications of the peritoneum9. the “gullet”; no digestive/absorptive functions10. folds of the gastric mucosah11.m12. projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial celli13. valve at the junction of the small and large intestinest14. primary region of food and water absorptione15. membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouthjsacculations of the large intestinem. microvillin.oral cavityo.parietal peritoneum16. absorbs water and forms fecesp.Peyer’s patchesx17. area between the teeth and lips/cheeksq.pharynxb18. wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecumr.pyloric valvev19. initiates protein digestions.rugaek20. structure attached to the lesser curvature of the stomacht21. organ distal to the stomacht.small intestiner22. valve controlling food movement from the stomach into theduodenumu.soft palatev.stomachu23. posterosuperior boundary of the oral cavityt24. location of the hepatopancreatic sphincter through which pancreatic secretions and bile passo25. serous lining of the abdominal cavity wallj26. principal site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganismsa27. region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelledg28. bone-supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavityReview Sheet 38w. tonguex.vestibuley.villiz.visceral peritoneum

ighapmLre38pg295 300 5/12/04 3:25 PM Page 297 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts:7. Correctly identify all organs depicted in the diagram below.Oral cavity properParotid gland and ductVestibulePharynxSublingual glandand ductsSubmandibulargland and ductEsophagusGallbladderCardiac region of the stomachLiverPyloric portion of the stomachHepatic ductCystic ductSplenic flexure(left colic flexure)Common bile ductDuodenumPancreatic ductPancreas with ductHepatic flexure(right colic flexure)Transverse colonJejunumDescending colonAscending colonSigmoid colonIleumIleocecal junctionCecumAppendixRectumAnal sphincters (Anal canal)AnusReview Sheet 38297

ighapmLre38pg295 300 5/12/04 3:25 PM Page 298 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts:8. You have studied the histological structure of a number of organs in this laboratory. Three of these are diagrammed below.Identify and correctly label each.gastric pitsimple columnar tinal glandPeyer’spatches(a) stomachduodenal gland(c) duodenum (small intestine)(b) ileum (small intestine)Accessory Digestive Organs9. Correctly label all structures provided with leader lines in the diagram of a molar below. (Note: Some of the terms in the keyfor item 10 may be helpful in this task.)EnamelDentinCrownPulp cavityGingivaNeckaPeridontal ligamentfBoneRooteCementumdRoot canalbc298Review Sheet 38Bloodvesselsand nervesin pulp

ighapmLre38pg295 300 5/12/04 3:25 PM Page 299 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts:10. Use the key to identify each tooth area described below.Key:a.anatomical crownc1. visible portion of the tooth in situb.cementumb2. material covering the tooth rootc.clinical crowne3. hardest substance in the bodyd.dentinh4. attaches the tooth to bone and surrounding alveolar structurese.enamelj5. portion of the tooth embedded in bonef.gingivad6. forms the major portion of tooth structure; similar to boneg.odontoblastg7. produces the dentinh.periodontal ligamenti8. site of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphaticsi.pulpa9. entire portion of the tooth covered with enamelj.root11. In the human, the number of deciduous teeth is 2012. The dental formula for permanent teeth is; the number of permanent teeth is 32.2, 1, 2, 3 2 322, 1, 2, 3Explain what this means. There are 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars in each jaw (upper and lower) from the medianline posteriorly.2, 1, 0, 22I, 1C, 2M 2 or 2 (no premolars)2,1,0,22I, 1C, 2MWhat is the dental formula for the deciduous teeth?13. What teeth are the “wisdom teeth”? The number 3 (most posterior) molars.14. Various types of glands form a part of the alimentary tube wall or duct their secretions into it. Match the glands listed in column B with the function/locations described in column A.Column AColumn Ba1. produce(s) mucus; found in the submucosa of the small intestinea.duodenal glandsf2. produce(s) a product containing amylase that begins starchbreakdown in the mouthb.gastric glandse3. produce(s) a whole spectrum of enzymes and an alkaline fluid that issecreted into the duodenumc.intestinal cryptsd.liverd4. produce(s) bile that it secretes into the duodenum via the bile ducte.pancreasb5. produce(s) HCl and pepsinogenf.salivary glandsc6. found in the mucosa of the small intestine; produce(s) intestinal juice15. Which of the salivary glands produces a secretion that is mainly serous? Parotid.16. What is the role of the gallbladder? To store and concentrate bile made by the liver.17. Name three structures always found in the portal triad regions of the liver. Branch of the bile ductbranch of hepatic artery,and branch of hepatic portal vein.Review Sheet 38299

ighapmLre38pg295 300 5/12/04 3:25 PM Page 300 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts:18. Where would you expect to find the Kupffer cells of the liver? Lining the sinusoids.What is their function? Phagocytosis of debris.19. Why is the liver so dark red in the living animal? Because it is a blood reservoir.20. The pancreas has two major populations of secretory cells—those in the islets and the acinar cells. Which population servesthe digestive process? Acinar cells.300Review Sheet 38

NAME _ LAB TIME/DATE _ REVIEW SHEET Anatomy of the exercise38 Digestive System Review Sheet 38 295 General Histological Plan of the Alimentary Canal 1. The general anatomical features of the digestive tube are listed below. Fill in the table to complete the information.

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