FOLK MUSIC OF THE UNITED STATES Laboratory ANGLO-AMERICAN
FOLK MUSIC OF THE UNITED STATESMusic DivisionRecording Laboratory AFS L14ANGLO-AMERICANSONGS AND BALLADSFrom the Arohive of Folk SongLIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTONEdited by Duncan Emrloh
At-BARBARA ALLEN.Sung with guitar by Bill Nicholson; accom panied on steel guitar by Zane Shrader ofNew Albany, Ind. Recorded at Renfro Val ley, Ky., 1946, by Artus M. Moser.The ballad of "Barbara Allen" continues to bethe most popular of the old Scottish balladsfound in the United States. This version, sungwith guitar by Bill Nicholson and also accom panied by Zane Shrader playing an electric steel7.As she was walking o'er the fieldsShe heard the death bell knelling,Each stroke it took it seemed to say,"Hard-hearted Barbara Allen."8.She looked to the east, she looked to thewest,She saw the pale corpse a-camin',"Go bring the pale corpse over here to me,That I may gaze upon him."guitar, shows influences of current radio tech 9.nique which can, of CQurse. be increasingly ex pected in the traditional ballads. It is a full ver Till she fell to the ground a-cryin',Saying, "Take me up and carry me homeFor I think that I'm a-dyin'.sion which may be compared with record no.AFS Ll, A4, sung without accompaniment byMrs. Rebecca Tarwater.For full references, see: Arthur Kyle Davis,Traditional Ballads of Virginia (Harvard Univer sity Press, 1929), pp. 302-345.1.The more she looked, the more shemourned,10. Father, oh father, go dig my grave,Go dig it long and narrow,Sweet William died for me today,I'll die for him tomorrow."In Scarlet Town where 1 was bornThere was a fair maid dwellin'Made every youth cry "Wel-a-way,"Her name was Barbara Allen.11. They buried him [her] there in the oldchurch yard,And buried William nigh her,On William's grave grew a big red roseOn Barbara's grew a green briar.2.'Twas in that merry month of MayWhen green buds were a-swellin',Sweet William on his death bed layFor the love of Barbara Allen.3.He sent his servant to the townWhere Barbara was a-dwell in',"My master is sick and sends for you,If yot!f name be Barbara Allen."4.Then slowly, slowly she got up,And slowly she came nigh him,But all she said when she got there,12. They climbed and they climbed on the oldchurch towerTill they couldn't climb no higher,They tied at the top in a true love's knot,The red rose arotlnri the green hriar.A2-THE CHERRY TREE CAROLSung by Mrs. Maud Long at Hot Springs,N. C, 1946. Recorded by Artus M. Moser.The source of "The Cherry-Tree Carol" isfound in the Pseudo-Matthew's gospel, chapter20, which is briefly summarized by ProfessorChild: "On the third day of the flight into Egypt,Mary, feeling the heat to be oppressive, tellsJoseph that she will rest for a while under thepalm tree. Joseph helps her light from her beast,and Mary, looking up from under the tree, andseeing it full of fruit. asks for some. Josephsomewhat testily expresses his surprise that sheshould think of such a thing, considering the"Young man, I think you're dyin',5.Do you remember in yonder townWhen we were at the tavern,You drank to the health of the ladies allaroundBut slighted Barbara Allen?6.Oh, yes, you're sick, you're very sick,And death on you is dwellin',But no better, no better you never can beheight of the tree; he is much more concerned toFor you can't have Barbara Allen."get a supply of water. Then Jesus, sitting on his1
mother's lap, bids the palm to bow down andrefresh his mother with its fruit. The palm in stantly bends its top to Mary's feet."The story as we have it in the carol is alteredconsiderably. The palm becomes a cherry-tree;Joseph's reply ill-humoredly insinuates that Maryhas been unfaithful; and the Lord, rather thanJesus, speaks and orders the tree to bow down.In other American versions, however, the Childmiraculously speaks from Mary's womb to orderthe miracle. Here He speaks only in answer tothe'luestion about His birth date. It is of interestthat the "fifth day of January" was, according to"Old Style" reckoning, the date of ChristmasDay between the years 1752 and 1799. In 1751,when a change in the calendar had become nec essary, eleven days were dropped out betweenSeptember 2 and 14, 1752, thus making January5 the date of Old Christmas Day. In 1800,another day was dropped and in 1900 still an other, so that Old Christmas Day now falls onJanuary 7.4.cherries for you,"Saying, "Let the father of your baby gathercherries for you,"5.Mary gathers some,Bow you low down, you cherry tree, whileMary gathers some."6.stood around,7.knee,Joseph were a young man, a young manwere he,And he courted Virgin Mary, the Queenof Galilee,And he courted Virgin Mary, the Queenof Galilee.9.3.Mary spoke to Joseph so meek and so mild,"Joseph, gather me some cherries for I amwith child,Joseph, gather me some cherries for I amwith child."Then Joseph took Mary all on his right"Pray tell me, little baby, when yourbirthday shall be,Pray tell me, little baby, when yourbirthday shall be."8.Mary and Joseph were a-walking one day,"Here is apples and cherries a-plenty tobehold,Here is apples and cherries a-plenty tobehold."The cherry tree bowed down, it was low onthe groundAnd Mary gathered cherries while JosephAnd Mary gathered cherries while Josephstood around.For further information and references, see2.The Lord spoke down from Heaven, thesewords he did say,"Bow you low down, you cherry tree, whilethe following two works from which this text waslargely drawn: Arthur Kyle Davis, TraditionalBallads of Virginia (Harvard University Press,1929), pp. 172-74; Cecil J. Sharp, EnglishFolk Songs from the Southern Appalachians(Oxford University Press, 1932), I, pp. 90--94and notes, p. 414.I.Joseph flew in anger, in anger he flew,Saying, "Let the father of your baby gather"On the fifth day of January my birthdayshall beWhen the stars and the elements shalltremble with fear,When the stars and the elements shalltremble with fear."Then Joseph took Mary all on his left knee,Saying. uLord, have mercy upon me, forwhat have I done?"Saying, "Lord, have mercy upon me, forwhat have I done?"A3-FRANK JAMES, THE ROVING GAM BLER (THE BOSTON BURGLAR).Sung by L. D. Smith at Swannanoa, N. c.,1946. Recorded by Artus M. Moser.The singer of this song, Mr. L. D. Smith, titlesit for himself as "Frank James, the Roving Gam 2
bIer," but it is clearly a variant of the song moregenerally known in this country as "The BostonBurglar" and in England as "Botany Bay." Thisis an excellent example of the growth and changein folk songs. The places of Boston and Charles town (Jail) have been localized to Louisville,Asheville, and Frankfort. Frank James, brotherof Jesse, becomes the leading figure, while thestanzas relating to the visits of the jailer, sweet heart, and mother to the cell door are not foundin the usual versions of "The Boston Burglar,"and seem to be borrowed from an independentballad. Certainly the reference to the "Twenty fifth Chapter of Matthew" is more specific moral izing than that found in other ballads of eitherEnglish or American origin.For further information, see: Dorothy Scar borough, A Song Catcher in Southern Mountains(Columbia University Press, 1937), pp. 289 96; Cecil J. Sharp, English Folk Songs from theSouthern Appalachians (Oxford University Press,1932), II, p. 66; John Harrington Cox, Folk Songs of the South (Harvard University Press,1925), pp. 296-99.I.2.One night when I lay sleeping, I dreamed afrightful dream,'S I dreamed I was in AsheviIle on someclear [?] purple stream,My friends had all forsaken me, no one togo my bail,As I woke up broken-hearted in Haw thorne's county jail.5.Around carne the jailer about ten o'clock,The keys in his hands, he pressed them tothe lock, leheer up, cheer up, my prisoner," Ithought I heard the old boss say,"They'll send you 'round the mountain one'Ieven long years to stay."6.Then around came my sweetheart abouteleven o'clock,The novels in her hand, she pressed themto the lock,"Cheer up, cheer up, my prisoner," Ithought I heard the old boss say,UThey'll send you 'round the mountain one'l ven long years to stay."I was raised up in Louisville, a town youall knew well,Raised up by honest parents, to you thetruth I'll tell,Raised up by honest parents most kindand tenderly,Until I came a drinking man at the age oftwenty-three.7.Then around came my mother abouttwelve o'clock,With a Bible in her hand she pressed it tothe lock,Says, "Tum to the 25th chapter of Matthew,go read both night and day,Remember your old mother and don'tforget to pray."'S I used to be a poor boy and I worked8.They put me on a northbound train boundfor the Frankfort town,'S every station I passed through all peoplewould seem to say,"Yander goes Frank James the burglar forsome big crime or other,He's bound for the Frankfort Jail."up on the square,I learned to pocket money and I did nottake it fair,'S I worked out day by day and at nightI'd rob and steal,So when I'd make a great big haul, howhappy I would feel3.4.As I used to ride a big bay horse and drivethe buggy fine,'S I courted a lady and I often called hermine,'S I courted her for beauty and to me loveA4--CAROLINE OF EDINBORO' TOWN.Sung by Charles Ingenthron of Thornton,Calif. Recorded at Walnut Shade, Mo.,1941, by Vance Randolph.This tragic ballad of Caroline of Edinboro'Town was popular in both England and theUnited States and was published here in many ofthe early songsters. A sequel to this, which haswas great,For when she saw me coming she'd meetme at the gate.3
5.not survived as well, however, recounts the fateof young Henry who, after two disastrous ship wrecks, was finally killed in a third. The balladmoralized that no one should mourn for him,since he received his just desserts, but that thefate of both Caroline and Henry should be awarning to young lovers and their parents aswell.For further references, see: Mary O. Eddy,Bal/ads and Songs from Ohio (New York, 1939),pp. 165-66.I.So beat your way without delay toEdinboro' Town."Appressed with grief without relief, thismaiden she did goUnto the woods to eat such fruit as onthe bushes grow.6.Beneath a lofty, speading oak, this maidensat down to cryA-watching of that gallant fleet as it wentpassing by;She gave three shrieks for Henry andplunged her bidy [body] downAnd away floated Caroline of Edinboro'Town.7.A note, like lies [likewise] her bonnet, sheleft upon the shore,And in the note a lock of hair with theCome all young men and maidens, comelisten to my rhyme,'Tis of a fair young damsel who's scarcelyin her prime;She beats the blushing roses, admired byall around,'Tis comely young Caroline of Edinboro'Town.2.words, "I am no more.Young Henry being a Highland ladIt's fast asleep, I'm in the deep, the fisheswatching round,'Tis comely young Caroline of Edinboro'a-courting to her came,And when her parents came to know theydid not like the same;Young Henry being offended he unto herdid say,"Come rise you up, my dearest Caroline,and with me run away.3.We'll go up to London, love, and there we'llwed with speed,And then my dearest Caroline shall havehappiness indeed."Being enticed by young Henry, she put onher other gownAnd away went young Caroline ofEdinboro' Town.4.Over hil1s and lofty mountains togetherthey did go,Till the time they arrived in London farfrom her happy home;They had not been in London, not morethan half a year,Till hard-hearted Henry he proved to herSays Henry, "I'll go to sea, your friends didon me frown,Town."AS-YOUNG CHARLOTfE.Sung by 1. G. Greer of Thomasville, N. c.,with dulcimer by Mrs. 1. G. Greer. Record ed at Washington, D. C., 1945, by DuncanEmrich."Young Charlotte" or "The Frozen Girl" is,according to Belden, "perhaps the most widelyknown and best loved of native American folk songs." Many may disagree with this statement,but the versions of the song which have beenlocated in places as widely separated as NovaScotia and Califorrtia, Texas and Michigan doattest to its continuing popularity. Belden pointsout also that it is "surprising to find it traditionallyknown in Georgia and Mississippi, where sleighs,let alone freezing to death on a sleigh-ride, mustbe unknown."Unlike the great majority of ballads and folksongs, the individual authorship of "Young Char lotte" has been traced finally to Seba Smith, theMaine-born New York journalist, who publishedit in The Rovers (II, no. 15, p. 225) in Decem severe.4
5.ber 1843. This does not make it any less afolk song for it has since been transmitted by oraltradition and is authorless to its singers and evento the great majority of collectors, who havefound many variants of tune and text. In thisconnection, the version collected by Carl Sand burg for his A merican Songbag may be comparedwith the one sung here by Mr. Greer.For further information, see the followingwork from which this text was largely drawn:H. M. Belden, Ballads and Songs Collected bythe Missouri Folk-Lore Society, University ofMissouri Studies, XV, no. I, 1940, pp. 308-17."Such a night," said Charles, "I never knew,these lines I scarce can hold,"And Charlottie said in a very feeble voice,"I'm growing very cold.".He cracked his whip, he urged his steedmuch faster than before,Saying, "It's five long dreadful miles to goand it's o'er ice and snow."6."How fast," said Charles, "the frosty icekeeps gathering on my brow,"And Charlottie said in a very feeble voice,"I'm growing warmer now."I.2.Young Charlottie lived by the mountainside in a wild and lonely spot,Not a dwelling house in five miles aroundexcept her father's cot;On many a pleasant winter night young folkwould gather there,Her father kept a social house and she wasyoung and fair.7.has no power to move?"He took her hand in his-Oh, God!-andit was deathly cold.It was New Year's eve, the sun was low,joy beamed in her hright blue eyes,As to the window she would go to watchthe sleighs pass by;8.It was New Year's eve, the sun was down,4.Young Charles knelt down by her side, thebitter tears did flow,"My own, my true intended bride, I nevermore shall know."joy beamed in her bright blue eyes,She watched until young Charlie's sleighcame swiftly dashing by.3.He drove up to the ballroom door, steppedout and reached his hand,He asked her once, he asked her twice, heasked her three times o'er,"Why sit you there like a monument thatHe twined his arms about her neck, thebitter tears did flow,And his thoughts turned back to the placewhere she said, "I'm growing warmer now."In a village fifteen miles away there's amerry ball tonight,The air is dreadful, chilly cold but her heartwas warm and bright;uOh, daughter, dear" the mother said, uthisblanket 'round you fold,'Tis a dreadful night to go abroad, you'llcatch your deathly cold."BI-JACK OF DIAMONDS.Sung with guitar by Bill Nicholson; accom panied by Zane Shrader with steel guitar, ofew Albany, Ind. Recorded at Renfro Val ley, Ky., 1946, by Artus M. Moser.Sometimes titled "Rye Whiskey" and "ClinchMountain," this song and its many easily createdand varying stanzas is a hardy favorite whereverguitars and men and rye meet in common epjoy ment. The semibelligerent "Them that don't likeit can leave me alone" states the American's in dependent right to go his own way, while the"H-e-e-c! 0 Lordy!", which now appears in al most all versions of the song, is a humorous ad mission of the regrettable aftereffects induced byKentucky's famous product."Oh, no, oh, no," the daughter said, andshe laughed like a gypsy queen,"To ride in a sleigh all muflled up I nevercan be seen.Her cloak and bonnet soon were on, theystepped into the sleigh,And around the mountain side they went formany miles away.It5
For another text, see: Carl Sandburg, TheAmerican Songbag (New York, 1927), p. 307.I.11. Whiskey, you villain,You've been my downfall,You've kicked me, you've cuffed me,But I love you for all.Jack 0' Diamonds, Jack 0' Diamonds,I've known you of old,You've robbed my poor pocketsOf silver and gold.2.Whiskey, you villain,You've been my downfall,You've kicked me, you've cuffed me,But I love you for all.3.They say I drink whiskey,12. H-e-e-e! Oh, lordy,How bad I do feel!H-e-e-e! Oh, lordy,How bad I do feel!B2-0LD SMOKY.Sung by I. G. Greer of Thomasville, N. C.Recorded at Washington, D. C., 1945, byDuncan Emrich."Old Smoky," which is also titled "The Wag goner's Lad" and bears a relation to "The Un My money's my own,And them that don't like itCan leave me alone.4.'Cause I'll eat when I'm hungry,I'll drink when I'm dry,And when I get thirstyI'll lay down and die.constant Lover," is a favorite in North Carolina,Kentucky, and Virginia and has spread to othersections of the country. There are many varianttexts and versions of tunes. One of the most in teresting stanzas, not included here, characterizesthe faithlessness of young suitors:They will hug and kiss youAnd tell you more liesThan the spikes in the railroadOr the stars in the skies.For additional texts and references, see: Doro thy Scarborough, A Song Catcher in SouthernMountains (Columbia University Press, 1937),pp. 272-82; H. M. Belden, Ballads and SongsCollected by the Missouri Folk-Lore Society(University of Missouri, 1940), pp. 473-76;Cecil J. Sharp, English Folk Songs from theSouthern Appalachians (Oxford UniversityPress, 1932), p. 123.5.H-e-e-c! Oh,lordy,How bad I do feel!H-e-e-e! Oh, lordy,How bad I do feel!6.If the ocean was whiskeyAnd I was a duck,I'd dive to the bottomAnd never come up.7.Whiskey, rye whiskey,Rye whiskey I cry,If I don't get my whiskeyI surely will die.8.It's beefsteak when I'm hungry,Rye whiskey when I'm dry,The greenbacks when I'm hard upAnd heaven when I die.1.On top of old SmokyAll covered with snowI lost my true loverBy courting too slow.9.Whiskey, rye whiskey,Rye whiskey I cry,If I don't get my whiskeyI surely will die.2.Courting is a pleasure,Parting is grief,But hard-hearted parentsAre worse than a thief.10. Jack 0' Diamonds, Jack 0' Diamonds,I've known you of old,You've robbed my poor pocketsOf silver and gold.3."Your parents are against me,And mine are against you,But, Nancy, I love youWhatever they do.6I.I
4.5.2.I'm going now to leave you,To tell you good-bye,And leave you a-weepingOn Smoky so higb."She washed my clothes in live soap suds,She peeled my back with switches,She let me know right up to dateShe's gonna wear my britches.Rinkturn-dinktum-tarry,Prettiest little girl in all this world,Her name was Devilish Mary."It's raining, it's hailing,The moon gives no light,Your horse can't see to travelThis dark, lonesome night.3.6.Go put up your horse nowAnd feed him some hay,Come sit down beside meAs long as you'll stay."7."My horse he is hungry,But he won't eat your hay,Your daddy's so durn stingyI'll feed on the way.8.Rinktum-dinktum-tarry,Prettiest little girl in all this world,Her name was Devilish Mary.4.Old Smoky, old Smoky,Keep watch o'er my love,She's as true as your mountainsAnd as pure as the dove."If ever I marry the second time,It'll be for love nor [not] riches,['II marry one about two feet high,So she can't wear my britches.Rinktum-dinktum-tarry,Prettiest little girl in all this world,Her name was Devilish Mary.B3--DEVILISH MARY.Sung by Paul Rogers of Paint Lick, Ky.Recorded at Renfro Valley, Ky., 1946, byArtus M. Moser.The plight of the young man who marries onlyto find that his wife is wearing the "britches" inthe family is humorously set forth in "DevilishMary." It is a mountain song and typical of thetongue-in-cheek "fueding" between the menfolkand womenfolk. How serious these songs can bedepends, of course, upon the immediate settingand the occasional spat which calls one to mind.As sung here by Paul Rogers, it is full of goodhumor. The applause which is heard slightly atthe end of the song comes from the audience atthe Renfro Valley Folk Festival, where the rec ord was made.I.We'd just been married about two weeks,We thought we'd better be parted,She bundled her up a little bundle of clothesAnd down the road she started.B4--DARLING CORY.Sung with guitar by Pleaz Mobley of Man chester, Ky. Recorded at Renfro Valley,Ky., 1946, by Artus M. Moser.Co
Sung with guitar by Bill Nicholson; accom panied on steel guitar by Zane Shrader of . New Albany, Ind. Recorded at Renfro Val ley, Ky., 1946, by Artus M. Moser. The ballad of "Barbara Allen" continues to be the most popular of the old Scottish ballads found in the United States. This version, sung
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Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
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Folk Music The purpose of folk music is to tell stories or to disseminating information. Folk music typically originates from an anonymous hearth. As people migrate, folk music travels with them as part of the diffusion of folk culture. Popular Music Popular music is deliberately written to be sold and performed. While some forms of
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Eugenio, 2007 classifies Philippine Folk Literature into three major groups: Folk narratives, folk speech, and folk songs. Folk narratives can either be in prose - the alamat (folklore), the legend, and the kuwentong bayan (folktale) - or in verse, as in the case of the folk narratives. Folk speech includes the bugtong (riddle) and .
