THE REAL PIONEERS OF COLORADO - Denver Public Library History
THE REAL PIONEERS OF COLORADOByMaria Davies McGrathVolume IThe Denver Museum1934Document Division ofThe Denver MuseumClerical work done byCWA Project No. 551Retyped to make available on the InternetOctober 2001Jane P. Ohl, VolunteerDenver Public LibraryWestern History and Genealogy1
RECOMMENDED PUBLICATIONSBenson, Maxine, 1994. 1001 Colorado Place Names, University Press of Kansas,Lawrence, 237 pages. ISBN 0-7006-0632-7 (cloth:alk. paper). -ISBN 0-7006-0633-5(paper:alk. paper)Noel, Thomas J., Paul F. Mahoney, and Richard E. Stevens, 1994. HistoricalAtlas of Colorado, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, unnumbered pages. ISBN0-8061-2555-1.Ormes, Robert, 1971. Guide to the Colorado Mountains. 6th Edition. Sage Books,The Swallow Press Inc., Chicago. 300 p. Library of Congress Catalog cardnumber 72-115033.2
NOTESThroughout this retyping of an extraordinary collection of data, I have beenimpressed with the destination of many emigrants to the “Pike’s Peak” goldarea. Some have arrived at Old Colorado City, southwest of Colorado Springs;some came by way of the Arkansas River, arriving at Fountain City, now part ofPueblo; some arrived in what is now Denver; some arrived far north of Denver,having followed the South Platte River. Many were walking or guiding slowmoving animals. The view to the south from downtown Denver, on a clear day,reveals the magnificent peak, but it is 70 miles away. From Pueblo County, theview northward is nearly as distant, both very impressive walks from Denver,with or without teams of animals. So, the emigrants had a very broad view ofwhat “Pike’s Peak excitement” meant, geographically.Pikes Peak as a source of gold is related to the confirmed finding in 1891 ofgold telluride (years later than the 1858-60 “Pike’s Peak or bust” phenomenon),by W. S. Stratton, on the west side of the mountain, about 45 miles southwestof Colorado Springs. Though prospectors were active in the Pikes Peak regionas early as 1859, they overlooked the ores of Cripple Creek. Stratton filed aclaim on a “barren, granitic-appearing outcrop that proved to be gold ore worth 380 per ton.” (Principal gold-producing districts of the United States, by A.H. Koschmann and M. H. Bergendahl, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper610, p. 117-118, 1968.)The U. S. Board on Geographic Names does not use apostrophes in place names,therefore, Pike’s Peak is officially spelled Pikes Peak, and has been so usedthroughout this retyping.On November 1, 1861, the State of Colorado was divided into 17 counties. Fromnorthwest to southeast they were:Summit, Larimer, Weld, Boulder, Gilpin, Clear Creek, Arapahoe, Jefferson,Douglas, Lake, Park, El Paso, Fremont, Pueblo, Guadalupe (Conejos), Costilla,and Huerfano. There also was the Cheyenne and Arapaho reservation, abuttingthe eastern boundaries of El Paso and Pueblo Counties. (Noel and others, 1994,section 15, “The seventeen original counties.”)Present-day Colorado is divided into 63 counties. In November 2001, BroomfieldCounty will become number 64 and abut an area north of the City and County ofDenver.In many of the following biographical sketches the “Battle of Sand Creek” orthe “Sand Creek Massacre” is mentioned. In Noel and others, 1994, section 45and map 45c, the following is to be noted: “Many Native Americans did not signthe treaties and resisted white advances. Nor did the whites keep the promisesthat they made in the flawed Fort Laramie and Fort Wise treaties. Increasinglyhostile incidents culminated in the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre, where more thanone hundred Arapaho and Cheyenne--mostly children, women, and old men--wereslaughtered.” Sand Creek is now a historic site in Kiowa County, southeasternColorado.3
To myGranddaughterGriselda Dolores4
FOREWORDThe term “pioneer” has been described by Webster as “One who goes beforeto prepare the way for another.” The term “pioneer” as used in this workfollows the accepted general classification in Colorado, which is as follows:Pioneer era: Anyone arriving in what is now Colorado prior to February26, 1861, is known as a pioneer. Generally speaking, previous to that time,this region was little known except to Indians and occasional explorers. A fewbands of Mormons crossed the country en route to Utah.Territorial era: On February 26, 1861, Colorado was declared a territoryand remained so until August 1, 1876. Anyone arriving in the region duringthat period was known as a territorial son or daughter of Colorado.Maria Davies McGrath, the author, began this work some five years ago.Her desire to make a permanent record of the information that came her waythrough contacts with pioneers, coupled with the realization that accurateinformation should be made available, brought about a small beginning of thisvolume. The business of compiling some 1400 biographies in readable style wasnot an easy one. Mrs. McGrath, her own life enriched by pioneer experiences,brings to the reader true pictures.The rewards reaped by an author of biographical work of this sort arefew. Historical writings must be given the test of time before their realvalue is ascertained. By way of pointing forward, too much cannot be saidabout the care that the author has used in accurately preparing these volumes.Every item has been checked against all available sources. The author by nomeans implies that the people represented in this volume are the only realpioneers. Countless persons poured into the frontier on every caravan, and alike number returned to their homes in the East. Biographies of thousands ofpeople have not been available, and just as many thousands came West and theirstays were unrecorded.The Denver Museum counts itself fortunate in being able to sponsor thepublication of so important a document. The original manuscript, which wasentirely handwritten, was loaned to the museum for this compilation, which wasdone with CWA assistance. Six copies of the volume have been placed asfollows: The original copy belongs to the author; two other copies have beengiven to the Denver Public Library for the reference room and for the ColoradoCollection; another copy to the Denver Museum; one to the State HistoricalSociety; and one to Ben Draper.Maria Davies McGrathInscription page written by the author5
Vol. 1Page 5ISAAC ADAIR(1860)Isaac Adair was born in Ohio May 2, 1835. His first occupation after attaininghis majority was that of boatman on a canal. In 1860 he came to Denver as ateamster for Majors and Russell, the overland freighters and stage proprietors.For many years, he was engaged in freighting with mule teams from the MissouriRiver to as far west as Salt Lake and Oregon.While the Union Pacific [Railroad] was being built he was engaged as acontractor, furnishing ties and timber for the company. In January 1870 he wasmarried to V. Anna Shores of Cheyenne and shortly afterwards went to PleasantValley, Larimer County, where they lived until 1875 when they located on UpperBox elder and engaged in ranching, dairying and stock growing. There thefamily lived until 1904 when old age and declining health admonished them tosell their mountain holdings and move to Fort Collins.Mr. Adair died October 19, 1907, at Fort Collins, his wife survived him but ashort time. They left one daughter, Mrs. Dora Hazard of Central City,Colorado.Vol. 1Page 6GEORGE QUINCY ADAMS(1860)George Q. Adams was born in Ohio, came to Denver in 1860, where he made hishome for a number of years.He was one of the founders of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. Mr.Adams died on January 9, 1920, at his home, 4486 Meade St., at the age of 85years. He was survived by his widow, two sons, J. Walter Adams, superintendentof the Union Station at Omaha, Nebraska, and W. W. Adams of Kansas City, and astep-daughter.Vol. 1Page 7SAMUEL J. AIKINS(1858)Samuel J. Aikins was born in Bloomington, Illinois, December 16, 1835. At anearly age he moved with his parents to Ogle County, Illinois, where his earlylife was spent on a farm. In 1856, he went to Atchison County, Missouri, andfollowed farming for 2 years. In the fall of 1858 he came to Colorado andspent the winter at Boulder and in prospecting in the mountains. The followingMarch he returned to Missouri and farmed that season. In the spring of 1860 heagain came to Colorado, bringing with him his family, and located in BoulderCity. After spending the season in placer mining on Boulder Creek he took 160acres of land on that creek, 2 1/2 miles east of Boulder City, which hesubsequently preempted and on which he resided, engaged in farming until 1865.He sold this land and rented a farm 1 mile south of Valmont that he ran 3years. In 1868 he purchased 160 acres of land on Dry Creek, 5 miles east of6
Boulder, on which he resided, engaging in agricultural pursuits and inimproving the land and to which he added 80 acres of adjoining land.Mr. Aikins was married in 1856 to Miss Mary A. Burns.Vol. 1Page 8Captain THOMAS A. AIKINS(1858)Mr. Aikins was a ‘58er who at that early day came to the then almost unknownPikes Peak country in search of gold and, subsequently, became one ofColorado’s pioneer farmers. He was born in Maryland August 8, 1808. Hisfamily lived on a farm and, therefore, the early part of his life was spent ona farm and in that pursuit until 1832. He then moved to Franklin County, Ohio,where he was engaged in farming until 1841; thence moved to Ogle County,Illinois, following the same pursuit there until 1844--having also participatedin the Black Hawk Indian War--then resided in Atchison County, Missouri, from1844 to 1858.In November 1858 he emigrated to Colorado and was engaged in mining at GoldHill, Boulder Co., until the fall of 1859, then returned East and moved hisfamily to Colorado in the spring of 1860, residing in Boulder 1 year, occupyinghis attention in mining pursuits. He then preempted 160 acres 4 miles distantfrom Boulder and there resided until his death, which occurred in 1876.Mr. Aikins was married in the year 1833 to Miss Margaret S. Ross, to them wereborn four sons and one daughter: L. L. Aikins, born in Illinois Feb. 18, 1840,and Thurston W. Aikins born in Missouri Feb. 18, 1856.Vol. 1Page 9AUGUSTUS C. ALBEE (1860)Augustus C. Albee was born in Milford, Massachusetts, in 1835. His parentswere Clark and Vianna (Holbrook) Albee, natives of Massachusetts. Hiseducation was such as was to be gained in the public schools of his nativetown. He followed his father’s business of bookmaking until 1857 when he cameas far west as Clinton, Iowa. For 3 years he was engaged in farming. When heneeded merchandise he was obliged to drive 60 miles to Sioux City.In 1860 he started with ox teams for Colorado, coming across the plains fromOmaha to Denver 550 miles. Arriving in Denver in May 1860 he found a bigsnowstorm raging. He at once began teaming and freighting from Plum Creek toDenver; the next year he made several trips across the plains to CouncilBluffs, allowing about 10 weeks for each journey. In 1862 he freighted to themountains to the various mining camps: Black Hawk, Central City, CaliforniaGulch, and Breckenridge. In 1863 he commenced mining in French Gulch atLincoln City on Bed Rock flume and continued there for 2 years. In 1865 hewent into the dairy business on the Kiowa River, 40 miles from Denver, his maintrade being in cheese. A year later he returned to Lincoln City and resumedwork in the mines for about a year. The winter of 1866-67 he was associatedwith Warren Batchelor in general merchandising in Denver; the following springhe settled on the Platte River 43 miles northwest [sic] of Denver. He took up7
a homestead of 80 acres, which he has since sold. Then crossing to the easternside of the road, he bought a quarter section of land on which he has sincemade his home.He makes a specialty of raising draft horses and cows, keeping from 25 to 30head of each. For 14 years he was secretary of the Farmers’ Independent DitchCompany, which ditch he helped materially in getting constructed. He holdsstock in this and the Big Bend Ditch of which he built one-third; besides, heis financially interested in the Albee and Warden Ditch.In 1863 he married Helen E. Clark, daughter of Josiah Clark who came fromIllinois to Colorado in 1859 and became a miner and prospector.Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Albee: Louisa, deceased, Frank, Emma,Calvin, Ida, Susie, George, August, and Almira. The three last named aredeceased.Vol. 1Page 11ELISHA ALDENElisha Alden was born in New Hampshire in 1815. At 18 years of age heaccompanied his parents to Canada. A short time afterward he left the parentalroof and went to Springfield, Massachusetts, where he worked in a factory. Hewas also similarly employed in Wilbraham. After 5 years he returned to Canadaand on August 9, 1840, married Miss Turner, after which he engaged in farming.In 1855 he migrated to Minnesota and opened a meat market in Louisville. Threeyears later he removed to St. Cloud, Minnesota, where he purchased andcultivated farm land.In 1860 he became one of Colorado’s pioneers, leaving Minnesota March 12 andcrossing the plains with an ox team. From Denver he proceeded to the mountainsand engaged in prospecting at Fairplay, Alma, Buckskin Joe, Breckenridge andother points. In the fall he returned to Minnesota to spend the winter. May8, 1861, he began his return trip to Colorado, being accompanied by his familyand arriving in Denver July 31. Two days later he went to Mount Vernon,Jefferson County, where he engaged in the hotel business and remained until1870. He then went to Garo, Park County, and located 560 acres. This he latersold to his son Horace Alden, who at once began in the haying and cattlebusiness.After selling the property, Elisha, in 1879, purchased a ranch 2 miles west andthere remained for 2 years. At the age of 84 he was still active and robustand superintends the management of his ranch near Glenwood Springs (1890).Horace Alden, a son, was born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, February 2,1846. He was one of eight children born to Elisha and Ruhamah R. (Turner)Alden, of whom the following survive (1896): Viola, widow of William Staples ofSt. Cloud, Minnesota; Rosetta, wife of I.S. Staples, also of St. Cloud; Horace;Lucinda and Lorinda (twins), the former the wife of Joseph Rogers, a ranchmanof Park County, the latter married a Mr. Hill of Rossland, British Columbia;George, who died in April 1896 at Glenwood Springs. Mrs. Matilda Haff, theother daughter, died in 1881.8
Horace Alden married on February 2, 1873, in Golden, Colorado, Miss Dorothy L.Turner, daughter of Alfred L. Turner and a native of Canada. In the fall of1890 Mr. Alden was elected to the State Legislature on the Republican ticket,serving one term.Vol. 1Page 13NATHANIEL C. ALFORD (1859)Nathaniel C. Alford was born at South Hope, Maine, November 29, 1834. Until 18years of age he worked on a farm and then served 3 years learning the carpentertrade, receiving during this apprenticeship no other wages than his board. At21, he started west, arriving at Rockford, Illinois; he remained there 3 years,working at his trade.In the spring of 1859, the Pikes Peak gold excitement being at its height, hewas seized with the fever, which at that time drove so many young men to theWest. Joining with three others he went to St. Joseph, Missouri; on the firstof May, the party started on the overland trip with an outfit of two yoke ofoxen and one yoke of cows and a wagon. They arrived in Denver in June 1859.His first work after his arrival was the pulling of one end of a whipsaw in themanufacture of lumber that was sold to the miners to be made into sluice boxes.In August 1859 he went with a party of 60 to Middle Park, where they discoveredthe Breckenridge mines. They then went down the river through Eagle and PitkinCounties and, finding themselves getting short of provisions, were obliged toreturn to Idaho Springs. Later he was engaged for 2 years freighting betweenDenver and the Missouri River points in the summer season.During the winter of 1861-62, he wintered his oxen at a place 7 miles aboveLivermore, Larimer County, and hauled game for a band of six hunters to Denver.The vigor of the life he led at this time is evidenced by the fact that Mr.Alford camped during the entire winter without tent or other shelter.In 1862 he crossed the plains to Oregon and to the Boise mines in Idaho. Hereturned to Colorado in 1867. When the town of Cheyenne, Wyoming, was started,Mr. Alford was there and burned the first kiln of brick ever made in thatState. The following winter found him conducting a grocery business at theElizabeth mines in New Mexico. Selling out, he went to Texas in 1868 andbought a herd of cattle that he drove to the Arkansas River and wintered there;he later moved them to Nevada where he sold them and returned to Colorado.In 1870 he went with A. C. Goodhere to Illinois, purchasing a train load ofbrood mares and shipping them to Colorado; this being the first team load ofhorses ever shipped over the Union Pacific road. He again returned to Illinoiswhere he purchased and brought to Colorado the first Norman draft stallion everbrought to the State. In 1871 he drove his horses and about 100 head of cowsinto Larimer County and settled on Rabbit Creek, a few miles north ofLivermore. His wanderings were now about at an end.In the winter of 1871-72 he returned to Maine and was married to Ann E. Hobbsof the town of Hope. They arrived in Colorado in March 1872 and went to theirhome on Rabbit Creek. A log cabin with a single room was erected and served asthe family mansion until the fall of 1880 when they moved to Fort Collins. In1877 Mr. Alford served as a member of the first State Legislature of Colorado.9
He was interested in the building of the ditch known as the Water Supply andStorage Company ditch. He was a stockholder in the Poudre Valley Bank.Born to Mr. and Mrs. Alford were five children: George, who died in infancy;Fred C. born May 22, 1875; Lore E., Nov. 28, 1876; Abbie A., July 19, 1878; andAnna Helen, Sept. 12, 1885.Mrs. Alford died in November 1910.Vol. 1Page 15ALONZO N. and MARY ALLEN(1859)Alonzo Nelson Allen and Mary (Harris) Allen were natives of New York andEngland, respectively. Alonzo N. moved from his native State to Ohio andthence to Columbus, Wisconsin, where he was a pioneer farmer and mill operator.He owned large stone quarries, raised immense crops of wheat and was veryprosperous until the panic of 1857 crushed him financially.Two years later he set out for Pikes Peak, driving yokes of oxen and cowsattached to the primitive wagons or “prairies schooner” of the period.He settled on the St. Vrain River, homesteading a tract of land, and soonembarked in hay making on a large scale. The hay, which was all cut and rakedby hand, was hauled to Black Hawk. He received incredible prices for it.Groceries and everything in the line of merchandise was proportionately high.Later he turned his attention to stock raising and mining. He went to theBlack Hills where he was in the placer mines and, upon his return, he continuedhis mining enterprises. . His last years were sent in Longmont where he died in1895, aged 78 years.His eldest son, Rudolphus N., died in Longmont. Charles F., the third son, wasproprietor of the Imperial Hotel of Longmont, and A.H., the youngest, wasforeman in the Longmont Canning Factory.Mrs. Mary (Harris) Allen was the widow of William Henry Dickens, who came fromEngland with her husband and little daughter, Eliza, in 1843. During thevoyage a son [Wm. N. Dickens] was born May 26, 1843. The father did not longsurvive the rigors of climate and hard work and died in 1847 at the age of 27years.The eldest child, Eliza, married a Mr. Franklin, and died in Colorado. John,the youngest son, died when 3 years old. The youngest of the family is Mrs.Maria Quist of Ellis, Kansas. The mother [Mary] became the wife of Alonzo N.Allen and settled in Wisconsin on a farm. Five children were born to thismarriage:
2 RECOMMENDED PUBLICATIONS Benson, Maxine, 1994. 1001 Colorado Place Names, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, 237 pages. ISBN 0-7006-0632-7 (cloth:alk. paper).
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
