PARKING AND ACCESS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR SITE DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF WACO, TEXASPARKING AND ACCESSDESIGN STANDARDS FORSITE DEVELOPMENTFROM THE WACODEVELOPMENT GUIDEREVISED JANUARY 2010
ContentsTraffic Services Information2Parking, Loading & Site Access3Parking & Access Design Standards4Sight Obstruction Standards for Public Right-of-Ways4Schematic of Required Minimum Sight Distance5Residential Driveway Standards6Commercial Driveway Standards7Industrial Driveway and Internal Circulation Standards10Industrial Loading Facilities12Off-Street Parking Standards15Marking Standards17Alley Access18Street Lighting19Site Lighting20Sidewalk Standards21Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines23Refuse and Trash Removal23Landscape Requirements241
TRAFFIC SERVICES(254) 750-6634(254) 750-6641 (Fax)Mailing Address: P.O. Box 2570Waco, TX 76702-2570Physical Address: 401 Franklin AvenueWaco, TX 76701Email Address: RickC@ci.waco.tx.usContact Person: Rick Charlton Approval of Technical Designs Traffic Impact Analysis Traffic operations Sight obstruction standards Street lighting, street sign & street markings policy Additional right-of-way Parking & Access Design Standards Design of new streets and additional lanes Off-Site Circulation On-Site Lighting Traffic Signal maintenance access agreement Review of zoning, special permit, and comprehensiveannexations, abandonments, subdivision plats2planchanges,
Parking, Loading & Site AccessThe design of all parking, loading and site access facilities(including streets, sidewalks, and driveways) shall comply with the“Parking and Access Design Standards” section of this document,and with the following additional standards. Every parking lot and driveway shall be graded for properdrainage and provided with an all-weather surface (concrete,HOT mix asphaltic concrete, surface treatment) as approvedby the City Engineer, maintained at all times in such a manneras to prevent the release of dust, and shall be kept free ofdust, trash and debris. Driveways, except where designed for one-way traffic flowwithin a parking lot, shall not be less than 24 feet in width ormore than 40 feet in width. The driveway system shall allow forunobstructed emergency access at least 16 feet in width asclose as possible to each structure, and shall be clearlymarked to prohibit parking or other obstruction of suchemergency access (See Part V, “Off-Street Parking andLoading”, Waco Zoning Ordinance). A required off-street loading space shall be at least 12 feet inwidth and at least 45 feet in length exclusive driveways, aisles,ramps, maneuvering space, columns, work areas, and shallhave a vertical clearance of not less than 15 feet. Where a useis not required to have a loading space, provisions shall bemade for incidental deliveries and refuse pickup, which shallnot interfere with on-site or off-site traffic movements. Each required off-street loading space shall be designed withappropriate means of vehicular access and circulation to astreet from a driveway in a manner, which will least interferewith traffic movements, and no area allocated to any off-streetloading areas shall be used to satisfy the space requirementsfor any off-street parking facilities. All open off-street loading spaces, access drives, aisles,and maneuvering space shall be improved with acompacted base and a permanent-wearing surface asapproved by the City Engineer.3
Parking & Access Design StandardsSite plan evaluation for new developments is intended to promotea standard of development in the City of Waco which willcontribute to the long-term maintenance of the street system, andprotection of public and private investment.The information which follows will describe the City of Waco’sstandards for streets, parking and access, safety, and on-sitedevelopment. These standards will be uniformly applied toproperty developments undergoing the Plan Review Process.Sight Obstruction Standards for Public Right-Of-WaysIt is not permitted for any person within the City of Waco, withoutobtaining a permit to erect, construct, reconstruct, alter or repair,or to permit the erection, construction, alteration or repair of anyfence, wall, hedge, or structure of any kind, on or across publicright-of-ways, or within the sight triangle.No person shall place, maintain, permit or cause to be placed ormaintained, any tree, shrub, or plant of any kind, or vehicle of anykind on or across public right-of-way in such a way as: to obstruct passage on and use of that area by the public, to create a hazard to persons using the right-of-way, or to restrict the drainage flow. (These restrictions shall apply toused right-of-way between the property line and the curbline.)Driveways should observe the same sight obstruction standardsas described for street and alley corners. All parts of any vehicleparked adjacent to a public street or public right-of-way should beparked entirely on private property, and should not extend into thepublic right-of-way. This vehicle should also be parked inobservance of the sight obstruction standards.All signs shall comply with the applicable section in the City ofWaco Zoning Ordinance and should also be placed in observanceof sight obstruction standards.4
Schematic ofREQUIRED MINIMUM SIGHT DISTANCE AT DRIVEWAYS ANDINTERSECTIONS5
Residential Driveway StandardsResidential driveway standards apply to single-family and twofamily residential land uses. Under normal circumstances, one (1)driveway is permitted for each residential lot, and these standardsare intended for local streets only. Exceptions may be permittedfor each residential lot, corner lots, and circle driveways.The edge of a driveway shall be located no closer than four (4)feet to the property line, without an encroachment agreement withthe adjacent homeowner.Driveway construction details may be obtained from the CityEngineer for all types of driveways. Refer to the ResidentialDriveway Standards Chart below.Residential Driveway oubleDriveway10’ Min20’ Min30’ MaxDriveway L2StreetCornerRadiusR24’ Min15’ Max30’ Min8’ Min15’ Min25’Max4’ Min15’ Max30’ Min8’ Min15’ Min25’ Max6
Commercial Driveway StandardsCommercial driveway standards apply to all land uses includingoffice and multi-family residential. The location and design of alldriveway openings shall meet the standards contained in thissection and shall be submitted for approval by the TrafficEngineer.Multiple driveway openings for a single development shall notexceed fifty percent of the property frontage as measured at thestreet curbline. This distance shall include the curb radius on thedriveway.Deceleration lanes may be required by the Traffic Engineer fordriveways on arterial streets. Requirements for these lanes maybe anticipated where the additional lane is needed to avoiddisrupting traffic flow on the street. Refer to the chart below.DECELERATION LANE STANDARDSPublicStreetSpeed Limit(mph)30MinimumLaneLength L1MinimumTransitionLength L260'60'CurbRadius R115' Min3560'60'15' Min40100'70'15' Min45130'100'15' Min50150'100'15' Min7
Waco’s quality of urban development is aggressively promoted innewly developing areas by encouraging joint access, prohibitingback-out residential driveways, and limiting the number ofdriveways in a given development frontage.Street TypeDriveway Width XArterial30'Min42'Max*CollectorLocal*CBD*24' Minimum42' Maximum*Curb Radius R110' Minimum120'Driveway to60' Min30' MinimumMinCorner Length L140'Length Between40' Min30' MinimumMinDriveways L225'Street Corner15' MinimumMinRadius R2*Divided driveway with raised medians will be reviewedfor exception.Driveway access to selected major streets, which are currentlydeveloped, may be restricted or prohibited where new drivewayswould create or worsen traffic problems.Where severe physical restrictions exist and where suchrestrictions would effectively prohibit access to a property underdevelopment, the Traffic Engineer may waive one or more of therequirements contained herein. However, no driveway will bepermitted when undue safety hazards to the motoring public couldresult.The rise in a drive approach from the gutter line to the back of theapron shall be six inches, making the driveway slope in the firstten feet from the gutterline 5 percent. The slope may rise anadditional 5 percent or fall a maximum of 6 percent in the secondten feet. These standards shall apply unless unusual conditionsexist and permission is obtained from Engineering Services of theCity of Waco for a variance.8
Where planned adjacent to another property, the drivewayopening shall be set off the property line by a distance equal to therequired curb radius. Adherence to this requirement should notsignificantly change the angle of intersection between thedriveway and street from ninety (90) degrees. Refer to the chartbelow.Driveways may be required to be shared among adjacent propertyowners with appropriate recorded ingress/egress and crossparking agreements. Driveways serving major trip generations willbe required to have raised barrier curb to prevent internalcirculation from crossing the driveway close to the streetintersection.9
Industrial Driveway and Internal CirculationStandardsIndustrial driveway standards apply to land uses within designatedindustrial districts. These standards may also be applied to otherland uses with industrial or commercial zoning where frequent useby large wheel base or semi-trucks is anticipated. The design ofinternal circulation elements must consider the operationalcharacteristics of large wheel base trucks and semi-trailers as wellas parking and loading requirements. Refer to the chart below. Commercial driveway width and curb radius standards shallapply to driveways anticipated to accommodate passengervehicles and smaller trucks only. Industrial driveways shall be located and designed in such away that all maneuvering space to loading areas or docks isprovided on-site, so as to discourage backing from the street.The location and design of all industrial driveway openingsshall meet the standards contained in this section and shall beapproved by the Traffic Engineer. Service roads within the property should be twenty-four (24)feet in width for two-way operation. Care should be taken to prohibit parking where it may conflictwith truck circulation or maneuvering into the truck dock areas.10
INDUSTRIAL DRIVEWAY AND INTERNALCIRCULATION STANDARDSStreet TypeArterialCollectorLocal30' Min30' MinimumDriveway Width X150' Max50' Maximum15' Min10' MinimumCurb Radius R125' Max15' MaximumDriveway to Corner120'60' MinimumLength L1MinLength Between30'40' Min40' MinDriveways L2Min25'Street Corner Radius R225' Minimum*Min*Two-Way Aisle Width X224' MinimumOne-Way Aisle Width X320' Minimum90º Inside Curb Radius25' Minimum*for Service Road R390º Outside Curb Radius50' Minimum*for Service Road R4Dock Approach Grade G10% Maximum*Larger minimum or compound radius may be required insome cases depending on design vehicle.11
Industrial Loading FacilitiesThe City of Waco Zoning Ordinance requires developers toprovide off-street loading facilities. Each off-street loading spaceshall consist of a rectangular area in accordance with the LoadingBerth and Apron Length Requirements.Minimum verticalclearance required is fifteen feet. For single bay loading docks, the loading space may beconsidered as part of the maneuvering (apron) space, but formultiple bay loading docks, the loading space may not beconsidered as part of the apron space. Each loading space shall have adequate drives, aisles, andturning and maneuvering areas for access and usability, andshall at all times have access to a public street or alley. Maneuvering space for loading must be located completelyoutside the right-of-way of all public streets. Loading berths are to be accommodated entirely on thepremises, including the location of trash receptacles. Theminimum number of loading spaces shall comply with thefollowing schedule.Industrial Loading Space RequirementsUseGross Floor Area0 - 39,0000Commercial40,000 - 100,0001each additional 100,000Add 10 - 9,999010,000 - 25,0001IndustrialRequired LoadingSpaces25,001 - 39,999240,000 - 100,0003each additional 100,000Add 112
I13
LOADING BERTH AND APRON ngthin feet(L)30505569DockAngle(a)Clearancein feet 1214121412141214121412141214121412ApronSpacein 87379148146913812581181453113124796144594
Off-Street Parking StandardsThe developer shall refer to the City of Waco Zoning Ordinancefor the required front and side yard distances, and number ofparking spaces in each zoning district. Contact state officials forthe number and location of desired handicapped spaces in eachtype of development. Refer to the Parking Design and LayoutStandards shown on this page. The design and layout of all parking lots and parking facilitiesshall meet the standards contained in this section and aresubject to the approval of the Traffic Engineer. Aisle widthsspecified are minimum requirements and should be increasedas needed to be compatible with driveway openingrequirements. Required off-street parking shall contain sufficient aisles,driveways and turnarounds to ensure adequate internalvehicular circulation. Parking layout for all site developmentsshall not utilize public streets for such circulation. The use ofCity streets for angle or head-in parking is strictly prohibited.These streets are commonly used for fire lanes and turningradius needs. Refuse containers shall be located on the premises via internalcirculation in or from the parking lot.15
PARKING DESIGN STANDARDSLayout ParameterABCDE9' Stall Width8.5' Stall º60º90ºOffset18'11'4'18'11'4'Car 2.7'Stall Depthto InterlockStall Depthto WallCarOverhangFAisle 4'16
Marking StandardsTypical island and curb markings may be painted instead of beingsix (6) inch raised concrete. A concrete curb or wheel stop shallbe placed behind all property lines in such a manner that no partof any parked vehicle extends into or over the right-of-way and allparked vehicles are in observance of the sight obstructionordinance. In no case shall this curb or wheel stop be located lessthan thirteen feet behind the back of the street curb. Refer to thelayout below.Typical Marking Layout17
Alley AccessThe use of alleys by the public for access to off-street parking ispermissible under certain conditions. Alley intersections shall meetthe minimum City sight distance requirements as defined by thefollowing statements: The alley has no severe horizontal or vertical alignmentproblems or major obstructions. Adequate provision is made in the alley by the developer torelocate existing and proposed utilities and utility poles asneeded, and to satisfy City refuse pick-up requirements. The alley is paved with concrete by the developer according toCity specifications as determined by the City Engineer. Suchpaving shall be required of the developer for the full width ofthe development plus any additional paving needed to providea continuous paved accessway to a nearby City street. If the alley is proposed for use as a direct access to head-inparking, three additional conditions must be satisfied: a) thetotal number of parking spaces provided must equal or exceedthe number required by the City of Waco Zoning Ordinance, b)the minimum aisle width for the alley head-in parking is twentyfive feet, and c) no variances to required yard setbacks andrequired off-street parking may be requested.18
Street LightingThe City of Waco requires adequate street lighting alongresidential streets (local & collector) and commercialdevelopments. High-pressure sodium vapor lighting is preferredexcept where decorative lighting is used. Metal halide lighting ispreferred in the CBD and decorative situations. Alley installationsmay be allowed at intersections only. All street lighting plans will be submitted directly to the TrafficEngineer for approval. These shall include lighting type,intensity, and location. The City of Waco will assume allmaintenance and power costs. All installation costs for underground service shall be paid bythe developer or petitioner. The developer or petitioner shallagree to pay the one-time electric provider charges or thedifference in cost between a wood pole and the selecteddecorative pole for the light. The cost of the fixture is included in the monthly flat rate paidby the City of Waco. Steel or decorative poles are required.These must be of a standard type currently in use by the utilitycompany provider serving this location, and are subject to theapproval of the Traffic Engineer. Wood poles for above ground service may be used by thedeveloper. These poles are provided by the electric serviceprovider and are requested through the Traffic Engineer.19
Site LightingWhere hazards exist which can be minimized or eliminated bylighting, or where these hazards extend into hours of darkness,the lighting of parking areas, walks and drives may be required insuch a manner and during such hours as may be deemednecessary in the interest of public safety and security. Suchlighting may be attached to a building or freestanding fixture. Freestanding fixtures should be kept to the minimum heightneeded to provide adequate lighting. The height and design ofthe fixture should be such as to minimize their effect onadjoining properties. Lighting plans will be scrutinized foradequate vertical light cutoff. Freestanding and attached fixtures and exposed accessoriesshould be harmonious with building design. No fixed spacingof on-site lighting shall be required provided that illumination iseven through parking areas and along walks and drives. For Brazos River Corridor specific site lighting minimums,please refer to Section 28-809.1 of the zoning ordinance.20
Sidewalk StandardsIt is the policy of the City of Waco to require the construction ofconcrete sidewalks on all developments, which front on arterialand collector streets, streets with significant pedestrian activity,the Central Business District, or where the development isadjacent to property with sidewalks. Refer to Typical SidewalkLayouts and Views. The placement of asphalt pavement and gravel in City right-ofway is strictly prohibited.Typical Sidewalk Layout-ResidentialTypical Sidewalk Layout-Central Business District21
Typical Sidewalk Cross-Section22
Traffic Impact Analysis GuidelinesThe purpose of the Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines is to providedevelopers and transportation consultants with informationregarding the contents of traffic impact analysis studies submittedin conjunction with development plans. It is anticipated that byfollowing the guidelines in this document, substantial efficienciesin staff and developer time can be achieved as well as greaterconsistency in staff requirements and recommendations. Thisdocument may be obtained from Engineering Services 254-7505440, Traffic Services 254-750-6634, or Planning Services 254750-5650 at no cost.Refuse and Trash RemovalFor all uses, except where individual trash collection is to beprovided for each townhouse, two-family or single-family dwellingunit, refuse or trash collection areas shall be provided at the rearof each structure, or positioned in or near the common parking lotor a driveway. Each such area shall be completely screened fromview on three sides, with solid fencing of either wood or masonryconstruction, to a height of seven feet and shall include a concretepad. Each such refuse area shall be provided with cl
Standards Industrial driveway standards apply to land uses within designated industrial districts. These standards may also be applied to other land uses with industrial or commercial zoning where frequent use by large wheel base or semi-trucks is anticipated. The design of internal circulation elements must consider the operational
Porous Asphalt Parking Lot Durham 99 42 Parking Lot Legret, 1999 59 Parking Lot Pagotto, 2000 80 Parking Lot Rosen, 2007 98 40 Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers Drive Way Jordon Cove 67 34 Parking Lot Goldsboro 71 65 Parking Lot Renton, WA -- Parking Lot King College 81 53 Parking Lot Drake, 2012 88 88 Parking Lot
1. Stacker type car parking system 2. Puzzle type car parking system 3. Level type car parking system 4. Chess type car parking system 5. Rotary type car parking system 6. Tower type car parking system But lift is used only in tower type car parking system. Objectives:-
Different types of vehicle parking are applied worldwide namely Multi-level Automated Car Parking, Automated Car Parking System, and Rotary Parking System. The present project work is aimed to develop a scale down working model of a car parking system for parking cars within a large parking area. The chain and
One UTSA Circle San Antonio, Texas 78249 501 West César E. Chávez Blvd. San Antonio, Texas 78207 COMMUTER C PARKING RESIDENT H PARKING RESIDENT U PARKING DISABLED PARKING RESERVED PARKING EMPLOYEE A PARKING EMPLOYEE B PARKING SHORT TERM HOURLY PARKING GARAGES (Garage Permit, Short-Term, &
(a) allow parking by all motorists only in designated parking stations and/or on specially marked parking bays on road and related areas within the area of operations subject to directions marked on the parking bays or on the signs erected adjacent to the parking bays; and (b) provide specially designated parking spaces/areas within the scheme
PARKING AND TRAFFIC TIPS There is no free parking. Parking on campus requires . a permit. or . visitor parking fees, when-ever the University is open, weekdays from 5 a.m. Monday until 10 p.m. Friday. (CRI Deck requires permit or payment 24/7) Parking is tight at the beginning of each semester. Parking can reach near capacity during the first .
Parking Ticket Operations Throughout New York State, especially in cities and some of the larger villages, parking can be limited. To help provide parking, the Authority was created to manage, improve and lease property to provide parking. As part of the enforcement of parking regulations, a considerable number of parking violation tickets are .
people in saving time and will cut down the fuel spent in search of parking spaces. 3.3 Guided parking navigation Figure 5: Phase 2 - Guided parking navigation After a vehicle enters a parking facility, even be-ing aware of vacant parking spaces, searching for the nearest available parking space is not straight forward in a large or multistory .
