BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL
RESEARCHANDREPORTSBLACK, ASIAN ANDMINORITY ETHNICFOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015Report by theLeague Managers AssociationNovember 2015
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015CONTENTS SECTION 02PAGE01Introduction 302The Current Status 503Education and Qualifications 604Total BAME Manager Appointments to Date 7-805Total BAME Manager Appointments by League 9-1006BAME Managers - Times Managed 1107BAME Managers - Per Season 1208BAME Managers - Tenure Period 1309Causes of and Potential Solutions to the Lack of BAME Managers 14-15
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201502INTRODUCTION01THE CURRENT STATUS The LMA is committed toequal opportunities for allcandidates who wish tobecome professional footballmanagers and coaches.An area which frequently arises as a concern is that of the low number of black, Asianand minority ethnic (BAME) football managers and coaches relative to the proportionof black, Asian and ethnic minority football players. This relative under-representationof BAME football managers and coaches suggests an issue worthy of further research,and which would appear to require positive intervention in order to bring these twoproportions more into line with each other.303
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015 There are a number of key stages along a career02 THE CURRENT STATUSpathway into professional football coaching andmanagement where effective intervention willhave an impact: RECRUITMENT ANDEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESThe LMA supports anopen and transparentrecruitment process forall football coaching andmanagement roles, inwhich the best candidateis appointed to a rolewithout any discriminationagainst any ethnic or otherminority group.EDUCATIONThe provision of world classlearning and education,open to all, equippingall candidates with theappropriate skills to builda successful career incoaching and management.ROLE MODELSAND MENTORSThere are a number ofmanagers and coacheswithin the LMA’s membershipand across the game whocan and will act as rolemodels and mentors foryoung and aspiring coachesand managers from allbackgrounds, encouragingthem to pursue theircareer ambitions.To ensure that all possible opportunities are provided, the LMA has been an activemember of the PFA’s Black Coaches Forum since its inception in 2003. We also engagewith the PFA, FA, Premier League, Football League and other stakeholders to playan active part in helping to achieve a better balance between the proportion ofBAME players and BAME football managers.This document provides an overview of the statistics and trends in the appointmentof BAME managers as well as an analysis of the challenge and areas in which the gamecan look to make positive interventions to achieve progress.404
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201502 THE CURRENT STATUS 04CURRENT25%OF PROFESSIONALBAME LEAGUE PLAYERS ARE BAMEMANAGERSINDIVIDUALS As at November 2015, there are 4BAME league managers, Chris Hughtonat Brighton and Hove Albion in theChampionship, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbainkat Burton Albion and Ricardo Monizat Notts County in League 1 and KeithCurle at Carlisle United in League 2. Chris Powell (Huddersfield Town)and Chris Ramsey (QPR) in theChampionship were dismissed on thesame day in November 2015. FabioLiverani was dismissed by Leyton Orientin May 2015. In 2014 the game saw the dismissals,in close succession, of Edgar Davids byBarnet, Paul Ince by Blackpool, ChrisPowell by Charlton Athletic and ChrisHughton by Norwich City.05 At the current level of 4 of 92 managersthe proportion of BAME footballmanagers is low (4.35%) in relation tothe proportion of BAME players. PFA numbers suggest thatapproximately 25% of professionalfootball players are BAME individuals.
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201503 EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 3218%22.2%CANDIDATES STUDYING*CURRENTLYWITH A UEFAPRO LICENCEARE BAMEINDIVIDUALS There are 21 BAME candidates whohave studied the Pro Licence in Englandand 11 BAME candidates who havestudied their Pro Licence in Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland. PFA numbers suggest that around18% of the candidates who attendfootball coaching courses and otherqualifications on the pathway tobecoming football managers areBAME individuals.STUDYINGLMA’S DIPLOMA This number is, if not as high, atleast closer to the proportion ofBAME players. 2 of this season’s 4 BAME managers(Keith Curle and Chris Hughton) havecome through the LMA and PFA’sfootball management courses. 16% of all students of the LMA Diplomain Football Management, accredited byThe University of Liverpool, have beenBAME candidates.* football coaching and management qualifications06
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201504 TOTAL BAME MANAGERAPPOINTMENTS TO DATE Figure 1 shows:50APPOINTMENTS OF BAMEFOOTBALL MANAGERS ACROSS ALLPROFESSIONAL LEAGUES SINCE THEAPPOINTMENT OF TONY COLLINS TOROCHDALE IN 196028DIFFERENT MANAGERS HAVE HELDONE OR MORE THAN ONE UL INCEKEITH CURLECHRIS HUGHTONLEROY ROSENIOR(if the latter’s brief returnto Torquay is counted)KEITH ALEXANDERTONY COLLINSCARLTON PALMERRUUD GULLITCHRIS POWELLSAMMY CHUNGJOHN BARNES(held one English post– although had previousmanagerial experienceat Celtic and with theJamaican national team)
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015Figure 1: List of BAME Football Manager Appointments to Tony CollinsSammy ChungTony CollinsEddie SteinViv AndersonRuud GullitSammy ChungChris KamaraRuud GullitAndy PreeceNoel BlakeLeroy RoseniorJean TiganaGary BennettRicky HillCarlton PalmerGarry ThompsonLeroy RoseniorKeith AlexanderKeith CurleCarlton PalmerKeith CurleIffy OnuoraLeroy RoseniorKeith AlexanderPaul InceKeith CurleLeroy RoseniorPaul InceKeith AlexanderPaul IncePaul InceJohn BarnesChris HughtonPaul InceChris PowellChris HughtonKeith CurleTerry ConnorChris HughtonEdgar DavidsChris KiwomyaPaul InceChris PowellKeith CurleJimmy Floyd HasselbainkFabio LiveraniChris HughtonChris RamseyRicardo MonizRochdaleWolverhampton WanderersBristol CityBarnetBarnsleyChelseaDoncaster RoversStoke CityNewcastle UnitedBuryExeter CityBristol CityFulhamDarlingtonLuton TownStockport CountyBristol RoversTorquay UnitedLincoln CityMansfield TownMansfield TownChester CitySwindon TownBrentfordPeterborough UnitedMacclesfield TownTorquay UnitedTorquay UnitedMK DonsMacclesfield TownBlackburn RoversMK DonsTranmere RoversNewcastle UnitedNotts CountyCharlton AthleticBirmingham CityNotts CountyWolverhampton WanderersNorwich CityBarnetNotts CountyBlackpoolHuddersfield TownCarlisle UnitedBurton AlbionLeyton OrientBrighton and Hove AlbionQueens Park RangersNotts 04/201418/01/201427/10/201321/01/201404/11/2015To dateTo date13/05/2015To date04/11/2015To 2L1ChChL2L1L1ChPremL1
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201505 TOTAL BAME MANAGERAPPOINTMENTS BY LEAGUE PREMIER LEAGUE8THERE HAVE BEENAPPOINTMENTS OF BAMEMANAGERS IN THEPREMIER LEAGUERUUD GULLIT (TWICECHRIS HUGHTON (TWICE)JEAN TIGANAPAUL INCETERRY CONNORCHRIS RAMSEY The first English BAME manager to beappointed to a Premier League clubwas Paul Ince at Blackburn Rovers,followed by Chris Hughton at NewcastleUnited, Terry Connor at WolverhamptonWanderers and then Chris Hughtonagain at Norwich City. Chris Ramsey wasappointed QPR manager in February2015, until the end of the season.Sammy Chung, at WolverhamptonWanderers was appointed atChampionship level* and then took theclub up into the top tier Chris Hughton was appointed atChampionship level with Birmingham09City and promoted into the PremierLeague, although he was appointeddirectly into the Premier League withNewcastle United and Norwich City.CHAMPIONSHIP10THERE HAVE BEENAPPOINTMENTS OFBAME MANAGERS INTHE CHAMPIONSHIPCHRIS POWELL (TWICE)CHRIS HUGHTON (TWICE)PAUL INCEVIV ANDERSONCHRIS KAMARATONY COLLINSSAMMY CHUNG (THE OLD SECOND DIVISION)CARLTON PALMER Chris Powell was the first EnglishBAME manager appointed twice intoChampionship clubs.* Sammy Chung was appointed into the old 2nd Divison which wasthen the second tier and predecessor of the Championship
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015LEAGUE 113THERE HAVE BEENAPPOINTMENTS OFBAME MANAGERSIN LEAGUE 1PAUL INCE (THREE TIMES)LEROY ROSENIOR (TWICE)ANDY PREECECHRIS KIWOMYAKEITH CURLEJOHN BARNESIFFY ONUORARICKY HILLFABIO LIVERANIRICARDO MONIZLEAGUE 219THERE HAVE BEENAPPOINTMENTS OFBAME MANAGERSIN LEAGUE 2KEITH CURLE (FOUR TIMES)KEITH ALEXANDER (THREE TIMES)LEROY ROSENIOR (TWICE)SAMMY CHUNGTONY COLLINSEDDIE STEINNOEL BLAKEGARY BENNETTGARRY THOMPSONCARLTON PALMEREDGAR DAVIDSPAUL INCEJIMMY FLOYD HASSELBAINK** Promoted to League 1 with Burton Albion at the endof 2014/15 season.10
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201506 BAME MANAGERS TIMES MANAGED 64.3%A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF BAMEMANAGERS HAVE MANAGED ONLY ONCEFigure 3: BAME Managers - Times ManagedTIMESHOWMANAGED MANY49.1%OF ALL FIRST TIME MANAGERSMANAGE ONLY ONCE Until recently, those who had managedmore than once had done so primarilyin the lower leagues, such as KeithAlexander, Carlton Palmer andLeroy Rosenior.11% OFTOTAL118Barnes (in England),Connor, Tigana,Stein, Anderson,Kamara, Preece,Blake, Bennett, Hill,Thompson, Onuora,Kiwomya, DavidsHasselbaink, Liverani,Ramsey, Moniz64.325Collins, Chung,Palmer, Gullit, Powell17.631Alexander3.642Rosenior, Hughton7.151Curle3.661Ince3.6 However this %age includes recentdismissals of first-time managers whomight well go on to get other roles. This %age also includes Noel Blake, who,whilst not managing in the League wenton to manage England U18s for 5 years.WHO
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201507 BAME MANAGERS PER SEASON The trendline for appointment of BAMEmanagers has generally been upwards. The cumulative number of BAMEmanagers in post peaked in April/May 2015 with 7 of 92 managers beingBAME (7.6 percent of managers), froma previous high of 6 in 2001 - 03 andagain in 2014 - 15 and currently standsat 4 BAME managers (4.35%) after thedismissals of Fabio Liverani in May 2015and Chris Powell and Chris Ramsey inNovember 33 Chris Hughton, Chris Kiwomya, EdgarDavids, Paul Ince and Chris Powell (fromprevious club Charlton Athletic) were alldismissed in the 2013/14 4 In the final months of the 2014 - 15season, there were 7 BAME managersin post, Keith Curle, Chris Powell, FabioLiverani, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, ChrisHughton, Chris Ramsey and RicardoMoniz. With the departures of FabioLiverani, Chris Powell and Chris Ramsey,there are currently 4 BAME leaguemanagers.12Figure 4: BAME Managers –appointed and cumulative 1992 to date
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 201508 BAME MANAGERS TENURE PERIOD 1.23YEARSAVERAGE TENURE FORALL DISMISSED FOOTBALLMANAGERS 2014/153.94 YEARSANDY PREECE (BURY)3.16YEARSCHRIS POWELLMANAGED CHARLTON1.18YEARSTHE AVERAGE TENUREOF DISMISSED BAMEMANAGERS WITHOUT THESEVEN YEAR TENURE OFTONY COLLINS AT ROCHDALE131.31YEARS7.33YEARSOVERALL AVERAGETENURE OF DISMISSEDBAME MANAGERSTONY COLLINS IS THELONGEST SERVING BAMEMANAGER (ROCHDALE)OTHER LONGEST SERVING BAME MANAGERS INCLUDE:3.93 YEARSKEITH ALEXANDER (LINCOLN CITY)2.79YEARSJEAN TIGANA IS THE LONGESTSERVING BAME MANAGER IN THEPREMIER LEAGUE AT FULHAM3.79 YEARSLEROY ROSENIOR (TORQUAY)1.83YEARSCHRIS HUGHTON MANAGEDIN THE PREMIER LEAGUEFigure 5: BAME Managers – Average TenureLEAGUEAVERAGE TENURE OF BAME MANAGERS (YEARS)Premier League1.47Championship1.1League 10.86League 21.7Overall1.31
P14 REPORT:LMALMA REPORT:BLACK,BLACK,ASIAN ANDASIANMINORITYAND RS2015 201409 CAUSES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONSTO THE LACK OF BAME MANAGERS Interviews with a number of BAMEcoaches, BAME managers and prospectiveBAME managers identified a number ofareas in which they perceived barriers toBAME football players becoming coachesand managers, or else in which theybelieved that positive interventions wouldincrease the number of BAME coachesand managers in the professional game(Bridgewater 2004, Bridgewater 2007).This analysis identifies a number of areasin which it was thought that positiveinterventions would decrease the barriersto BAME candidates becoming managersand a number of barriers to entry, whichwould need to be removed or the effectsminimised. According to Lewin, change canbe achieved by increasing the positives and/ or by reducing the negatives.TRANSPARENCYUNDERSTAND HOW TOENCOURAGE BLACK PLAYERSTO BECOME MANAGERSRETENTION &REAPPOINTMENT ISSUESPERSISTENCE &PREPARATIONPERSISTENCE &PREPARATIONPOSITIVE BLACKROLE MODELSQUALIFICATIONS14CHANGEPOSITIVE INTERVENTIONINSTITUTIONAL RACISMOLD BOY NETWORKCLUB STRUCTURELACK OF TRANSPARENCYIN RECRUITMENTPROCESSBROADER SOCIETALSTEREOTYPESOF BLACK MANAGERSTIMEFigure 6:Lewin’s Force field Analysis applied toencouraging greater proportion ofBAME coaches and managers
LMA REPORT: BLACK, ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015PositiveinterventionsBarriers tobe addressed Explore ways of identifying potentialBAME managerial and coaching talent.Among the barriers perceived byBAME interviewees were the following: Explore ways of encouraging more BAMEcandidates onto and through coachingand other necessary qualifications. Worries that there could be biasin the appointment process. Build a more open and transparentrecruitment and reappointment process. Discuss a range of options forpositive interventions into therecruitment process. Encouraging and supportingpersistence and preparation forjob applications. Using positive role models to encourageand mentor BAME players to considercoaching and management careers. Researching and understandingthe ways in which all coaches andmanagers are appointed to understandhow best to help BAME candidates togain employment.15 Suggestions that appointmentswere made on the basis of an ‘old boynetwork’ or who you know rather thanwhat you know which might preservethe status quo of BAME representation. A perceived lack of future opportunityis a discouragement to investment inobtaining qualifications and experience. Suggestions that ‘the situation willnaturally improve over time’ mightdeter positive interventions. A broader societal lack of BAMEleaders in fields other than football,eg: BAME CEOs, MPs and other types ofleaders also being under-representedin society.
LMA REPORT: BLACK ASIAN AND MINORITY ETHNIC FOOTBALL MANAGERS 2015 02 SECTION PAGE 01 Introduction 3 02 The Current Status 5 03 Education and Qualifications 6 04 Total BAME Manager Appointments to Date 7-8 05 Total BAME Manager Appointments by League 9-10 06 BAME Manag
racial/ethnic minority investigators and research participants. The presence of more minority group investigators would encourage more racial/ethnic minority individuals to participate in research. Moreover, both empirical and anecdotal evidence reveals that racial/ethnic minority investigators often have a particular commitment to research
coming from a minority ethnic community – the estimated number of teachers from similar backgrounds is only 5%. It should also be remembered that minority ethnic communities are not equally dispersed nationally, with concentrations in the major urban conurbations – 61% of
The percentage of minority teachers was highest . at schools that had 90 percent or more minority students (55 percent) and was lowest at schools that had less than 10 percent minority students (2 percent). Spotlight B. Characteristics of Postsecondary Institutions Serving Specific Minority Racial/Ethnic Groups.
15 Ellen D. Wu, The Color of Success: Asian Americans and the Origins of the Model Minority (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014). 16 see also Yuko Kawai, “Stereotyping Asian Americans: The Dialectic of the Model Minority and the Yellow Peril,” The Howard
Table A2.11. Relative Rate Index, 2014, court experience of mixed ethnic men relative to white men (aged 18 and over) 47 Table A2.12. Relative Rate Index, 2014, court experience of Chinese and other ethnic
minority women and girls, in all spheres of life, worldwide; minority issues need to maintain their rightful place on the agendas of decision makers. In this anniversary year, my Office is increasing its engagement on minority rights even further. We are organizing a series of subregional and regional events to address most topical minority issues
minority shareholder’s stock occurred on two occasions. In 1992, the corporation offered to buy the minority shares for 261,464 which included a 21 percent discount from the book value of the shares to reflect the minority shareholder’s 26 percent interest in the corporation. The minority shareholder did not
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Entering a new era Marc Fontaine, Airbus, on big data for planes Google visits TSE and exchanges with the students Christian Gollier on global warming and his new book Three evenings of public debate at TSE #19 SUMMER 2019. Editor ' messag Dear friends, In reaction to the “gilet jaune” social upheaval, France’s president Emmanuel Macron launched a Grand Débat .
