Outcome: Rise Of Civilization & Mesopotamia
8/16/2015Outcome: Rise of Civilization &Mesopotamia1
8/16/2015Constructive Response Questions3. Classify the characteristics that make up a civilization?4. Describe the geography of Mesopotamia.2
8/16/2015What will we learn?1. Villages grow into cities.2. The 5 Characteristics that make up acivilization3. Mesopotamia & Sumer3
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia1. Setting the Stagea. How did Agriculture change life for humans?i. Began dwelling in larger, more organizedcommunitiesii. Cities gradually grewiii. Economics began to matter4
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization &Mesopotamia2.Villages Grow into Citiesa. Farming became easier due to advances in technology anddomestication of animalsb. Bigger harvests also resulted from better technologyc. Fact: The more food you have in supply, the bigger thepopulation that can be supportedd. As cities grew, so did responsibilities --- not everyone farmedanymoree. The wheel and the sail allowed trade to occur over longerdistancesf. No currency yetg. Social Classes began to emergeh. Religion became more organized5
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia3. How Civilization Developsa. A Civilization is a complex culture with 5 characteristicsi. Advanced Cities1. Size alone does not distinguish a city from a village2. Must be a center for trade6
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamiaii. Specialized Workers1. Specialization: the development of skills in a specifickind of work2. Artisans: skilled workers who make goods by hand7
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamiaiii. Complex Institutions1. Institution: a long-lasting pattern of organization in acommunity2. Ex: Government, religion, and the economy8
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamiaiv. Record Keeping1. Ex. Tax collecting, passage of laws, storage of grain2. Around 3000 B.C. Sumerian scribes (professional recordkeepers) invented a writing system called cuneiform.3. Cuneiform: wedge shaped point pressed into wet clayto make symbols.9
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamiav. Advanced Technology1. Ex: Ox drawn plows, potters wheel, using bronze2. Melt copper and tin together bronze(more durable and malleable)10
8/16/2015MesopotamiaAlso known as The Fertile Crescent11
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia4. Geography of Mesopotamiaa. Located in modern day Iraqb. Rich land and curved shape led scholars to call it the FertileCrescentc. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run through regiond. Rivers unpredictably flood yearly leaving thick layer of mineralrich silte. Periods of no rain could cause desert conditions. Solution:irrigation.f. No natural barriers in Mesopotamia for protection. Solution:they built wallsg. Natural resources were scarce. Solution: trade networks wereestablished.12
8/16/2015Sumer13
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia5. Sumerians Create City-Statesa. The Sumerians exemplified the 5 characteristics of a civilizationb.Sumerians developed city-states: city that functioned like an independent countryc. Early government was controlled by temple priestsd. Ziggurat was a place of worship and like a town halle.In some cases, military leaders became full-time rulers and passed powers to sonsf. Dynasty: series of rulers from same family lineg. Cultural Diffusion: ideas or products spread from one culture to anotherthrough conquest and trade14
8/16/2015Ziggurat15
8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia6. Sumerian Culturea. Sumerians were polytheistic: belief in more than one godb. When you died you went to the “land of no return,” a dismal andgloomy placec. Sumerians had social classes (see pyramid to right)d. Sumerian women had more rights than many later Civilizationse. Ur was one of the world’s first citiesi.ii.iii.iv.v.Flourished 5,000 years ago30,000 peopleCity wallsUsed the barter system for tradeWorshipped at the ziggurat16
8/16/2015Ur17
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8/16/2015Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamiaf. Sargon of Akkad conquered Sumer in 2350 B.C.g. Sargon created the world’s first empire: the bringing together ofseveral peoples or nations under the control of one ruler.h. Babylonian ruler Hammurabi came up with Hammurabi’s Codei. Hammurabi’s Code: single, uniform set of laws engraved instone to help unify diverse groups within his empire19
8/16/2015Constructive Response Questions3. Classify the characteristics that make up a civilization?4. Describe the geography of Mesopotamia.20
Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia iii. Complex Institutions 1. Institution: a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community 2. Ex: Government, religion, and the economy. 8/16/2015 9 Rise of Civilization & Mesopotamia iv. Record Keeping 1.
The name Mesopotamia means “between the rivers.” The land of Mesopotamia lay between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Because there was water nearby, the land was good for farming. Farmers grew the food that fed the people of Mesopotamia, including those who lived in the cities. The Land Between Two Rivers. The kings of Mesopotamia
Considered a River Valley Civilization. Mesopotamia Geography The rivers would overflow, leaving . development of to politics and civilizations. Mesopotamia marked by frequent change. Mesopotamia Geography and Development The first phase of Mesopotamia’s political history . Early
Mesopotamia ! Mesopotamia means: “land between two rivers” ! Civilization developed between the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers ! By 3000 B.C. a number of cities are . Complex institutions ! Record keeping ! Advanced technology ! Developed cit
DISCOURSE ON COLONIALISM . by Aime Cesaire . A civilization that proves incapable of solving the problems it creates is a decadent civilization. A civilization that chooses . to . close its eyes to its most crucial problems is a stricken civilization. A civilization that uses its principles for trickery and deceit is a dying civilization.
The Indus Valley Civilization Civilization began in India around 2500 B.C., about 1000 years after the start of civilization in Sumer. The first Indian civilization arose on the northern plain in the valley of the Indus River. Historians call that civilization the Indus Valley, civilization.
only for culture, while civilization uses the term tahdhib. The word civilization is often associated with culture, even many western writers identify the "culture" and "civilization" of Islam. Often times Islamic civilization is associated with Arab civilization, although actually between Arabic and Islam can still be distinguished.
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- AKKADIAN EMPIRE The Akkadian Empire was the first Empire to rule all of Mesopotamia. It lasted about 200 years from 2300 BC to 2100 BC. Originally the Sumerians lived in the southern part of Mesopotamia and the Akkadians lived in the northern part. They had similar governments and cultures, but spoke different languages.
are required with reduced weight. Experimental tests are executed following ASTM or UNI EN rules, in particular the shear test is executed using a rig constructed to the purpose, designed following the rule ASTM D 4255-83. Besides the tests were simulated by analytical methods, by means of Cadec software and numerically
