Improve Availability And Operational Flexibility
Improve Availabilityand Operational FlexibilityControl Valves for Power GenerationLeverage Emerson’s Fisher valves, actuators, & instruments to reduceoperating costs and improve your plant flexibility, availability, and reliability.
THE CONDENSATE SYSTEM1 Condensate Pump Recirculation Valve .Page 62 Deaerator Level Control Valve.Page 712THE FEEDWATER SYSTEM3 Boiler Feedwater Startup Valve.Page 84 Boiler Feedwater Regulator Valve.Page 85 Boiler Feedpump Recirculation Valve.Page 8THE MAIN STEAM SYSTEM6 Superheat Spray Valve (and Attemperator).Page 10, 15, 167 Reheat Spray Valve (and Attemperator).Page 10, 15, 168 Sootblower Valve.Page 109 HP Turbine Bypass Spraywater Valve.Page 1110 HP Turbine Bypass Valve.Page 1211 Deaerator Pegging Steam Valve.Page 1312 Steam Seal Regulator Valve.Page conomizerBOILER10THE HEATER DRAIN SYSTEM1314151617LP Feedwater Heater Normal Drain Valve.Page 17HP Feedwater Heater Normal Drain Valve.Page 17LP Feedwater Heater Emergency Drain Valve.Page 17HP Feedwater Heater Emergency Drain Valve.Page 17Drain, Vent, or Isolation Valve.Page 21HP Heater98HP Heater98HP Heater982
Conventional Power Plant151416SteamDrum11HP TurbineLP TurbineHP TurbineGenerator13Make-UpWaterDeareatorLP HeaterToCondenserCondenser453LP Heater4137BoilerFeedPump2CondensatePump6Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.3
THE CONDENSATE SYSTEM1 Condensate Pump Recirculation Valve.Page 62 Deaerator Level Control Valve.Page 7THE FEEDWATER SYSTEM3456Boiler Feedwater Startup Valve.Page 8IP Drum Level Control Valve.Page 8HP Drum Level Control Valve.Page 8Boiler Feedpump Recirculation Valve.Page 914To RTNTHE MAIN STEAM SYSTEM7 Superheat Spray Valve (and Attemperator).Page 10, 15, 168 Reheat Spray Valve (and Attemperator).Page 10, 15, 169 LP Turbine Bypass Spraywater Valve.Page 1110 IP Turbine Bypass Spraywater Valve.Page 1111 HP Turbine Bypass Spraywater Valve.Page 1112 LP Turbine Bypass Valve.Page 1213 IP Turbine Bypass Valve.Page 1214 HP Turbine Bypass Valve.Page 1215 Steam Seal Regulator Valve.Page 1316 Sky Vent Valve.Page 14THE FUEL GAS SYSTEM17181920Fuel Control Valve.Page 18Air Extraction Valve.Page 19Inlet Bleed Heat Valve.Page 20Drain, Vent, or Isolation Valve.Page 21Combustion Turbine124
Combined Cycle Power Plant1387IP TurbineHP TurbineLP TurbineGeneratorTo RTN714109DeareatorHP Drum11Make-UpWater11HP DrumHP DrumStackLP EconomizerLP BankLP Super HeaterIP EconomizerIP BankIP Super HeaterHP EconomizerHP BankPrimary Super HeaterRe-HeaterHP Secondary Super Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.5
The Condensate SystemCondensate Pump Recirculation ValveAs one of the most critical pieces of equipment in apower plant, the condenser provides a high vacuumenvironment where the turbine output and efficiencyis maximized and the exhaust is condensed to water.It is a condensate collection point for the steamgenerator.From the condenser, the condensate flows intothe condensate pump and then through the othercomponents in the condensate system.In order to protect pumps from overheatingand to prevent cavitation, Fisher condensatepump recirculation valves withstand varyingoutlet conditions by providing the recommendedminimum flow of condensate through the pump.PRODUCT FEATURES 6Advanced sealing technology prevents seat damage and eliminates condensate leakage.High rangeability protects the pump from damage and provides excellent system control.Anti-cavitation trim reduces noise and vibration for extended service life.Characterized cage provides low-flow cavitation protection during initial operation and necessary flow as pressure rises.Optional trim allows passing of 19 mm (.75 in) particulate.Optional reducers engineered to meet piping requirements.
Deaerator Level Control ValveThe deaerator serves many functions in apower plant. Its primary function is to minimizeentrained oxygen in the feedwater. It must alsoprovide additional heat to the feedwater flowingto the boiler and store an adequate amount offeedwater to provide sufficient suction head tothe feedpump. This is a challenging applicationand requires a valve that can handle cavitating,low flow rates during startup, and allows for highcapacity at low pressure drops during normaloperation.In order for the deaerator to serve all of itsfunctions properly and efficiently, consistentdeaerator level must be maintained.Fisher deaerator level control valves maintaina consistent deaerator level while handlingextreme flow rates and minimizing the effects ofcavitation.PRODUCT FEATURES Advanced sealing technology provides tight shutoff and maintains consistent deaerator level during startup.High turndown handles extreme flow rates.Anti-cavitation trim reduces noise and vibration for extended service life.Characterized cage provides low-flow cavitation protection during initial operation and necessary flow aspressure rises. Optional trim allows passing of 19 mm (.75 in) particulate. High thrust, low maintenance pneumatic actuator.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.7
The Feedwater SystemBoiler Feedwater Startup and Regulator ValveIn the normal range of plant operation, the boiler feedwaterregulator experiences high flow rates with low differentialpressure. However, during startup, this valve experiences lowflow rates with very high differential pressure, which can causesevere cavitation damage. Some feedwater systems are designed using one valve to handle startup and normal operatingconditions. Others are designed using a separate small startupvalve to handle low flow, cavitating conditions and a secondlarger valve to handle high flow rates required for normaloperation.Fisher feedwater startup and regulator valves are engineeredto eliminate cavitation during initial operation and providethe rangeability required for smooth transition from startupthrough full load operation.HP/IP Drum Level Control ValveThe high pressure (HP) and intermediate pressure (IP) drumlevel control application is fairly moderate during typical plantoperation. However, during startup the pressure drop acrossthe valves, particularly the HP drum level control valve, canproduce damaging cavitation.Fisher HP and IP drum level control valvesare designed to eliminate cavitationduring startup while providing therangeability required for smoothtransition to normal operation.PRODUCT FEATURES Advanced sealing technology provides tight shutoff and extends service life. High turndown handles extreme flow rates. Characterized cage provides low-flow cavitation protection during initial operation and necessaryflow as pressure rises. Optional trim allows passing of 19 mm (.75 in) particulate. One valve solution: Offers anti-cavitation protection during low flow, high pressure dropstartup, and unrestricted high flow during low pressure drop, full load conditions. Two valve solution: Offers a dedicated startup valve to handle cavitating conditions in parallel witha larger standard trim valve, handling full load conditions. Pneumatic piston actuator provides highly accurate step positioning and stable valve response.8
Boiler Feedpump Recirculation ValveThe boiler feedpump recirculation valve facessome of the toughest conditions of any controlvalve in a power plant. The boiler feedpump takesits suction from the deaerator at relatively lowpressure, and increases the pressure to approximately 10 percent above the main steam pressure. During startup or low load conditions, flowto the boiler may not be adequate to meet theminimum flow requirements of the boiler feedpump.Fisher boiler feedpump recirculation valves protect the feedpump by ensuring adequate flow ispassing through the pump at all times. They areengineered to handle extreme cavitation causedby high temperatures and pressure drops. Whereissues with flow accelerated corrosion exist, Fisherboiler feedpump recirculation valves allow highlevels of entrained particulate to pass.PRODUCT FEATURES Controls pressure drops up to 586 bar (8,500 psi).Advanced sealing technology provides tight shutoff and extends service life.High turndown handles extreme flow rates.Anti-cavitation trim reduces noise and vibration for extended service life.Characterized cage provides low-flow cavitation protection during initial operation and necessary flow aspressure rises. Optional trim allows passing of 19 mm (.75 in) particulate. Globe and angle body designs available. Pneumatic piston actuator provides highly accurate step positioning and stable valve response.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.9
The Main Steam SystemSuperheat Spray ValveVarying load requirements cause varying steam temperatures. In order toensure optimum heat rate and to protect the steam turbine, the steamtemperature in the superheat sections of the boiler must be controlled.Fisher superheat spray valves accurately control the amount of waterinjected into the steam attemperator or cooler, providing optimal mainsteam temperature control and stability. This prevents damage to theturbine and results in efficient turbine operation.Reheat Spray ValveTo increase the thermal efficiency of a steam generator and improve the overallheat rate of a unit, a reheater is incorporated in the power cycle. This is a particularlychallenging application and requires a reheat spray valve to maintain precise reheattemperature control.Fisher reheat spray valves provide optimal hot reheat steamtemperature control and high rangeability, while minimizingthe damaging effects of cavitation.Sootblower ValveWhen firing fuels such as coal, oil, or other waste products,degradation of the boiler tubes becomes a concern. Deposits fromthe combustion process can collect on the heat exchanging tubes,which reduces thermal efficiency and may causeoperational problems.Fisher sootblower valves provide steam to the sootblower systemto remove deposits from the boiler tubes while withstanding highpressure, high vibration, and thermal cycling to maintain unitefficiency.PRODUCT FEATURES 10High rangeability for excellent system control.Advanced sealing technology provides Class V shutoff and extends service life.Customized sootblower trim reduces noise and withstands heavy vibration.Anti-cavitation trim reduces noise and vibration.
HP/IP/LP Turbine Bypass Spraywater ValveTurbine bypass spraywater valves serve a similar function tothat of the other spraywater valves in a power plant. Ratherthan precisely controlling temperature, these valves provideadequate water to the desuperheater to bring the steamtemperature to near saturation temperature. This occurswhen turbine bypass applications are discharging into thecondenser.When HP bypass applications discharge to cold reheat,adequate water must be provided to reduce the main steamtemperature to cold reheat temperature. Similarly, for hotreheat bypass applications discharging to LP steam, sufficientwater must be provided to reduce hot reheat temperature toLP steam temperature.Fisher HP, IP, and LP turbine bypass spraywater valves provideaccurate steam temperature and mimic actual processconditions of a normally operating power plant, providingprecise water injection.PRODUCT FEATURES Optimized in combination with turbine bypass valves.High rangeability for excellent system control.Advanced sealing technology provides Class V shutoff and extends service life.Anti-cavitation trim reduces noise and vibration.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.11
The Main Steam SystemHP/IP/LP Turbine Bypass ValveTurbine bypass systems are essential for the flexibleoperation of combined cycle power plants, as well aslarge, modern coal-fired plants. Turbine bypass systemspermit operation of the steam generator independentlyof the turbine during startup, shutdown, and plant upsetconditions. They must be adequately sized to meet theneeds of normal startup and shutdown, as well astransients. They must also operate at acceptablenoise levels.Fisher turbine bypass systems enhance operationalflexibility during transient operating conditions. As a result,startup times are reduced and equipment life and overallplant availability is increased.PRODUCT FEATURES Custom designs meet piping arrangements. Noise abatement technology and rugged cage guiding reduces noise levels to provide smooth andstable operation. Variable geometry spray nozzles ensure complete mixing and rapid vaporization of spray water for efficient temperature control. Repeatable Class V shutoff at temperatures up to 593 C (1100 F). Enhanced designs engineered to withstand high thermal cycling applications. High rangeability for excellent system control. Pneumatic piston actuator for highly accurate step positioning and stable valve response.12
Deaerator Pegging Steam ValveThe deaerator pegging steam valve provides steam thatgives positive pressure to the deaerator or IP and LP drumto prevent air from being drawn into the feedwater systemduring plant startup. Steam from this valve also heats thefeedwater. Steam may come from a low pressure packageboiler or the plant main steam line.Fisher pegging steam valves ensure pressure reduction andnoise attenuation, regardless of steam source.Steam Seal Regulator ValveSteam seal regulator systems have several valves thatexperience varying conditions. The steam seal feedvalve takes full main steam pressure down to 0.2 to0.3 bar (3 to 5 psig). This extreme pressure droppresents several challenges including noise andvibration.Fisher steam seal regulator valves contain noiseabatement trim to combat these tough challenges.PRODUCT FEATURES Noise abatement technology reduces the harmful effects of noise and vibration.Optional in-line diffuser for additional noise abatement.Rugged design engineered to withstand full main steam pressure drop.Advanced sealing technology provides Class V shutoff and extends service life.Pneumatic piston actuator for highly accurate step positioning and stable valve response.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.13
Sky Vent SystemSky Vent ValveSky vent valves may operate during startup and shutdownof the heat recovery steam generator, bypassing mainsteam around the steam turbine to the atmosphere.Fisher sky vent valves are engineered to withstand thefull pressure drop that occurs as the valve dumps highpressure and temperature steam directly to theatmosphere. They operate quietly during dumpoperation and provide tight shutoff during normaloperation, preventing valuable steam leakage.PRODUCT FEATURES Advanced sealing technology provides tight shutoff and extends service life. Noise abatement technology reduces the harmful effects of noise and vibration. Components engineered for high temperature service.14
DesuperheatersRing Style AttemperatorAs with any superheated steam cycle, the temperature ofthe superheat needs to be controlled to ensure that it doesnot exceed the material limits of the steam turbine andboiler. Temperature control is accomplished by use of anattemperator or desuperheater that injects a controlledamount of cooling water into the superheated steam flow.Fisher ring style attemperators are designed to work inconjunction with supporting superheat and reheat controlvalves to provide optimal steam temperature and stability.This prevents damage to the turbine and extends service life.PRODUCT FEATURES Flexible designs from NPS 8 to 48.Optional liner prevents thermal cracking caused by water impingement on pipe.High turndown for high efficiency.Variable geometry spray nozzles ensure complete mixing and rapid vaporization of spray water for efficienttemperature control.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.15
DesuperheatersInsertion Style AttemperatorFisher insertion style attemperators are designed to workin conjunction with supporting superheat and reheatcontrol valves. It is mechanically atomized with single ormultiple, fixed geometry spray nozzles that are intendedfor applications with nearly constant load. Proven Fisheranti-flashing nozzles provide the required amount of waterneeded for accurate temperature control in the steamturbine and boiler.The Fisher severe service insertion style desuperheater isstructurally suited for severe applications where thedesuperheater is exposed to high thermal cycling andstress, high steam velocities, and flow induced vibration.PRODUCT FEATURES 16Vortex shedding technology minimizes vibration and extends service life.NPS 3, 4, and 6 available for pipes up to 152 cm (60 in) diameter.Water flange connection offers high rangeability for excellent system control.Solutions available for a wide range of steam velocities.Variable geometry spray nozzles ensure complete mixing and rapid vaporization of spray water for efficienttemperature control.
Heater Drain SystemHP/LP Feedwater Heater Normal Drain ValveProper functioning of the heater drain system is criticalto maintaining optimum heat rate and protecting theturbine from possible water induction. The feedwaterheater normal drain valves must provide stablefeedwater heater level control.Fisher HP and LP feedwater heater normal drain valvesprovide level control optimized to the characteristics ofeach specific feedwater heater and prevent thedamaging effects caused by flashing.HP/LP Feedwater HeaterEmergency Drain ValveFeedwater heater emergency drain valves normally operateclosed, and tight valve shutoff is critical. A leaking emergencydrain can have a 2-5-plus megawatt negative impact on plantoutput.Fisher feedwater heater emergency drain valves operatequickly and properly to maintain consistent feedwaterheater level when called upon and prevent damageincurred by flashing.PRODUCT FEATURES Body materials eliminate erosion caused by flashing.Linear valve trim optimized to each feedwater heater eliminates noise and cavitation.Advanced sealing technology provides Class V shutoff and extends service life.Precise level control without oscillation.Globe, angle, and rotary designs available.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.17
Fuel Gas SystemFuel Control ValveThe primary function of the fuel control valve is toprovide fuel to the combustion turbine. The challengeof this application is that the fuel control valve must bedesigned to work in conjunction with other fuel controland air valves supporting operation of the combustionturbine. Depending upon the age and frame size, thenumber of fuel control valves can vary and may differ insize.Fisher fuel control valves are designed to work inconjunction with supporting fuel and air control valvesto improve efficiency of the gas turbine. They eliminatestartup issues related to inaccurate level of the controlvalve. Their quick response enhances a turbine-drivengenerator’s ability to respond to step changes.PRODUCT FEATURES 18Proven, optimized designs customized to the specific need of combustion turbine application.Rotary valve design provides high rangeability for excellent system control.Globe and angle valves available, which increase flexibility.Three-way valves are used for fuel control in older turbine designs.Custom trim designs available for extended service life.
Air ExtractionAir Extraction ValveAir extraction valves may be located in the exhaustcompartment of the turbine. The primary purposeof this valve is to protect the compressor, duringstartup or shutdown, from axial over thrustingby relieving some pressure in the system. This issometimes called compressor surge or compressorstall.The exhaust compartment may experience ambientconditions between 93 to 260 C (200 to 500 F),depending on turbine frame size. Typically, framesizes have the same design, which includes four airextraction valves. Most of the time, two of thesevalves are located on the 9th stage of the turbinesection (LP compressor bleed) and the other twoare located on the 11th stage of the turbine section(HP compressor bleed).Fisher air extraction valve packages offer fast-actingperformance, while maintaining tight shutoff toprevent costly leakage and pressure loss in yoursystem.PRODUCT FEATURES Outstanding performance under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.Maintains tight shutoff and is available in a fire-tested version.Available as either a flangeless (wafer-style) design or as a single-flange (lugged) design.Can be supplied with one of several dynamic seals that can be used in a variety of demanding applications.A keyed drive shaft combines with a variety of handlevers, handwheels, or pneumatic piston diaphragm actuators.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.19
Inlet Bleed HeatInlet Bleed Heat ValveSources of ambient air may initiate ice formation. Toavoid this inlet air phenomenon, compressed air is bledat intermediate stages of compression and released backto the inlet guide vane, which prevents the ice formation(anti-icing). This is an intermittent function of the inletbleed heat valve and is needed only when cold or humidconditions arise.Antisurge or turbine-trip (compressor protection) isachieved when the inlet guide vane, along with the inletbleed control valve, regulate the amount of air to theturbine. The compressor typically maintains a consistentspeed. When subjected to low operating conditions,such as startup or shut down, air can be diverted tothe inlet guide vane, protecting the compressor whilemanaging turbine speed.PRODUCT FEATURES 20Fluid control in economical, high-capacity valve bodies, which keeps the valve outlet velocities within practical limits.Meets a variety of service requirements, such as power plants, where oversized piping is used to limit fluid flow velocity.Advanced sealing technology provides tight shutoff and extends service life.Noise abatement technology and rugged cage guiding reduces noise levels to smooth and stable operation.Advanced technology provided allows critical stroking speed requirements to be met.
Vents, Drains, or IsolationSevere Service Ball ValveIn both conventional and combined cycle power plants,steam loss to the atmosphere or the condenser is acritical performance indicator. This makes tight shutoff forvent and drain valves a high priority. Severe service on/offball valves are found around the steam turbine, the boiler,and in the low points on steam lines throughout a facility.Leaks in these applications cause steam loss and damage tothe wire draw seat, stem area body, and turbine. Leaks canalso cause downstream pipe erosion and safetyhazards for personnel.Fisher severe service ball valves are designed aroundsevere service applications where tight shutoff iscritical. These valves are ideal for on/offapplications in which high temperature, highpressure, or erosive conditions are to be expected.PRODUCT FEATURES Integral metal seat eliminates a potential leak path and helps prevent leakage issues. Unique ball and shaft design provides a larger shaft slot and expanded seating surface for better sealing and a morereliable connection. The spring protector and bi-directional seat allow sealing capability from both flow directions so if reverse pressure isapplied, the seal is maintained. Advanced coating options are uniquely bonded on the sealing components for added durability in harsh serviceconditions and high-cycle applications.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.21
Continuous support in the face of changingmarket and operating conditions.Emerson leads the way with industry-defining end-to-end digital service experiences,helping you achieve superior outcomes through our maintenance, reliability, andperformance offerings. The tools we’ve developed support the digital transformation of thepower industry, providing the confidence to extract the maximum value from your serviceand technology investments. Our teams partner with you across the globe to help youmaintain safe operation, improve reliability, and optimize plant performance.With 100 regional service centers and 80 mobile service centers worldwide, local expertsare available to work with you to understand your unique challenges and help you find asolution. Our broad portfolio of service offerings allows us to tailor our support to align withyour specific business goals.22Connected ServicesOutage ServicesLeverage smart valve technologyand Emerson expertise to help yourworkforce make informed performanceand reliability decisions at speed.Identify, prioritize, and plan longterm plant reliability improvementsto reduce maintenance events andimprove generation performance.Education andTrainingStartup andCommissioningTrain new hires, improve your currentworkforce skills, and help your teamadapt to new technology or products.Certified technicians meticulously workthrough approvals, calibration, testing, andcertification to deliver a comprehensivehandover, on time and on budget.
With locations worldwide, Emerson local experts are never far away. Get in touchtoday to arrange a site walk and see the value Emerson can bring to your operation.Visit Fisher.com to find additional resources or contact a local sales office.23
Time-tested and innovative powergeneration solutions designed to improveyour plant operations.Emerson Automation SolutionsMarshalltown, Iowa, 50158 USASorocaba, 18087 BrazilCernay, 68700 FranceDubai, United Arab EmiratesSingapore 128461 es 2016, 2019 Fisher Controls International LLC. All rights reserved. Fisher, TopWorx, FIELDVUE, and Bettis are marks owned by one of thecompanies in the Emerson Automation Solutions business unit of Emerson Electric Co. Emerson, and the Emerson logo are trademarksand service marks of Emerson Electric Co. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. The contents of this publicationare presented for informational purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, nothing herein is to beconstrued as a warranty or guarantee, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their use, performance,merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Individual results may vary. All sales are governed by our terms and conditions, whichare available upon request. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specifications of our products at any time withoutnotice. Responsibility for proper selection, use and maintenance of any product or service remains solely with the purchaser and enduser. D351920X012 / MBB5 / May 2019
It is a condensate collection point for the steam generator. From the condenser, the condensate flows into the condensate pump and then through the other components in the condensate system. In order to protect pumps from overheating and to prevent cavitation, Fisher condensate pump recirculation valves withstand varying
(Bergamin, Ziska & Groner, 2010). The model consists of three dimensions of flexibility as follows: Flexibility of time management, flexibility of teacher contact, and flexibility of content. This study considers these dimensions of flexibility due to its appropriateness for e-learning environments and .
1 FAQ / Oracle Solaris Cluster Frequently Asked Questions Oracle Solaris Cluster is a comprehensive high availability and disaster recovery solution for Oracle's SPARC and x86 environments based on Oracle Solaris. It combines extreme service availability for applications and virtualized workloads, operational flexibility, agile deployments, and
It reflects plant maintenance resource levels and organizational effectiveness. Operational availability is required to isolate the effectiveness and efficiency of maintenance operations. Operational availability is the bottom line of performance. It is the performance experienced as the plant
Operational Planning Guidelines . Operational Support Function 1 Functional Responsibility: 2 3 / / Purpose: 4 Support Agencies 5 Introductory Statement (Optional) 6 Element Issues to be addressed 7 7 8 . C. The Operational Checklist: The Operational checklist is designed for use during activations, to record actions taken, and the .
Introduction to Operational Research Lesson 1: Introduction to Operational Research Introduction to Operational Research This teaching module is designed to be an entertaining and representative introduction to the subject of Operational Research. It is divided into a
Operations as part of Operational Excellence Operational Sustainability, LLC The overall objective of Conduct of Operations (CoO) is to structure operational tasks in a manner consistent with the organization's risk tolerance to ensure that every task is completed in a way that minimizes variations in performance. In other words, ensuring that
Ross et al. (2008) flexibility is a transition, a period of time, and not a property. Only Zelenovic (1982) considers flexibility as a measure of a system's capacity to adapt. Morlok and Chang (2004), Zhang et al. (2008), and Taneja et al. (2012) specify in their definition that flexibility should at least allow keeping the system's .
Amy Richman, Arlene Johnson and Karen Noble . impact of flexibility, and what kinds of measurements build momentum for increased workplace flexibility. . is to embed two to three questions about flexibility in an annual employee opinion survey or employee pulse survey.
