DIFFUSION MASS TRANSFER IN FLUID SYSTEMS
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationDIFFUSIONMASS TRANSFER IN FLUID SYSTEMSTHIRD EDITIONDiffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems brings unsurpassed, engaging clarity to a complextopic. Diffusion is a key part of the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum and atthe core of understanding chemical purification and reaction engineering. This spontaneousmixing process is central to our daily lives, important in phenomena as diverse as the dispersalof pollutants to digestion in the small intestine. For students, this new edition goes to thebasics of mass transfer and diffusion, illustrating the theory with worked examples andstimulating discussion questions. For professional scientists and engineers, it explores emerging topics and explains where new challenges are expected. Retaining its trademark enthusiastic style, the book’s broad coverage now extends to biology and medicine.This accessible introduction to diffusion and separation processes gives chemical andbiochemical engineering students what they need to understand these important concepts.New to this Edition Diffusion: Enhanced treatment of topics such as Brownian motion, composite materials,and barrier membranes. Mass transfer: Fundamentals supplemented by material on when theories work and whythey fail. Absorption: Extensions include sections on blood oxygenators, artificial kidneys, andrespiratory systems. Distillation: Split into two focused chapters on staged distillation and on differentialdistillation with structured packing. Advanced Topics: Including electrolyte transport, spinodal decomposition, and diffusionthrough cavities. New Problems: Topics are broad, supported by password-protected solutions found atwww.cambridge.org/cussler.Professor Cussler teaches chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota. His research, which centers on membrane separations, has led to over 200 papers and 4 books. Amember of the National Academy of Engineering, he has received the Colburn and Lewisawards from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the Separations Science Awardfrom the American Chemical Society, the Merryfield Design Award from the AmericanSociety for Engineering Education, and honorary doctorates from the Universities of Lundand Nancy. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore information in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationDIFFUSIONMASS TRANSFER IN FLUIDSYSTEMSTHIRD EDITIONE. L. CUSSLERUniversity of Minnesota in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationUniversity Printing House, CambridgeiCB2i8BS,iUnited KingdomCambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521871211 Cambridge University Press 1984, 1997, 2009This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.First published 1984Second edition 1997Third edition 20098th printing 2014Printed in the United Kingdom by the Clays, St Ives plc.A catalog record for this publication is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataCussler, E. L.Diffusion : mass transfer in fluid systems / E.L. Cussler. – 3rd ed.p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 978-0-521-87121-1 (hardback)1. Diffusion. 2. Mass transfer. 3. Fluids. I. Title.TP156.D47C878 2008660’.294–dc222008018927ISBN 978-0-521-87121-1 HardbackCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracyof URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will, remainaccurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and otherfactual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing butCambridge Universtiy Press does not guarantee the accuracy of suchinformation thereafter. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationFor Jason, Liz, Sarah, and Varickwho wonder what I do all day in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore information in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationContentsList of SymbolsxiiiPreface to Third EditionxixPreface to Second Editionxxi1 Models for Diffusion1.11.21.31.4The Two Basic ModelsChoosing Between the Two ModelsExamplesConclusionsQuestions for Discussion1237910PART I Fundamentals of Diffusion2 Diffusion in Dilute Solutions2.12.22.32.42.52.6Pioneers in DiffusionSteady Diffusion Across a Thin FilmUnsteady Diffusion in a Semi-infinite SlabThree Other ExamplesConvection and Dilute DiffusionA Final PerspectiveQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading3 Diffusion in Concentrated Solutions3.13.23.33.43.53.6Diffusion With ConvectionDifferent Forms of the Diffusion EquationParallel Diffusion and ConvectionGeneralized Mass BalancesA Guide to Previous WorkConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading4 Dispersion4.1 Dispersion From a Stack4.2 Dispersion 194959597vii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationviiiContents4.3 Dispersion in Turbulent Flow4.4 Dispersion in Laminar Flow: Taylor Dispersion4.5 ConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading101104110110111113PART II Diffusion Coefficients5 Values of Diffusion Coefficients5.15.25.35.45.55.65.7Diffusion Coefficients in GasesDiffusion Coefficients in LiquidsDiffusion in SolidsDiffusion in PolymersBrownian MotionMeasurement of Diffusion CoefficientsA Final PerspectiveQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading6 Diffusion of Interacting Species6.16.26.36.46.5Strong ElectrolytesAssociating SolutesSolute–Solvent InteractionsSolute–Boundary InteractionsA Final PerspectiveQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading7 Multicomponent Diffusion7.17.27.37.47.57.6Flux Equations for Multicomponent DiffusionIrreversible ThermodynamicsSolving the Multicomponent Flux EquationsTernary Diffusion CoefficientsTracer DiffusionConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther T III Mass Transfer8 Fundamentals of Mass Transfer8.1 A Definition of a Mass Transfer Coefficient8.2 Other Definitions of Mass Transfer Coefficients in this web service Cambridge University Press237237243www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationixContents8.38.48.58.6Correlations of Mass Transfer CoefficientsDimensional Analysis: The Route to CorrelationsMass Transfer Across InterfacesConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading9 Theories of Mass Transfer9.19.29.39.49.59.6The Film TheoryPenetration and Surface-Renewal TheoriesWhy Theories FailTheories for Solid–Fluid InterfacesTheories for Concentrated SolutionsConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading10 Absorption10.110.210.310.410.5The Basic ProblemAbsorption EquipmentAbsorption of a Dilute VaporAbsorption of a Concentrated VaporConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading11 Mass Transfer in Biology and Medicine11.111.211.311.4Mass Transfer CoefficientsArtificial Lungs and Artificial KidneysPharmocokineticsConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading12 Differential Distillation12.112.212.312.412.5Overview of DistillationVery Pure ProductsThe Column’s Feed and its LocationConcentrated Differential DistillationConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading in this web service Cambridge University g
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationxContents37513 Staged 401403Staged Distillation EquipmentStaged Distillation of Nearly Pure ProductsConcentrated Staged DistillationStage EfficienciesConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading40414 20420421423The Basic ProblemExtraction EquipmentDifferential ExtractionStaged ExtractionLeachingConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading42415 50450450452Where Adsorption is ImportantAdsorbents and Adsorption IsothermsBreakthrough CurvesMass Transfer EffectsOther Characteristics of AdsorptionConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther ReadingPART IV Diffusion Coupled With Other Processes45516 General Questions and Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions16.116.216.316.416.516.6Is the Reaction Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?What is a Diffusion-Controlled Reaction?Diffusion and First-Order Heterogeneous ReactionsFinding the Mechanism of Irreversible Heterogeneous ReactionsHeterogeneous Reactions of Unusual StoichiometriesConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading in this web service Cambridge University Press456457459465469473473474477www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationxiContents17 Homogeneous Chemical Reactions17.117.217.317.417.517.6Mass Transfer with First-Order Chemical ReactionsMass Transfer with Second-Order Chemical ReactionsIndustrial Gas TreatingDiffusion-Controlled Fast ReactionsDispersion-Controlled Fast ReactionsConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading18 Membranes478479488492500504507508508512513Physical Factors in MembranesGas SeparationsReverse Osmosis and UltrafiltrationPervaporationFacilitated DiffusionConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading51452052653453954554554654819 Controlled Release and Related .419.5Controlled Release by Solute DiffusionControlled Release by Solvent DiffusionBarriersDiffusion and Phase EquilibriumConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading20 Heat Transfer20.120.220.320.420.5Fundamentals of Heat ConductionGeneral Energy BalancesHeat Transfer CoefficientsRate Constants for Heat TransferConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther Reading21 Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer21.1 Mathematical Analogies Among Mass, Heat, and Momentum Transfer21.2 Physical Equalities Among Mass, Heat, and Momentum Transfer in this web service Cambridge University 591593594594600www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationxiiContents21.321.421.521.6DryingDesign of Cooling TowersThermal Diffusion and EffusionConclusionsQuestions for DiscussionProblemsFurther ReadingIndex in this web service Cambridge University Press604609615621621622624626www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationList of Symbolssurface area per volumemajor axis of ellipsoid (Section 5.2)constantareaabsorption factor (Chapters 13 and 14)constantminor axis of ellipsoid (Section 5.2)bottoms (Chapters 10, 12 and 13)boundary positions (Section 7.3)total molar concentrationconcentration of species 1, in either moles per volume or mass per volumecritical micelle concentration (Section 6.2)total concentration (Chapter 6)concentration of species 1 averaged over time (Sections 4.3 and 17.4)concentration fluctuation of species 1 (Sections 4.3, 17.3, and 17.4)vector of concentrations (Section 7.3)concentration of species 1 at an interface icapacity factor (Section 13.1)molar and specific heat capacities respectively, at constant pressuremolar and specific heat capacities respectively at constant volumediameter or other characteristic lengthbinary diffusion coefficientdistillate (Chapters 12 and 13)effective diffusion coefficient, for example, in a porous solidbinary diffusion coefficient of species ibinary diffusion coefficient corrected for activity effectsmulticomponent diffusion coefficient (Chapter 7)Knudsen diffusion coefficient of a gas in a small poremicelle diffusion coefficient (Section 6.2)intradiffusion coefficient (Section 7.5)dispersion coefficientextraction factor (Chapter 14)residence-time distribution (Section 9.2)friction coefficient for a diffusing solute (Section 5.2)friction factor for fluid flow (Chapter 21)packing factor (Section 10.2)feed (Chapters 12 and 13)Faraday’s constant (Section 6.1)solution to a binary diffusion problem (Section 7.3)acceleration due to gravityaaa, aiAAbbBB, bcc1cCMCcTc1c10cc1iCC p , C pC t , C tdDDDeffDiD0DijDKnDmD*EEE(t)ffFFFF(D)gxiii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationxivGG G#hh, hiH H H, HiHTUijvjTjijimji*ð2Þj1ajiJsJTkkpkx , k ykBkTk0k0k#KKG, KLKpKx, KyKnlLLL L#LijLpmMM iMList of Symbolsmolar flux of gasmass flux of gas (Sections 10.2 and 13.1)molar flux of gas in stripping section (Chapters 12 and 13)reduced plate height (Section 15.5)heat transfer coefficients (Chapters 20 and 21)partition coefficientmolar and specific enthalpies (Chapters 20–21 and Chapter 7, respectively)partial specific enthalpy (Chapter 7)height of transfer unitcurrent density (Section 6.1)volume flux across a membrane (Section 18.3)total electrolyte flux (Section 6.1)diffusion flux of solute i relative to the volume average velocitydiffusion flux of solute i relative to the mass average velocitydiffusion flux relative to the molar average velocitydiffusion flux of solute (1) relative to velocity of solvent (2)diffusion flux of solute i relative to reference velocity aentropy flux (Section 7.2)total solute flux in different chemical forms (Section 6.2)mass transfer coefficient based on a concentration driving forcemass transfer coefficient based on a partial pressure driving force(Table 8.2-2)mass transfer coefficients based on mole fraction driving forces in liquidand gas, respectively (Table 8.2-2)Boltzmann’s constantthermal conductivity (Chapters 20–21)mass transfer coefficient at low transfer rate (Section 9.5)mass transfer coefficient without chemical reaction (Chapter 17)capacity factor (Sections 4.4 and 15.1)equilibrium constant for chemical reactionoverall mass transfer coefficients based on concentration driving force ingas or liquid, respectivelyoverall mass transfer coefficient based on partial pressure difference in gasoverall mass transfer coefficient based on mole fraction driving force inliquid or gas, respectivelyKnudsen number (Section 6.4)length, e.g., of a membranelength, e.g., of a pipemolar flux of liquidmass flux of liquid (Sections 10.2 and 13.1)molar flux of liquid in stripping section (Sections 12.3 and 13.3)Onsager phenomenological coefficient (Section 7.2)solvent permeability (Section 18.3)partition coefficient relating mole fractions in gas and liquidmasstotal solute (Sections 4.2 and 5.5)molecular weight of species i in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationList of SymbolsnniNÑNiNiNTUpPPPijqqqqrr, riRRDR0sS S itttit1/2TuiUÛvr, vhv x, v yvvavov#v*viVV iVijWWWsxxvmicelle aggregation number or hydration number (Section 6.2)flux of species i relative to fixed coordinatesnumber of ideal stagesAvogadro’s numberflux of species i at an interfacenumber of moles of species inumber of transfer unitspressurepowermembrane permeability (Chapter 18)weighting factor (Section 7.3)scattering vector (Section 5.6)feed quality (Sections 12.3 and 13.3)solute concentration per volume adsorbent (Chapter 15)energy flux (Chapters 7, 20, and 21)radiusrate of chemical reactiongas constantreflux ratio (Chapters 12 and 13)characteristic radiusdistance from pipe wall (Section 9.4)specific entropy (Chapter 7)partial specific entropy of species itimemodal matrix (Section 7.3)transference number of ion i (Section 6.1)reaction half-lifetemperatureionic mobility (Section 6.1)overall heat transfer coefficientspecific internal energyvelocities in the r and h directionsvelocities in the x and y directionsmass average velocityvelocity relative to reference frame avolume average velocityvelocity fluctuation (Sections 4.3 and 17.4)molar average velocityvelocity of species ivolumepartial molar or specific volume of species ifraction of molecular volume (Section 5.1)widthwork (Section 20.2)shaft work (Section 20.2)mole fraction in liquid of more volatile species (Chapters 12 and 13) in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87121-1 - Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems: Third EditionE. L. CusslerFrontmatterMore informationxvixB, xD, xFxiXiyyiz z ziaaaaijbbcccidd(z)dijeeeijfgghhhji, j ikkkiKllilimmnnQqqirList of Symbolsmole fractions of more volatile species in bottoms, distillate and feed,respectively (Chapters 12 and 13)mole fraction of species i, especially in a liquid or solid phasegeneralized force causing diffusion (Section 7.2)mole fraction in vapor of more volatile species (Chapters 12 and 13)mole fraction of species i in a gaspositionmagnitude of charge (Section 6.1)charge on species ithermal diffusivity (Chapters 20 and 21)thermal diffusion factor (Section 21.5)flake aspect ratio (Sections 6.4 and 9.5)conversion factor (Section 7.1)diaphragm cell calibration constant (Sections 2.2 and 5.5)pervaporation selectivity (Section 18.4)interfacial influence (Section 6.3)surface tension (Section 6.4)activity coefficient of species ithickness of thin layer, especially a boundary layerDirac function of zKronecker deltavoid fractionenhancement factor (Section 17.1)interaction energy between colliding molecules (Sections 5.1 and 20.4)combined variableMurphree efficiency (Section 13.4)effectiveness factor (Section 17.1)dimensionless concentrationfraction of unused adsorption bed (Section 15.3)fraction of surface elements (Section 9.2)forward and reverse reaction rate constants respectively of reaction ilength ratio (Section 6.4)heat of vaporization (Sections 12.3 and 13.3)equivalent ionic conductance of species i (Section 6.1)equivalent conductanceviscositychemical potential of species ipartial specific Gibbs free energy of species i, i.e., the
MASS TRANSFER IN FLUID SYSTEMS THIRD EDITION Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems brings unsurpassed, engaging clarity to a complex topic. Diffusion is a key part of the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum and at . 20 Heat Transfer 568 20.1 Fundamentals of Heat Conduction 568 20.2 General Energy Balances 575 20.3 Heat Transfer .
EMA 5001 Physical Properties of Materials Zhe Cheng (2016) 4 Self-Diffusion & Vacancy Diffusion Diffusion of Vacancy vs. Substitutional Atoms Continue from p. 7 2 Therefore, Diffusion coefficient of vacancy vs. substitutional atom For self-diffusion 2 The relationship between jump frequency is Since the jump distance is the same
Basic Heat and Mass Transfer complements Heat Transfer,whichispublished concurrently. Basic Heat and Mass Transfer was developed by omitting some of the more advanced heat transfer material fromHeat Transfer and adding a chapter on mass transfer. As a result, Basic Heat and Mass Transfer contains the following chapters and appendixes: 1.
L M A B CVT Revision: December 2006 2007 Sentra CVT FLUID PFP:KLE50 Checking CVT Fluid UCS005XN FLUID LEVEL CHECK Fluid level should be checked with the fluid warmed up to 50 to 80 C (122 to 176 F). 1. Check for fluid leakage. 2. With the engine warmed up, drive the vehicle to warm up the CVT fluid. When ambient temperature is 20 C (68 F .
Modeling carbon diffusion and its role in suppressing boron diffusion in silicon and SiGe has been studied by several groups. While boron diffusion is well-established, different modeling regimes have been developed for carbon diffusion. Each of the existing studies has focused on subsets of the available experimental data. We present a
Figure 3.4 One- Dimensional heat transfer (diffusion of energy) 3.1.2 Thermal Convection This mode of heat transfer involves energy transfer by fluid movement and molecular diffusion. Consider heat transfer to a fluid flowing over flat plate as in Figure 3.5. If the Reynolds nu
Fluid Mechanics Fluid Engineers basic tools Experimental testing Computational Fluid Theoretical estimates Dynamics Fluid Mechanics, SG2214 Fluid Mechanics Definition of fluid F solid F fluid A fluid deforms continuously under the action of a s
Jul 09, 2015 · Tiny-Fogger/Tiny F07, Tiny-Compact/Tiny C07 Tiny-Fluid 42 Tiny FX Tiny-Fluid 42 Tiny S Tiny-Fluid 43 Unique 2.1 Unique-Fluid 43 Viper NT Quick-Fog Fluid 44 Viper NT Regular-Fog Fluid 45 Viper NT Slow-Fog Fluid 46 Martin K-1 Froggy’s Fog K-razy Haze Fluid 47 Magnum 2000 Froggy’s Fog Backwood Bay Fluid 48
Some digital banking features may not be available depending on your computer, mobile device or operating system. You may not be able to access all the products and services we offer through digital banking. We can restrict access to digital banking for any of the reasons set out in your Product terms. We may add products and services you receive (individually or jointly with someone else .
