Using The AWWA Utility Management Standard For Source .
Using the AWWAUtility ManagementStandard for SourceWater ProtectionChi Ho Sham, Ph.D.VP & Chief ScientistEastern Research Group, Inc.
Early Source Water ProtectionProgram “There shall be no man or woman dare to washnay unclean linen, wash clothes,.nor rinse ormake clean any kettle, pot, or pan or any suchlikevessel within twenty feet of the old well or newpump. Nor shall anyone aforesaid, within lessthan a quarter mile of the fort, dare to do thenecessities of nature, since by these unmanly,slothful, and loathsome immodesties, the wholefort may be choked and poisoned.”Governor Gage of Virginia, Proclamation forJamestown, VA (1610)
Source Water Contaminationin the News The Elk River chemical spill on Jan. 9,2014 in West Virginia The contamination of drinking water bymicrocystin on Aug. 2, 2014 in Toledo,Ohio The massive mine tailings spill on Aug. 4,2014 in central British Columbia
Source Water Protection (SWP) SWP involves maintaining, safeguarding,and/or improving the quality of a watersource (surface water or groundwater)used as a supply for drinking water SWP Programs identify, prioritize,implement, and evaluate specific activitiesand management practices that willcontribute toward achieving this goal
Concept of SWP Standard SWP is a highly site-specific process thatreflects the inherent diversity of naturalwaters and the areas from which they arederived Successful SWP programs may varywidely in their details; but it is a premisethat successful programs share severalcommon fundamental elements
Rationale To gain a better understanding of the AWWA Utility Management Standard forSource Water Protection (SWP) – alsoknown as the G-300 standardTo be able to protect drinking water fromsource to tap
Learning Objectives As a result of this workshop – You will know the essential elements ofa SWP program– You will be able to identify opportunitiesand challenges to protect your sourcewater– You will be able to incorporate theseelements in your SWP program
Agenda Overview of AWWA Utility ManagementStandard for SWP Description of the six essential elements ofSWP Standard for the implementation of aSWP program Review content of worksheets in theOperational Guide
AWWA SWP Standard Developed under AWWAStandards Council bySWP Committee 2007 – AWWA approvedand published the firstedition of G300Standard – effective onJuly 1, 2007 2014 – the secondedition of the G300Standard has beenapproved and published– effective on June 1,2014
AWWA SWP Standard –Operational Guide Developed under AWWATechnical & EducationalCouncil by SWPCommittee in 2009, tosupport theimplementation of UtilityManagement Standardfor SWP (G300) Guidebook completedand published in May2010
AWWA SWP Standard Scope - describes the essentialelements for the effective protectionof source waters. Purpose - defines the minimumprogram requirements for theprotection of source waters. Application – referenced in theevaluation of source water protectionfor recognition (e.g., AWWAExemplary SWP Awards); takingsteps to achieve SWP as acomponent of the multiple barrierapproach
AWWA SWP Standard The minimum requirements for a source waterprogram include six primary elements:1.A source water protection program vision;2.Source water characterization;3.Source water protection goals;4.Source water protection action plan;5.Implementation of the action plan; and6.Periodic evaluation and revision of program.*Involvement of stakeholders throughout theprocess
Essential Elements of SWPStandardFeedback and RevisionVisionSource Water Characterization(e.g., Source Water Assessment)Program GoalsAction PlanImplementation(e.g., monitoring, best management practices, education)Program Evaluation
Key Points of SWP Standard Although each of these primary elements may differgreatly in their required effort or complexity, they areeach vital to the success of the program. Basicsuccess in each element must be demonstrated toobtain recognition in the area of SWP. Within this generalized framework, individual utilitiesmay establish and maintain SWP programs thataccount for their unique local conditions, incorporatethe interests of local stakeholders, and reflectsustainable long-term commitments to the processby all parties.
Vision A formalized vision that guides thedevelopment and implementation of aSWP program. A statement of commitment to SWP. Helps to align priorities and resources forthe SWP program.
An Example of a SWP Vision(Groton Utilities, CT)Vision:To achieve long-term preservation of safeand sustainable drinking water suppliesthrough proactive watershed protection inthe Groton Utilities public water supplywatersheds.
An Example of a SWP Vision(Philadelphia, PA)Vision: “Green City, Clean Waters” - “unite the City with itswater environment, creating a green legacy for futuregenerations while incorporating a balance betweenecology, economics and equity”Mission statement: “To preserve and enhance the health of the region’swatersheds through effective wastewater and stormwater services and the adoption of a comprehensivewatershed management approach that achieves asensible balance between cost and environmental benefitand is based on planning and acting in partnership withother regional stakeholders”.
Source Water CharacterizationCharacterization and assessment of thesource water and the land or subsurfacearea from which the source water isderived Obtain the understanding andknowledge needed to develop thegoals and plans to implement theactions that will realize the sourcewater protection vision Provide information for conducting arisk assessment/susceptibility analysis Inform prioritization of water qualityand SWP issues and contaminationsources
Characterization Activities Delineation of Source Areas ofConcern Water Quality Information Contaminant Source InventoryData Land Use Analysis Physical Barrier EffectivenessDetermination Intake Structure Filling Information Gaps andNeeds Analysis of Vulnerability/Susceptibility
Example: Source Water Protection AreaDelineation and Land Use Analysis Defined perimeter ofcatchment/watershedDefined land usesProduced inelectronicallyaccessible form#Ga t es st rm s .s h pGa t es rd s. s hpLan d Use C ate g o ri e s######c em et e ry / g o lf c ou r se sf or es tb og /m a rs h / s wa m po pe nc ro pl a ndn ur se r y/ o r c ha r dp as tu r ew et la n dl ig ht re si d en t i alm ed iu m r es i de n t ia lm ul ti - un it re s i de n ti ald en se re si d en t i alc om me r ci ali nf ra s tr uc t ur eN0 .900 .91 .8K ilo m e te r sWES
Contaminant Source InventoryNorfolk, NE Wellhead Protection Area more than 12 square miles 185 residential sites; each of which is estimatedto have one domestic well wells at 20 commercial sites, 29 monitoring wellsand approximately 20 irrigation wellsExamples on inventory Fuel oil storage tanks: location and size Pesticide/herbicide storage and usage: locationand amounts
Property DelineationNorfolk, NE Wellhead Protection Area
Program GoalsGoals and objectives need to be formulated To guide the SWP program and its elements To target problems through characterization andrisk assessment processes To address drivers that motivate the SWPprogram (e.g., vision statement) To address current and future issues To prioritize concerns of the greatest importanceand specify timelines and measurable goals
Program Goals Both internal and external stakeholders shouldbe involved in the development of the goals Can be both relatively general and more detailed Should address water quality issues such aspublic health, treatment requirements and cost,and aesthetic concerns, but may also includeother considerations such as environmentalstewardship, equity, and Should consider areas where success is mostlikely
Program Goal ExampleThe SWP plan for the Schuylkill River incorporatesthe following seven (7) major objectives (PWD2006): Establish the Schuylkill Action Network as apermanent watershed-wide organizationcharged with identifying problems andprioritizing projects and funding sources to bringabout real improvement in water qualitythroughout the Schuylkill River watershed Create a long-term, sustainable fund to supportrestoration, protection, and education projects inthe Schuylkill River watershed
Program Goal Example (continue) Increase awareness of the Schuylkill Riverwatershed’s regional importance as a drinkingwater source Initiate changes in policies and decision-makingthat balance and integrate the priorities of boththe Safe Drinking Water Act and Clean WaterAct Establish the Early Warning System as aregional information sharing resource andpromote its capabilities for water qualitymonitoring and improving emergencycommunications Reduce point source impacts to water quality Reduce non-point source impacts to waterquality
Action PlanThe action plan identifies required actions(management practices, statutory or regulatorychanges, agreements, etc.) needed to mitigateexisting and future threats to source waterActivities address each desired SWP goals For each action item the plan should identifywhat, why, where, who, how, and when Includes prioritization, timetable, resources,potential obstacles, measures of success
Additional Componentsfor Action Plan Compliance with regulatory requirementsSecurity planning and implementationEmergency preparedness and responseHealth and safety management
ImplementationImplementation of the Action Plan is the core of anySWP program. Planning without implementationdoes not provide results, and without this step, noactual protection takes placePlan Implementation Develop a comprehensive and implementable plan Use an adaptive management approach to respondto unexpected challenges and barriers Adhere to an established timelinePlan descriptions sayan organization is going to dosomethingImplementation descriptionsdescribe what protection activitieshave already been done
Implementation Use milestones and achievement benchmarks Keep track of changes to roles and responsibilities Identify obstacles and look for means to overcomethese obstacles or other means of reaching theobjectives Assess any funding changes during implementationof the project and adjust accordingly Establish process for contingency planning andperiodic revision and improvement of the programimplementation tasks
Program EvaluationSWP Plan should be a living document, continuouslyundergoing improvement in an iterative process Include provisions in SWP Plan for review and revision Periodic, scheduled review In response to changes in sources or implementationperformance Modify the utility’s vision, characterization, goals, actionplan, and implementation elements Measure the accomplishment or completion of projects,programs, and activities identified in the action plan Identify obstacles to success and means to overcomethose obstacles
Summary Source water protection is a highly site-specificprocess that reflects the inherent diversity of theenvironment Successful source water protection programs mayvary substantially in their details; but they share sixfundamental elements
Testimony from Bob Morgan ofBeaver Water District (Arkansas) G300 and the operational guide were atremendous help in organizing our sourcewater protection plan into a coherentdocument. Also, the checklists in theoperational guide walked us through all ofthe elements of a source water program.Because of the checklists, we thought aboutitems that previously we had not consideredas part of source water protection. Finally,having a program that is in accordance withthe American Water Works Associationstandard gives us credence with many ofthe stakeholders that were somewhatreluctant at first.
Worksheets From Operational Guide to AWWA Standard
Vision Questions1. Is there a written mission statement or policy adopted by thegoverning board of the utility that specifically addresses SWP?2. Is the SWP vision (mission statement or policy) distributed andunderstood throughout the organization?3. Does your mission statement recognize that SWP is one of themultiple barriers for drinking water production?4. Does the utility mission statement include commitment of, orintention to commit, sufficient resources?5. Have key stakeholders been identified and involved in developmentof the mission statement (e.g., was there a process in which outsideentities had the opportunity to comment)?6. Is there a process for regular/periodic review of the SWP vision andwhen was the SWP vision last reviewed?7. Optional - Is the SWP vision available to the public (in ConsumerConfidence Report, Annual Report, other Outreach Materials, and/orthe utility’s Web site)?
Characterization Questions1. Have the SWP area(s) and area(s) of concern been delineated?- Using geological tools or estimated time of travel?2. Do water quality data exist for the source water at intakes or wells?3. Do inventories, records or knowledge of actual and potentialcontaminant sources, and associated land-use information exist?4. Is the information from Question 3 in a useable format?5. Have existing management activities and pollution control practicesin the SWP area been evaluated?6. Has a source water susceptibility analysis been conducted?7. Are relevant personnel aware of applicablefederal/state/provincial/local regulations?8. Have source water area stakeholders, landowners, their roles, andtheir initiatives been identified?
Characterization Questions(continue)9a. Has the utility adequately identified the key security threats to thesource water?9b. Does the utility have written plans describing the expectedresponse of personnel in the even of an emergency incident(including sabotage and accident)?9c. Does the emergency plan include components for both protectingpeople and protecting the source water?10. Does the utility have documentation that describes emergencyresponse plans and provides specific directions to personnel in theevent of an emergency?11. Does the utility have documentation of health and safetyprocedures that are designed to safeguard the employees andvisitors engaged in operations activities pertaining to watershedmanagement?12. Is there a process for periodic updating of the source protectionarea?
Program Goal Questions1. Program Goalsa. Does the utility have written goals for the SWP program?b. Are the goals prioritized?c. Has a specific timetable been developed to meet the goals?2. Do these goals directly and adequately address the primaryexisting and future threats to source water quality that wereidentified in the source water/SWP area characterization andsusceptibility analysis?3. Do the goals address emerging/unknown contaminants?4. Do the goals address potential changes in land use and relatedimpacts?5. Do the goals address other potential future issues for the sourcewater?
Program Goal Questions (continue)6. Qualitative and Quantitative Measuresa. Do the goals have specific qualitative and/or quantitative meansof measurement?b. Do the qualitative and/or quantitative dimensions have specificmeans of measurement?7. Do the goals meet or exceed existing and future regulations?8. Stakeholder Involvementa. Are internal stakeholders involved in development of the goals?b. Are external stakeholders involved in development of the goals?c. Do these goals adequately consider customer and otherstakeholder expectations?9. Is there a process for periodic revision and improvement of the goals
Action Plan Questions1a. Does the action plan incorporate the community’s vision?1b. Is each of the established SWP goals supported by potentialprojects and/or activities?Essential Components2a. Address existing contaminant sources2b. Address sensitive areas2c. Consider effectiveness of actions (e.g., BMPs) for key contaminants2d. Involve stakeholders
Action Plan Questions (continue)Prioritization and Planning3a. Are potential projects and/or activities prioritized on the basis ofrelative risk from pollutant sources, buy-in from stakeholders, staffand resource commitment needed, budget and finances, expertise,time commitments needed to accomplish, political support andfeasibility, likely effectiveness, and short-term vs. long-termactions?3b. Have work plans been developed for the projects (including scope,budget, required resources, responsibilities, and implementationschedule)?4. Are funding mechanisms in place to support the various potentialprojects and/or activities?5. Is a timetable laid out for implementation of each step of the actionplan?6. Have potential problems and obstacles been identified to the extentfeasible?
Action Plan Questions (continue)7. Have means for measuring the success of the projects beendeveloped?8. Are there any research efforts to address current and futurecontamination threats to your source water?9. Does the action plan contain sufficient flexibility to address futureneeds that may involve?10. Does the plan consider future changes in land use and theirimpacts on water quality? Was a model used to predict futuredevelopment impacts?11. Does the plan address potential future point sources and how theywould be mitigated?12. Does the plan address future sources of supply and how they willbe protected?13. Is there a process for periodic revision and improvement of theaction plan?
Action Plan – ContingencyPlanning QuestionsContingency Planning14a.Has the ability of the water system to function with the loss of the largestsource of supply been assessed?Water system’s maximum capacity identifiedCapacity re-evaluated to consider if the largest supply source were to be lostThe most vulnerable sources of supply identified (using vulnerability/susceptibility analysis)14b.Has a plan for alternate water supply been developed?Short-term and Long-term supplies identifiedEmergency supplies considered, including increasing production fromexisting supplies, conservation measures, inter-ties with other water supplysystems, providing standby treatment facilities, increasing storageAlternative supplies for fire flows considered14c. Has a spill/incident response plan been developed?Included emergency responders (fire, police, health dept., etc.) in the planIncluded protocols and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sharinginformation with the media/public
Implementation Questions1. Milestones and Achievementsa. Are the high-priority projects completed or in process?b. Have project milestones been achieved on time?c. Are projects achieving their objectives as outlined in the action plan?d. Were all components of the plan implemented?2. Roles and Responsibilitiesa. Were there changes of responsibilities or roles of utility personnel duringimplementation?b. Was there continued support or participation throughout planimplementation by stakeholder partners?3. If obstacles to successful implementation of the action plan have beenencountered, have means for surmounting those obstacles or other meansof reaching the objectives been identified?4. Were there any funding changes during implementation of the project?5. Is there a process for contingency planning and periodic revision andimprovement of the program implementation tasks?
Program Evaluation and RevisionQuestions1.2.3.4.5.Is there an established process for evaluating the SWPprogram and its elements? Revising the program on thebasis of evaluation results? Process to identify and assessemerging issues and incorporate them in the program?Has the evaluation team been named?Is there a timeline and/or other criteria for the evaluation?Have benchmarks been established (for land use, waterquality monitoring, habitat monitoring, and stakeholdercommunication)?Is the SWP program evaluation and modification reported tointernal and external stakeholder and the governing board?
QuestionsChi Ho Sham, Ph.D., VP & Chief ScientistEastern Research Group, Inc.E-mail: ChiHo.Sham@erg.comAn ounce of pre ention isorth a pound of cure- Ben Franklin
AWWA SWP Standard Developed under AWWA Standards Council by SWP Committee 2007 –AWWA approved and published the first edition of G300 Standard –effective on July 1, 2007 2014 –the second edition of the G300 Standard h
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May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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