م۬يۮ ۬ر Sلا ن۬م۪ ۮرل Sا ه Xل۬لا ۬م ¶ۮ۬ب ARIC Arabic .

۬ َّ اب الش ۬ ۫د ۫خو ۫ل الف۪ا ۬ء ۪ع ۪لى ۪ج ۪و رط ۬ َّ اب الش رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و should be preceded with ۪فـ , if it meets certain conditions.۬ َّ اب الش For example, if رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و is a ۬س ۬م َّي ۨة ۱ ۫جم ۪ل ۨة ا , it will be preceded with a ف۪ـ ۬ َّ اب الش رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و ۪۪۬۬۬ ــ ف ي ن ع ي ۬يب ر ق ِّي ن ا ـ د ا ب ع ۱ِّ۪۪ۨ ۪ ۬ ۪ذا ۪ساّّل۪ك ۱ ۪وا “And if My slave asks youabout Me, than surely I amnear (2:186)”﴾١٨٦: ﴿البقرة ۬ َّ الش Also, if رط ۫ َّ الش رط اب ۪ ا۬س ۬ت ۱ ، ن۪ ۬هي ، )اّّ ۪م ۨر , it will be preceded with a ۪فـ ۫ ۪ج ۪و contains a فها ۨم( ۪ط ۪ل ۨب ۬ َّ اب الش رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و If I see Bilal, what shouldI tell him۫ َّ الش رط يت ب۬ل۪ا ۧلا ۪فــ ۪ما ۪ذا اّّق۫و ۫ل ل۪ ۫ه ؟ ۫ ّّ ا۬ ۪ذا ۪را ۱۬ َّ الش There are other conditions which require رط اب ۫ ۪ج ۪و to be precededwith ۪فـ . These are described in subsequent pages.ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5)10

۬ َّ ات الش Instruments of Condition - رط ۫ اّّ ۪د ۪و ۬ َّ الش Two categories of رط “When Our verses arerecited to him, he says,"Legends of the formerpeoples."” (68:15)﴾١٥: ﴿القلم ين ۪ ۬ ۬ ۪ذا ت۫ ۮت ۪لىٰ ۪ع ۪ل ۮي ۬ه اۯ ۪يات۫ ۪نا ۪قا ۪ل اّّ ۪س ۬اط ۫ير ا ۮلا ّّ َّول ۱ ا If you go,I (will) go ۬ن ۪تذ ۪ه ۮب اّّذ ۪ه ۮب ۱ ا ۪مج ۫زو ۨم Whatever youdrink, I (will) drink شر ۮب ۪ ّّ شر ۮب ا ۪ ۪ما ۪ت ۪مج ۫زو ۨم ۬ ۪ذا ۱ ا If, When ۪غ ۫ير ۪جا ۬ز م ۬ن ۱ ا ۪جا ۬ز ۨم ۪من ّّا ُّي IfWhoeverWhichever ۪ما اّّي ۪ن ۪ما / ين ۪ ّّ ا WhateverWherever ۪م ۪تى ۪مه ۪ما WheneverARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ات ۫ اّّ ۪د ۪و ٫٬Neither of the two verbs۬ َّ اب الش ۫ َّ ف۬ع ۫ل الش or رط ( رط ۫ ) ۪ج ۪و ismade ۪مج ۫زو ۨم ۫ َّ الش Both the verbs ( رط ۬ َّ الش and رط ۪مج ۫زو ۨم . ف۬ع ۫ل اب ۫ ) ۪ج ۪و are made۬ ( ۪تج ۬ز ۫م ف۬ع ۪لين It makes twoverbs ) ۪مج ۫زو ۨم Whatever11

۬ َّ ات الش Instruments of Condition - رط ۫ اّّ ۪د ۪و When Ramadancomes, doors of theParadise are opened الج َّن ۬ة ۪ اب ۫ ۬ ۪ذا ۪ج ۪اء ۪ر ۪م ۪ضا ۫ن ف۫ ۬ت ۪ح ۮت اّّب ۪و ۱ ا “if you support Allah, He willsupport you and plant firmlyyour feet” (47:7) ﴾٧: ﴿محمد ۪ف ۪م ۮن ۪يع ۪م ۮل ۬مثق۪ا ۪ل ۪ذ َّر ة ۪خ ۧيرا ۪ي ۪ر ۫ه Whichever dictionary we findin the bookshop, we will buy it۬ ۪تج ۬ز ۫م ۬فع ۪لين نص ۮرك۫ ۮم ۪و ۫ي ۪ثـ ِّب ۮت اّّ ۮقد۪ا ۪م ۫ك ۮم ۫ نص ۫روا اللَّـ ۪ه ۪ي ۫ ۬ ۮن ۪ت ۱ ا “Whoever does an atom’s weight ofgood, shall see it” (99:7)﴾٧: ﴿الزلزلة “And whatever good you do, Allahknows it” (2:197)﴾١٩٧: ﴿البقرة ۪غ ۫ير ۪جا ۬ز م ۬ ۪ذا ۱ ا ۪و ۪ما ۪ت ۮف ۪عل۫وا ۬م ۮن ۪خ ۮي ر ۪ي ۮع ۪ل ۮم ۫ه اللَّـ ۫ه عج م ن ۪۬ج ۮد ۫ه ۬في ال ۪مك ۪ت ۪ب ۬ة ن۪ش ۪تـ ۬ر ۬ه ۪ اّّ َّي ۫م Whatever you say,we believe you ۪مج ۫زو ۨم ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ۬ن ۱ ا ۨ ۪جاز۬م ۪من ۪م ۪تى ۪ما اّّي ۪ن ۪ما / اّّ ۪ين اّّ ُّي ۪مه ۪ما Whenever you travel,I (will) travel ۪م ۪تى ت۫ ۪سا ۬فـ ۮر اّْسا ۬فـ ۮر Wherever you stay, I(will) stay (there) ين ۪تس ۫ك ۮن اّّس ۫ك ۮن ۪ ّّ ا ۪ ۪مه ۪ما ۪ت ۫ق ۮل ن ۪۫ص ِّد ۮقك 12

۬ َّ اب الش ۬ ۫د ۫خو ۫ل الف۪ا ۬ء ۪ع ۪لى ۪ج ۪و رط ۬ َّ اب الش ۬ َّ اب الش رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و should be preceded with ۪فـ , if it ( رط ۫ ) ۪ج ۪و meets one of the following conditions:“Whoever obeys Allah and Hismessenger, has indeed achieveda great success” (33:71) ﴾٧١: حزاب ۰ ﴿الا ۪و ۪من ۫ي ۬ط ۮع اللَّ ۪ه ۪و ۪ر ۫سو ۪ل ۫ه ۪فـــق۪د ۪فا ۪ز ۪فو ۧزا ۪ع ۬ظي ۧما ۪سـ ۪ق ۮد ۬س ۬م َّي ۨة ۱ ۫جم ۪ل ۨة ا وف ۪ ۪س ۪ما ال َّن ۬اف َّي ۫ة ۪كاّّنَّ ۪ما ۬فع ۨل ۪ج ۬ام ۨد ل۪ن ۪ط ۪لـ ۬بـ َّيـ ۨة If you travel, I will (also)travel ۬ن ت۫ ۪سا ۬ف ۮر ۪فــ ۪سـاّْ ۪سا ۬ف ۫ر ۱ ا Whatever the circumstances be, I do notlie وف ۪فــ ۪ما اّّك ۬ذ ۫ب ۫ ۪مه ۪ما ۪ت ۫كن ال ُّظ ۫ر Whoever puts on silk (dress) in this world, will not put it on in theHereafter فها ۨم ۪ ۬س ۬ت ۱ اّّم ۨر ۪ن ۬هي ا الحر ۪۬ير ۬في الد ُّ۪نيا ۪فــ ۪ل ۮن ۪ي ۪لب ۪س ۫ه ۬في الا ۯ ۬خ ۪ر ۬ة ۪ س ۪ ۪من ل۪ ۬ب Whoever deceives us, is notone of us يس ۬م َّنا ۪ ۪من ۪غشَّ ۪نا ۪فـــ ۪ل If you see Hamid, ask himabout the time of departure يت ۪ح ۬امدۧا ۪فـــساّّلۮــ ۫ه ۪ ّّ ۬ ۪ذا ۪را ۱ ا ۬ ۪عن ۪م السف ۬ر َّ وع ۬د If you find the patient sleeping, don’t wake him up ۬يضا ن۪ائ۬ ۧما ۪فـــل۪ا ت۫و ۬ق ۮظ ۫ه ۧ دت ۪مر ۪ ۬ ۪ذا ۪و ۪ج ۱ ا ۬فع ۨل ۪ج ۬ام ۨد is a verb having only one form, e.g. ۪ع ۪سى ، يس ۪ ۪ ل . These have no ۫م ۪ضار۬ ۨع or اّّ ۪م ۨر ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5)13

۬ َّ اب الش ۬ ۫د ۫خو ۫ل الف۪ا ۬ء ۪ع ۪لى ۪ج ۪و رط ۬ َّ الش Once رط ۬ َّ اّّ ۪دا ۫ة الش is ۪جا ۬ز ۨم اب ۫ ۪ج ۪و is preceded with ۪فـ , its verb will not be ۪مج ۫زو ۨم even if رط ۪مرف۫و ۨع If you travel, I will (also) travel۬ َّ الش In this case, the whole رط If, in the above example,will result in the verb in ۪مج ۫زو ۨم ۬ َّ اّّ ۪دا ۫ة الش ۬ ۪تجـ ۬ز ۫م ۬فع ۪لين ، ۪جا ۬ز ۨم ، رط ۬ن ت۫ ۪س ۬اف ۮر ۪فــ ۪سـاّْ ۪س ۬اف ۫ر ۱ ا اب ۫ ۪ج ۪و is said to be ۬في ۪م ۪ح ِّل ۪جز م ۬ َّ اب الش سـ was not used in the رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و , it will cause ۪فـ to be dropped, which۬ َّ اب الش رط ۫ ۪ج ۪و to be ۪مج ۫زو ۨم , as shown below:۬ َّ اّّ ۪دا ۫ة الش ۪تجـ ۬ز ۫م ۬فع ۪لين۬ ۪مج ۫زو ۨم ۪مج ۫زو ۨم ، ۪جا ۬ز ۨم ، رط If you travel, I (will also) travelARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ۬ن ت۫ ۪س ۬اف ۮر اّْ ۪س ۬اف ۮر ۱ ا 14

Classification of Verbs ۫م ۪ج َّر ۨد ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۪مز۬ي ۨد ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۫م ۪ج َّر ۨد ۫ر ۪ب ۬اعي ۪مز۬ي ۨد ۫ر ۪ب ۬اعي ۪ف ۪ع ۪ل ۪يف ۫ع ۫ل ۪ف ۫ع ۪ل ۪يف ۫ع ۫ل ۪فـ َّعـ ۪ل ۪تـ ۪ف َّع ۪ل ا۬ ۮفـ ۪تـ ۪ع ۪ل ۪فع ۪ل ۪ل ۪تف۪ع ۪ل ۪ل ۪ف ۪ع ۪ل ۪يف ۬ع ۫ل ۪ف ۬ع ۪ل ۪يف ۪ع ۫ل ۪فا ۪ع ۪ل ۪تـف۪ا ۪ع ۪ل ا۬ ۮفـ ۪ع َّل ۪ف ۪ع ۪ل ۪يف ۪ع ۫ل ۪ف ۬ع ۪ل ۪يف ۬ع ۫ل اّّ ۮفـ ۪ع ۪ل ا۬نۮـ ۪ف ۪ع ۪ل ا۬ ۮس ۪تـ ۮف ۪ع ۪ل II III IV V VI VII يح ۪ص ۬ح ۨ ۪سال۬ ۨم ف ۫م ۪ضا ۪ع ۨ 15 VIII ا۬ف ۪عن ۪ل ۪ل IX ا۬ف ۪ع ۪ل َّل X ۫مع ۪تل ۪مه ۫مو ۫ز الف۪ا ۬ء ۪مه ۫مو ۫ز ال ۪عين۬ ۪مه ۫مو ۫ز اللَّا ۬م ۫مع ۪ت ُّل الف۪ا ۬ء ( ۬م ۪ثا ۨل) ف) ۫مع ۪ت ُّل ال ۪عين۬ (اّّج ۪و ۨ ص) ۫مع ۪ت ُّل اللَّا ۬م (ن ۪۬اق ۨ يف ۪م ۫قرو ۨن ل۪ ۬ف ۨ يف ۪م ۫فرو ۨق ل۪ ۬ف ۨ ) ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5

Pronouns Summary ۪مرف۫و ۨع ۫منف ۬ ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫ص ۨل [] [] ۫ه ۪و ا ۬ن ا ۫ه ۪ما ۮو ۪ن ۮو ۫ه ۮم [] [] ۬ه ۪ي ا ۬ن ا ۫ه ۪ما ۪ن ن ۫ه َّن [] ۪ت اّّنۮ ۪ت ا ۬ن ت۫ـ ۪ما اّّنۮ ۫ت ۪ما ۮو ۪ن ت۫ـ ۮم اّّنۮ ۫ت ۮم ـيـ ۪ن ۬ت اّّنۮ ۬ت ا ۬ن ۫ت ۪ما اّّنۮ ۫ت ۪ما ۪ن ت۫ــ َّن اّّنۮ ۫ت َّن [] ۫ت اّّن۪ا [] ن۪ا ن ۮ۪ح ۫ن 16 وب ۪م ۫ نص ۨ ۫منف ۬ ۫ص ۨل ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫ه ا َّ ۬۱ يا ۫ه ۫ه ۪ما ا َّ ۬۱ يا ۫ه ۪ما ۫ه ۮم ۱ ا۬ َّيا ۫ه ۮم ۪ها ا َّ ۬۱ يا ۪ها ۫ه ۪ما ا َّ ۬۱ يا ۫ه ۪ما ۫ه َّن ا َّ ۬۱ يا ۫ه َّن ۪ك ۱ ا۬ َّيا ۪ك ا َّ ۬۱ ياك۫ ۪ما ك۫ ۪ما ا َّ ۬۱ ياك۫م ك۫م ا َّ ۬۱ ي ۬ ۬ك اك ۱ ا۬ َّياك۫ ۪ما ك۫ ۪ما ا َّ ۬۱ يا ۫ك َّن ك۫ َّن ي اي ا َّ ۬۱ ي ۪ ن۪ا ا َّ ۬۱ يان۪ا جرو ۨر ۪م ۫ ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫ه ۫ه ۪ما ۫ه ۮم ۪ها ۫ه ۪ما ۫ه َّن ۪ك ك۫ ۪ما ك۫م ۬ك ك۫ ۪ما ك۫ َّن ي ن۪ا Only the letters highlighted ض ۬مير in red represent the ۪ Please note a further breakdown is often done at advanced levels, but is not shown here for brevity. For ت ۫ only ت ۮم example, in ۫ is the is the sign of م ۪ , and ض ۬مير plural. For simplicity, ت۫ ۮم however, we will consider ض ۬مير as ۪ for now. ۪ض ۬مي ۨر ۫مس ۪تت۬ ۨر ] [ ) ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5

The Absolute Object – ال ۪مف ۫عو ۫ل ال ۫مط ۪ل ۫ق Bilal beat mea beating ۪ض ۪ر ۪ب ۬ني ۪بل۪ا ۨل ۪ض ۮر ۧبا ال ۪مف ۫عو ۫ل ال ۫مط ۪ل ۫ق is a ۪مصد۪ر of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with theverb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص Four Uses of ق ۫ ال ۫مط ۪ل The book was printedtwice۬ ط۫ ۬بـ ۪ع ۬ اب ۪طب ۪ع ۪تين ۫ الك ۪ت Here the ۪مصد۪ر isa substitute forthe verb اّّش ۫ك ۫ر ,which is omittedIn this case, only the ال ۪مف ۫عو ۫ل ل۬ ۪ب ۪ي ۬ان ال ۪ع ۪د ۬د ۮ ۬كي ۬د ال ۪م ۮع ۪نى ۰ ل۬ ۪تا To specify thenumberTo emphasize themeaningI thankyou ال ۪مص ۪د ۫ر ال َّنائ۬ ۫ب كرا ۧ ۫ ش ۪عن ۬فع ۬ل ۬ه As a substitute forits verb ل۬ ۪ب ۪ي ۬ان ال َّنو ۬ع To specify the typeof actionAnd Allah spoke to Mûsâdirectly ﴾١٦٤: ﴿النساء وسى ۪تك ۬لي ۧما ۪ ۪و ۪كلَّ ۪م اللَّ ۫ه ۫م He died the death ofmartyrs وت الشُّ ۪هد۪ا ۬ء ۪ ات ۪م ۪ ۪م ۪مصد۪ر is used and the verb is omittedARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5)17

Deputies of the Masdar – ۪اب ۪ع ۬ن ال ۪مص ۪د ۬ر ۪ ۪ما ن The following words deputize for ۪مصد۪ر and are therefore وب ۫ ۪م , and are grammaticallyۨ نص regarded as ق ۫ ال ۫مط ۪ل ٬ ع ۪دده ۫۫ ۪ ال ۪مف ۫عو ۫ل .Flog them eighty stripesI know him fully well﴾٤: ﴿النور A number with the ۪مصد۪ر as its ۪تمي۬يز ين ۪جل ۪د ۧة ۪ ۬ اّّع ۬رف۫ ۫ه ك۫ َّل ال ۪مع ۬ر ۪ف ۬ة ۪فاج ۬لد۫و ۫هم ۪ث ۪مان spoke to me harsh٤ ۬ ا۬سم المص ۪در Hewords۪ ۫ ۪كلَّ ۪م ۬ني ۪كل۪ا ۧما ش۪ ۬ديدۧا ٦Do you accord me this kind ofreception? ۬الاش۪ ا ۪ر ۬ة ۱ ۬الاست۬ ۪قبا ۪ل؟ ا۬س ۫م ۱ اّّ ۪تس ۪تق ۬بل۫ ۬ني ۪ه ۪ذا A demonstrative pronounwith the ۪مصد۪ر as its ۪بد۪ل ٨ ۬ ۫م ۪رادف۫ ۫ه A synonym ofthe ۪مصد۪ر I lived a happy life شت ۪ح ۪يا ۧة ۪س ۬عي ۪د ۧة ۫ ۬ع ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ۬ل۪ى ال ۪مص ۪د ۬ر ۱ عض ۪واّّ ُّي ۫م ۪ضا ۪ف ۧة ا ۫ ك۫ ُّل ۪و ۪ب ٫ اّّ ُّي ، عض ۫ ۪ب ، ك۫ ُّل with the ۪مصد۪ر as their ۬ل۪ي ۬ه ۱ اف ا ۨ ۫م ۪ض WordsThis is forI understood thelesson very well َّرس ف۪ه ۧما ۪ج ِّيدۧا ۫ ۪ف ۬ه ۪ مت الد َّرس ۪ج ِّيدۧا ۫ ۪ف ۬ه ۪ مت الد And you love wealth with anabounding love ﴾٢٠: ﴿الفجر ۪وت۫ ۬ح ُّبو ۪ن ال ۪ما ۪ل ۫ح ًّبا ۪ج ۧما ٭ ۪۬ صف ۫ت ۫ه An adjective ofthe ۪مصد۪ر , whichitself is omitted۬ ۪مص ۪د ۫ر ۫يل ۪۬اقي ۬ه ۬في ۬الاش ۬تق ٥ ۪اق The cognate ۪مصد۪ر ٧۪۬۬۬۬ ه ي ل ا د ئ ا ع ال ه ير م ض ۫۱۪۪ ۫۫ دت ا۬ج ۬ت ۪ها ۧدا ل۪م ۪يج ۪ت ۬ه ۮد ۫ه ۪غير۬ي ۫ ا۬ج ۪ت ۪ه I worked hard in a way nobody else didSee subsequent pages for more on these topicsA pronoun referringto the ۪مصد۪ر 18

۬ ۪مص ۪د ۨر ۫يل۪ا ۬قي ۬ه** ۬في ۬الاش ۬تق The Cognate Masdar – ۪اق ****A cognate masdar is one which is not the masdar of the verb used in the sentence, instead it isrelated to the verb in its common root. Following two situations apply: ال ۪مص ۪د ۫ر ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۪مز۬ي ۨد ۬في ۬ه ال ۬فع ۫ل ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۪مز۬ي ۨد ۬في ۬ه ٬ ال ۪مص ۪د ۫ر ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۫م ۪ج َّر ۨد ال ۬فع ۫ل ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۪مز۬ي ۨد ۬في ۬ه ٫From two different formsAnd devote yourself to Him withcomplete devotion﴾٨: ﴿المزمل And you love wealth with anabounding love ﴾٢٠: ﴿الفجر ۬ل۪ي ۬ه ۪تـبـ ۬تـيـلۧا ۱ ۪و ۪ت ۪ـبـ َّتـ ۮل ا ۪بـ َّتـ ۪ل ۫ي ۪ـبـ ِّتـ ۫ل Form IIMasdar ل Masdar:ۨ ۪تـ ۮبـ ۬تـ ۮيـ Root: ب ت ل ۪ت ۪ـبـ َّتـ ۪ل ۪يـ ۪ت ۪ـبـ َّتـ ۫ل Form VMaMasdar: ۪ت ۪ـبـ ُّتـ ۨل Root: ب ت ل ۪وت۫ ۬ح ُّبو ۪ن ال ۪ما ۪ل ۫ح ًّبا ۪ج ۧما اّّ ۪ح َّب ۫ي ۬ح ُّب )ث۫ل۪اث۬ي ۫م ۪ج َّر ۨد( ۪ح َّب ۪ي ۬ح ُّب Form IVMaMasdar: اب MaMasdar: ۫حب ۨ حب ۪ ۬۱ ا Root: ح ب ب Root: ح ب ب Common root*cog-nate - \ˈkäg-ˌnāt\ : word related to another by common rootARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5)Common root**۬*** ( ۪لا ۪قى ۫يل۪اقي Form III): To meet ا۬شت۬ق۪ا ۨق : Derivation19

۬ ا۬س ۫م ال ۪مص ۪در It is a word, which has the same meaning as the masdar but has less letters than the masdar. Everyverb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e. د ۬في ۬ه ۨ ۪مز۬ي , there could be ا۬س ۫م ال ۪مص ۪د ۬ر alongwith the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has ال ۪مص ۪د ۬ر regular masdar on the pattern of ل ۨ ۪تـ ۮفـ ۬عـ ۮيـ .۬ ا۬س ۫م ال ۪مص ۪در ۨ ۪سل۪ام اّّ ۪ذا ۨن ۪فـ ۪عا ۨل : ۪وز ۨن ۪و ۪دا ۨع ۪طل۪ا ۨق ۪كل۪ا ۨم ۪مـ ۪تـا ۨع ۪صل۪ا ۨة ف۫ـ ۮعـ ۪لـ ۨة : ۪وز ۨن ف۫ـ ۫عو ۨل : ۪وز ۨن Number of letters in each word: ق۫ـ ۮبـ ۪ل ۨة وء ۨ ۫و ۫ض 4ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ا۬س ۫م on the pattern of ۪ف ۪عا ۨل along with its ال ۪مص ۪د ۫ر ۪ت ۮسل۬ ۮي ۨم ۮ ۬ذي ۨن ۰ ۪تا ۪ت ۮو ۬دي ۨع ۪ت ۮطل۬ـ ۮي ۨق ۪ت ۮكل۬ي ۨم ۪ت ۮمـ ۬تـي ۮــ ۨع ۪ت ۮصل۬ ۪ي ۨة ۪تـ ۮقب۬يـ ۨل ۪تـ ۪و ُّضـ ۨؤ ال ۬فع ۫ل ۪سلَّ ۪م ۫ي ۪سلِّ ۫م اّّ َّذ ۪ن ۫يـ ۪ؤ ِّذ ۫ن ۪و َّد ۪ع ۫ي ۪و ِّد ۫ع ۪طـلَّـ ۪ق ۫ي ۪طـلِّـ ۫ق ك۪ـلَّ ۪م ۫ي ۪كـلِّ ۫م ۪مـ َّتـ ۪ع ۫يـ ۪مـ ِّتـ ۫ع ۪صلَّى ۫ي ۪صلِّي ۪قـ َّبـ ۪ل ۫يـق۪ـ ِّب ۫ل ّْ ۪ت ۪و َّضاّّ ۪يـ ۪تـ ۪و َّضا Form IIForm V520

۬The Exception – الاس ۬تث ۪ن ۫اء TheexceptedThe tool ofexceptionThe one from which theexception is made ال ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه اّّ ۪دا ۫ة ۬الاس ۬تث ۪نا ۬ء ال ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى All the students havepassed except Hamid ۬ َّلا ۪حا ۬مدۧا ۱ اب ك۫لُّ ۫هم ا ۫ ن ۪۪ج ۪ح ال ُّط َّل ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is a particle used as an instrument of exception. There aremany other instruments of exception, including the followingimportant ones. ۪غ ۫ير ۬س ۪وى ا۬س ۪م ۬ان ۪ما ۪عد۪ا ۬ ۬فعل ۪ان ۪ما ۪خل۪ا ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5)21

۬ اّّن ۪وا ۫ع Types of Exception – الاس ۬تث ۪نا ۬ء ۬ َّلا ۪ح ۬ام ۨد ۱ ۪ما ۪ج ۪اء ا ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is ۬ َّلا ۪ح ۬امدۧا ۱ َّاب ك۫لُّ ۫هم ا ۫ ۪ج ۪اء الطُّل not mentioned ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ismentionedAll students came except HamidNo one came exceptHamid ۬ َّلا اّّمت۬ ۪ع ۪ت ۫هم ۱ وف ا ۫ الض ۫ي ُّ ۪و ۪ص ۪ل ۪تام ۫منق ۪۬ط ۨع The guests have arrivedexcept their luggage ۬ َّلا ال ۪كسل۪ا ۫ن ۱ رس ۫ب اّّ ۪ح ۨد ا ۫ ۪هل ۪ي ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of adifferent kindthan ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه وج ب ۪ ۪غ ۫ير ۫م Does anyone fail except thelazy?ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ۬ َّلا ۫اليون۪ا ۪ن ۱ رت الب۬ل۪ا ۪د الاّْو ۫ر ِّبـ َّي ۪ة ك۫لَّ ۪ها ا ۫ ۫ز ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of the وج ۨب ۪ ۫م The sentenceis anaffirmativesentenceI have visited all European countries,except GreeceThe sentence is anegative, prohibitiveor interrogativesentence? ۬ َّلا الا ّّ ۬خ ۪ير ۪ة ۱ ا۬ف ۪ت ۬ح ال َّن ۪و ۬اف ۪ذ ا Open the windows exceptthe last onesame kind as ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه 22

Declension of Exception with illa – ۬ َّلا ۱ اب ال ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ب۬ـ ا ۪ ۬۱ ا ۫ عر When ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is used as the instrument of exception, the declension of ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى depends onthe type of exception, as shown below ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is ۪تام not mentioned ۫منق ۪۬ط ۨع ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of adifferent kindthan ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه وج ب ۪ ۪غ ۫ير ۫م As required by thesentence, as if ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is not mentioned وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ORSame as ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ismentioned ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of thesame kind as ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه The sentence is anegative, prohibitiveor interrogativesentence? وج ۨب ۪ ۫م The sentenceis anaffirmativesentenceDeclension وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى with ۬ َّلا ۱ ا of23

Examples for illa – ۬ َّلا ۱ اّّم ۬ث ۪ل ۨة ل۬ـ ا Allah forgives allsins except shirk ۬ َّلا الشِّ ر ۪ك ۱ ۫وب ك۫لَّ ۪ها ا ۪ ۪يغ ۬ف ۫ر اللَّ ۫ه ال ُّذن ال ُّذن۫وب , which is ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه , is mentioned ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is ۪تام not mentioned ۫منق ۪۬ط ۨع ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of adifferent kindthan ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه وج ب ۪ ۪غ ۫ير ۫م As required by thesentence, as if ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is not mentioned وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ORSame as ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ismentioned ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۬شرك is a kind of ۪ذنب ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of thesame kind as ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه The sentence is anegative, prohibitiveor interrogativesentence? وج ۨب ۪ ۫م The sentence is anaffirmative sentenceThe sentenceis anaffirmativesentenceDeclension وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى with ۬ َّلا ۱ ا of24

Examples for illa – ۬ َّلا ۱ اّّم ۬ث ۪ل ۨة ل۬ـ ا ۪ح ۬ام ۨد / ۬ َّلا ۪ح ۬امدۧا ۱ اب ا ۫ ۪ما ۪ح ۪ض ۪ر ال ُّط َّل No students werepresent exceptHamidDeclension of ۪ح ۬امد ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ is the same as ال ُّطلَّاب OR ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is َّاب ۫ ال ُّطل , which is ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه , is mentioned ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is ۪تام not mentioned ۫منق ۪۬ط ۨع mentioned ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of adifferent kindthan ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ۪ح ۬امد is a student ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of thesame kind as ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه The sentence is a negative sentence وج ب ۪ ۪غ ۫ير ۫م As required by thesentence, as if ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is not mentioned وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ORSame as ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه The sentence is anegative, prohibitiveor interrogativesentence? وج ۨب ۪ ۫م The sentenceis anaffirmativesentenceDeclension وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى with ۬ َّلا ۱ ا of25

Examples for illa – ۬ َّلا ۱ اّّم ۬ث ۪ل ۨة ل۬ـ ا Every sickness has amedicine except death وت ۪ ۬ َّلا ال ۪م ۱ ل۬ ۫ك ِّل ۪دا ء ۪د ۪و ۨاء ا ۪دا ء , which is ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه , is mentioned ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is ۪تام not mentionedDeath isnot asickness ۫منق ۪۬ط ۨع ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of adifferent kindthan ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه وج ب ۪ ۪غ ۫ير ۫م As required by thesentence, as if ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is not mentioned وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ORSame as ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ismentioned ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of thesame kind as ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه The sentence is anegative, prohibitiveor interrogativesentence? وج ۨب ۪ ۫م The sentenceis anaffirmativesentenceDeclension وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى with ۬ َّلا ۱ ا of26

Examples for illa – ۬ َّلا ۱ اّّم ۬ث ۪ل ۨة ل۬ـ ا No one failed except BilalTo get the correct declension for ۬ َّلا ب۬ل۪ا ۨل ۱ ۪ما ۪ر ۪س ۪ب ا ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is not mentioned ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه is ۪تام not mentioned ۫منق ۪۬ط ۨع ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of adifferent kindthan ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه وج ب ۪ ۪غ ۫ير ۫م As required by thesentence, as if ۬ َّلا ۱ ا is not mentioned وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ORSame as ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه ismentioned ۫م َّت ۬ص ۨل ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى in the case of ۫م ۪ف َّر ۨغ , remove ۬ َّلا ۱ ا from the sentence. ) ل ۨ ( ۪ما ۪ر ۪س ۪ب ب۬ل۪ا In۬ الف so it is ۪مرف۫وع . Ofthis case, ل ۨ ب۬ل۪ا is ۪اعل course, removing ۬ َّلا ۱ ا will make themeaning opposite of what the originalsentence means. This is done only toestablish the declension. ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى is of thesame kind as ? ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى ۬من ۫ه The sentence is anegative, prohibitiveor interrogativesentence? وج ۨب ۪ ۫م The sentenceis anaffirmativesentenceDeclension وب ۫ ۪م ۨ نص ۫مس ۪تث ۪نى with ۬ َّلا ۱ ا of27

The Oath – ۪س ۫م ۪ الق One of the important things in Arabic is the Qasamor a statement etc. It has its own rules. الق ۪۪س ۫م : taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter,The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath ۬قسام ۪ ۱ ا is not used frequently.Instead سم ۪ ۪ق , which is its ۬ اس ۫م ال ۪مص ۪در isThe wordused more often.۬ ۫ي / قس ۪م ـقس ۫م ۪ ّّ ا ۬قسا ۨم ۪ ۱ ا : ۪مصد۪ر These 3 particles are also used to commence an oath andact as وف ۪جر ۫ ۫ح ۫ر , so the noun after them is جرور ۫ ۪م . Theydeputize for the verb۬ ّْ ا , which itself is not mentioned قس ۫م This particle is only used with الل ّٓه and ب ۭ ۪ر ۬ ّْ ا ٫ قس ۫م ب۬ـ ۪ف ۪لا ۯ اّْ ۮق ۬س ۫م ب۬ـ ۪ر ِّب ٱلۮ ۪مش۪ ـر ۬۬ق ۪وٱ ۮل ۪م ۪غـر ۬۬ب ﴾٤٠: ۬نَّا ل۪ق۪ـ ۬د ۫رو ۪ن ﴿المعارج ۱ ا نسـ ۪ن ل۪ ۬فى ۫خ ۮس ر ۪ ۬ا ۱ ۬ َّن ٱ ۮل ۱ ۪وال ۪عص ۬ر ا ۪و ٬ ب۬ـ ۬نَّا ل۪ ۪ن ۮح ۫ن ٱلۮ ۪غـل۬ ۫بو ۪ن ٭ ۱ ۪و ۪قال۫و ۟ا ب۬ــ ۬ع َّز ۬ة ۬ف ۮر ۪ع ۮو ۪ن ا ۪تـ ٤﴾٢ ـ ١: ﴿العصر ﴾٤٤: ﴿الشعراء . ۪و ۪تــٱللَّـ ۬ه ۪لا ّّ ۬كي ۪د َّن اّّ ۮص ۪نـ ۪م ۫كم ﴾٥٧: نبياء ۰ ﴿الا ۬ ّْ ا is used to negate any idea, notion,This ۪لا is not related to the سم ۪ ۪ق . ۪لا is by itself. The ۪لا before the قس ۫م thought or an opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses ۪لا before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will۬ ّْ ) ۪لا ا . In the Qur’an, قس ۫م ب۬ـ ۬ ّْ ۪لا ا has been used 8 times. Even instate after taking the سم ۪ ۪ق . ( ۪لا ۪واللّٓ ۬ه / قس ۫م ب۬اللّٓ ۬ه everyday conversations, one may hear ۪والل ّٓ ۬ه ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) ۪لا 28

اب الق ۪۪س ۬م ۫ ۪ج ۪و The ۪س ۫م ۫ or الجم ۪ل ۫ة ال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ة ۫ . ۬ اب الق ۪۪سم ۪ الق requires ۬ اب الق ۪۪سم ۫ ۪ج ۪و , which may be الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۬الاس ۬م َّي ۫ة ۫ ۪ج ۪و as a rule, requires emphasis.There are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power & force of۬ اب الق ۪۪سم ۫ ۪ج ۪و . Insha Allah we will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few pages. اب الق ۪۪س ۬م ۫ ۪ج ۪و الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۬الاس ۬م َّي ۫ة ۫ الجم ۪ل ۫ة ال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ة ۫ ۬فعل۫ ۪ها ۫م ۪ضا ۬ر ۨع ال ۪من ۬ف ُّي ال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت ال ۪من ۬ف ُّي ض ۬فعل۫ ۪ها ۪ما ال ۪من ۬ف ُّي ال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5)The sentence in م ۬ الق ۪۪س ال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت negativepositiveNoemphasisrequiredRequiresemphasis اب ۫ ۪ج ۪و can be either ( ال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت positive) or۬2. ي ُّ ( ال ۪منف negative) . The negative sentencehas particles like ۪ما ، ۪لا 1.29

۪سم Instruments of Emphasis in ۫ اب الق ۪ الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۬الاس ۬م َّي ۫ة ۪ when it is ج ۪و ۫ اب الق ۪۪س ۬م ۪ج ۪و ۫ الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۬الاس ۬م َّي ۫ة ۫ الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۫ , it is emphasized using one of the following ۪س ۬م When اب الق ۪ ۬الاس ۬م َّي ۫ة ال ۫م ۪ثـبـ ۪تـ ۫ة ۪ is ج ۪و ۫ three instruments of emphasis ۪۫ ۬ ۬ ۫ الجملة الفعل َّية ۫ Examples Instrument of Emphasis ال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت ۪واللّٓ ۬ه ا ۬۱ نَّك۪ ۫مج ۪ت ۬ه ۨد ١ ا َّ ۬۱ ن being used in the ا َّ ۬۱ ن positive Requires emphasis ال ۪من ۬ف ُّي negative No emphasis required ۪ ٢ لا ۫م ۬الابـت۬د۪ا ۬ء There is no example of اب ۪ج ۪و ۫ ۪س ۬م Qur’an as الق ۪ It is used in the Qur’an but less frequently ٱلض ۪حى ٰ ۪وٱلَّ ۮي ۬ل ا ۪ ۬۱ ذا ۪س ۪جى ٰ . ۪و ُّ ۪ول۪ــ ۮل ّّـ ۬ اخ ۪ر ۫ة ۪خ ۮي ۨر لَّك۪ ۬م ۪ن ٱ ۮلاّْو ۪لى ٰ ﴿الضحى ١: ـ ﴾٤ نسـ ۪ن ل۪ ۬فى ۫خ ۮس ر ﴿العصر ١: ـ ﴾٢ ٣ ا َّ ۬۱ ن ۪واللَّا ۫م ال ۫م ۪زح ۪ل ۪ق ۫ة ۪وال ۪عص ۬ر ا َّ ۬۱

ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 8 (ver. 5) 6 Classification of Verbs – Example )۪د۪ #۪و۪(ي G۬اب۪۫ر۫ دۨيز۬م۪ ي G۬اب۪ر۫ ۨدۨر S ۪م۫ ي ۬ ۬ال۪۫ ۫ دۨي۬ز۬م۪ ل۫ È۫ف۪ي۪ ل۪ È۪۪ف۪