ISO 10360

ISO 10360Acceptance and re-verification tests forCoordinate Measuring Machinesa brief introduction

ISO 10360Acceptance and re-verification Tests forCoordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs)Consisting of:ISO 10360-1 (2000):Vocabulary (1)ISO 10360-2 (2001):CMMs used for measuring sizeISO 10360-3 (2000):CMMs with the axis of a rotary table asthe fourth axisISO 10360-4 (2000):CMMs used in scanning measuringmodeISO 10360-5 (2000):CMMs using multiple-stylus probingsystemISO 10360-6 (1999):Estimation of errors in computingGaussian associated features (1)(1)Not dealt with in this introductionA brief introductionSince 1994 the ISO 10360 »Acceptanceand re-verification Tests for CoordinateMeasuring Machines« is in force. Thisstandard describes the procedures toverify the performance of CoordinateMeasuring Machines (CMMs).Before purchasing a CMM, it is important to get familiar with the basics ofthis standard. The following pages areintended as a guide through the ISO10360. Some terms and definitionshave been simplified for a more easyunderstanding.Although the ISO 10360 is an international accepted standard, there are stillCMM makers who specify their CMMsaccording to other outdated nationalstandards, such as VDI/VDE 2617 (German) or B89 (American).Only if customers insist on specifications based on ISO 10360, they cancompare the performance of CMMsmade by different manufacturers.The original ISO standards can be obtained for example through publishinghouse Beuth at www.beuth.de.

ISO 10360-2 CMMs used for measuring sizeVolumetric Length Measuring Error EVolumetric Probing Error P(Form Error of the CMM)Test procedure A set of 5 length gauges is measured3 times in 7 spatial positions. A reference sphere is measured with25 evenly distributed points. Total number of measurements:5 x 3 x 7 105. P (Rmax - Rmin Sphere form) Form error of the CMM 100% of results must be within thespecification.General remark:The ISO 10360 also uses the terms MPEE, MPEP, MPETHP etc.MPE stand for „Maximum Permitted Error“. In CMM metrology the specificationsare colloquially referred to as just E, P, THP etc.

ISO 10360-2 Where do E and P apply?Volumetric Length Measuring Error Edescribes the CMM error whenmeasuring Distances Diameters Position ToleranceVolumetric Probing Error Pdescribes the CMM error at all forminspections Free Form Tolerances Straightness Flatness Roundness Cylindricityin single point modus.

ISO 10360-3 CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as the fourth axisRotary table Errors are:Radial Error FR - Tangential Error FT - Axial Error FATest procedure1. Fix spheres A and B on RT.(recom.: h 400, r 200mm).(1) . Measure sphere B and set centerpoint to zero (0,0,0).3. Measure sphere A in 14 positons:7 positions from 0 to 720 7 positions from 720 to 0.6. Rotary table error - RadialFR Max. range in X (A or B)Rotary table error - TangentialFT Max. range in Y (A or B)Rotary table error - AxialFA Max. range in Z (A or B)4. Measure sphere B in 14 positions:7 from 0 to 720 7 from 720 to 0 At the last position (28) measuresphere A one more time5. Calculate range of X, Y and Z forA and B.The errors of a rotary table generally increasewith h, radius r and table load.(1)

ISO 10360-3 CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as fourth axisEvaluation of a rotary table test according to ISO 10360-3PositionNo.0AngleMeasured Coordinates forTest sphere ATest sphere 8-0.00140.00120.0009-398.22 3.2µm3.83.52.5Rotary Table ErrorTest result:Rotary table error in radial directionFR 3.8µmRotary table error in tangential directionFT 3.8µmRotary table error in axial directionFA 3.2µmMarked withare the maximum deviations.Remark: Rotary table errors are always specified for „Rotary table and CMM“. The same rotary tableused on different types of CMMs will have different specifications.

ISO 10360-4 CMMs used in scanning measuring modeScanning Probing Error THPTest procedure A reference sphere, Ø 25 mm, isscanned at 4 defined lines. THP is the range of all radii (spereform, i.e. Form Error of the CMM inscanning mode).2314Important:The scanning measuring error dependson the scanning speed. Therefore theCMM maker has to specifiy the THPvalue with the corresponding totalmeasuring time, for example THP 1.5µm at t 45 sec.Where does THP apply?THP defines the measuring error of theCMM for Form Measurements: Straightness Flatness Roundness Cylindricity Free Form Toleranceswhen the CMM is used in scanningmode.Note: THP means „scanning on a Predefinedpath, collecting a High density of points“. TheISO 10360-4 describes also test proceduresfor TLP, THN and TLN. But they are usually notspecified in CMM metrology.

ISO 10360-5 CMMs using multiple-stylus probing systemMultiple Stylus Errors of Location, Size and FormFixed probing systemTest procedureQualify 5 orthogonal styli of length L.Articulating probing systemQualify 1 stylus (length 20 mm) withextension LE in 5 orthogonal positions.A high precision reference sphere is measured with each stylus resp. with eachqualified position. Every sphere measurement takes 25 probings, total number ofprobings is 5 x 25 125.Evaluations(1):Multiple Stylus Location ErrorML resp. AL Max. Range of the 5 centre coordinates in X, Y or Z.Multiple Stylus Size ErrorMS resp. AS Deviation from the calibrated diameter (all 125 points).Multiple Stylus Form ErrorMF resp. AF Form error of the calculated sphere (all 125 points).(1)„A“ stands for „articulating probe system“„M“ stands for „fixed probe system“

ISO 10360-5 CMMs using multiple-stylus probing systemMultiple Stylus Errors of Location, Size and Form: EvaluationsMultiple Stylus Size Error AS / MS (1)over 125 points from 5 different styli (fixed head) or5 different orientations (articulatinghead).Multiple Stylus Form Error AF / MF (1)over 125 pointsfrom 5 different styli (fixed head) or5 different orientations (articulatinghead).Multiple Stylus Location Error AL / ML (1)Biggest axial distance in X, Y or Zbetween the 5 measured center points.„A“ stands for „articulating probe system“„M“ stands for „fixed probe system“(1)

ISO 10360-5 Where do AL, AS and AF apply?Multi Stylus Probing Errorsfor CMMs with articulating probe systemAL (Location),AS (Size) andAF (Form)have to be considered, if for a measurement of a feature the probe system has tobe articulated.Example:CMM specs:E 2.4 L / 300; P 2.8µmAL 4.8µm; AS 1.9µmAF 8.6µmMeasuring feature:Distance 500 0.030Max. CMM measuring error for thisfeature: AL E 4.8 2.4 500 / 300 4.8 2.4 1.7 8.9µm10

ISO 10360-5 Where do ML, MS and MF apply?Multi Stylus Probing Errorsfor CMMs with a fixed probe systemML (Location),MS (Size) andMF (Form)have to be considered, if for a measurement of a feature more than 1 stylus isused.Example:CMM specs:E 0.9 L / 600; P 0.9µmML 1.9µm; MS 0.5µmMF 3.0µmMax. CMM measuring error for thisfeature: ML E 1.9 0.9 500 / 600 1.9 0.9 0.8 3.6µmMax. CMM measuring error for thisfeature: E 0.9 500 / 600 0.9 0.8 1.7µmMeasured feature:Distance 500 0.030In this case the multiple styli error MLhas to be considered.11

Attention should also be paid to the following restrictions1. StyliFor which styli are the stated measuringerrors valid?For information on that please checkthe fine print in the data sheets.Regarding this important subject thereCMM maker A:are big differences between thevarious CMM makers. For example thespecification for the length measuringerror E is given by 3 different CMMmakers for the following styli:CMM maker B:CMM maker C:scale 1 : 3Attention:If the data sheet does not clearly specify, for which styli length and diameter the stated measuringerrors are valid check with the manufacturer.2. Environment, throughput and part materialWhen evaluating the measuring errors of a CMM, it is also important to know: For which temperature range and temperature gradients are the stated specifications valid? For which machine dynamics (probing frequency, acceleration and movingspeed) are the stated specifications valid? For which part material are the stated specifications valid?For steel (coefficient of expansion 11.5µm/m/K) or only for Invar/Zerodur (coefficient of expansion close to 0µm/m/K)12

Ratio of CMM measuring error to toleranceCMM Capability ChartsThis chart is used to determine which CMM specification E is required in order tomeasure a distance or a diameter with a given tolerance.ToleranceDistance or diameter [mm][mm]50100200 0.0030.3 L / 1000 0.005 0.007400600100020000.5 L / 9000.4 L / 10000.3 L / 10000.7 L / 7000.5 L / 5000.5 L / 10000.3 L / 1000 0.0100.9 L / 4000.8 L / 5000.6 L / 5000.5 L / 8000.4 L / 1000 0.0151.3 L / 3001.2  L / 3500.9 L / 3500.7 L / 5000.6 L / 8000.4 L / 900 0.0201.8 L / 2001.6 L / 2501.3 L / 3000.9 L / 3500.8 L / 5000.6 L / 700 0.0302.8 L / 2002.6 L / 2502.2  L / 2501.7 L / 3001.5 L / 4001.0 L / 500 0.0504.7 L / 1504.3 L / 1504.0 L / 2003.0 L / 2002.6 L / 4001.7 L / 3001.0 L / 500 0.0706.5 L / 1006.0 L / 1005.7 L / 1505.0 L / 2004.0 L / 2002.0 L / 2002.0 L / 400 0.1009.5 L / 1009.0 L / 1008.0 L / 1006.0 L / 1006.0 L / 1505.0 L / 2004.4 L / 350Example: A diameter of 400 mm has a tolerance of 0.010 mm.For the inspection of this feature a CMM with a length measuring error ofE 0.5 L / 800 [µm] or better is required.CMM Capability AnalysisBy entering all critical features in the Excel chart below, the ratio of CMM error totolerance for all features can be easily determinedCMM typeLeitz Reference 15.9.7Measuring error according to ISO 10360-2E No.featurenom. valueupper tol.[mm][mm]1diameter80.010lower tol.[mm]-0.0100.9 L / 400 [µm]CMM error% of the[mm]tolerance 0.00099%ratio1 : 10.92distance9850.015-0.015 0.003422 %1 : 4.53distance380.010-0.010 0.001010 %1 : 10.14diameter3200.010-0.010 0.001717 %1 : 5.95diameter3360.020-0.020 0.00179%1 : 11.56diameter860.000-0.024 0.00119%1 : 10.87distance1680.0250.000 0.001311 %1 : 9.58distance700.012-0.012 0.00119%1 : 11.213

Example: Test report according to ISO 10360-2Volumetric length measuring error E14

Example: Test report according to ISO 10360-4Volumetric scanning probing error THP15

LeitzThe Leitz brand as part of Hexagon Metrology standsfor high accuracy coodinate measuring machines,gear inspection centers and probes. Leitz measurement systems master quality assurance tasks equallywell both in metrology labs as well as on the shopfloor. The development and production are locatedin Wetzlar, Germany. For more than 30 years Leitzhas been offering its customers the best innovativemeasurement technology available. The primary goalremains offering modern solutions for demandingmeasurement tasks.Hexagon MetrologyHexagon Metrology is a part of the Hexagon groupand brings leading brands from the field of industrialmetrology under one roof.Hexagon Metrology GmbHLeitz DivisionSiegmund-Hiepe-Str. 2-1235578 WetzlarGermanyE-mail contact.leitz@hexagonmetrology.comTel 06441 207 0Fax 06441 207 M42-510-004-231 2010 Hexagon Metrology GmbHAll rights reserved.Printed in Germany, February 201016

Although the ISO 10360 is an internati-onal accepted standard, there are still CMM makers who specify their CMMs according to other outdated national standards, such as VDI/VDE 617 (Ger-man) or B89 (American). Only if customers insist on specifica-tions based on ISO 10360, they can compare the performance of CMMs made by different manufacturers.