Aviation Alternate Fuels Roadmap Level 1 / Scenario1
Aviation Alternate Fuels RoadmapLevel 1 / Scenario 1Category200520072015201020502030Market DriversEnvironmental,Political,ResourcesConcerns about Global Warming dictates addressing worldwide carbon dioxide emissionsSecurity of crude oil questionedWorld crude oil production reaches its peakAnticipatedFuel PriceAvailability (%Demand Filled)AlternativeFuel Products(VolumeAnticipated /Required)2006 “base” price/gallon with continued volatilitySASOL JetFuelShell BintuluGTLQatar GTLSyntroleumJet fuel in BB‐5252Nigeria GTLQatar GTLProductionBoeing/Airline US CTLHRJ FlightsProduction* Fuels produced from seeds and other organic sources such as Soybean Methyl EsterUS anol forground useBio‐jet Celluloseethanol forf lfuelapproved ground useResurgencein NuclearPowerIndustrialSolarEnergyStart ofHydrogenEconomyFutureEnergySourceOcean Bio‐fuelFactories2007
Aviation Alternate Fuels RoadmapLevel 2 / Scenario 1 ‐ Longg Term2005CategoryAlternativeFuel Products2007SASOL JetFuelQatar GTLShell BintuluGTLSyntroleumJet Fuel in B‐52CTL EconomicsEi –Scully FinancialEconomics& BusinessBoeing/Virging/ gQatar GTLTestProduction2015 20202010USCoalCTLBio‐jet ChinaCoalfuelapproved GTLBio‐butanolfor gySourceStart ofHydrogenEconomyCelluloseUS CTLUS CTLResurgence inethanol forProduction BiomassNuclear PowergrounduseInitial Airline MOUCo‐firedwith Rentech andAltair DOE Step Gain in Ten alternative jet 50% USAF Syn fuel useUSDA regionalilCO2 SequestrationSt tif l productionfueld tiCarbon Neutral Growth Targetstudy proposalsEfficiency projects in placesubmittedNigeria GTLOcean Bio‐fuelFactories70% USAF Domestic CTL200M Gals F/T Prod 600K gal HRJ ACRP 02‐ Two alternative jet ACRP 02‐07procurement 18 Siting fuel productionHandbook workSourcing (2025)Study projects in placestartsASTM Spec by DoDSASOL FSJF ASTM D7566 Spec ASTM Spec ASTM Spec CRJ xx%ASTMHRJ xx%Generic FTCarbon Neutral Growth TargetGeneric FT Blend BlendApp’dFuelFuture Aircraft forAdvanced FuelCertificationASTM Spec forSASOL SSJFB‐52 emissionsEnvironmentalPRJ xx% ASTM App’dMIL‐HNDBK‐510USAF App’lFRJ xx% ASTM App’dGenericFTFuelImpactsCarbon Neutral Growth TargetBio‐fuel assessment OperationalNew bio‐fuelEmissionsassessment Coal to impactsAdv bio fuel emissionsliquidsTestAdvanced AviationFuel SpecScopingstudyF‐T Fuel Carbon Low emissionsJet fuelBio‐fuel certifiedHBR TFBenefits spec revis SequesterHigh energy deoxygenatedemissions assessmentbio‐jet fuel from e ships burnGeneric mat.derived tests done fuelbiofuel in turbines Lab tested Compat listCarbon Neutral Growth TargetJP‐8approvedTar SandsOnlineR&DB‐52 syn‐fuelflight testSynthetic biologyBoeing/Airline F‐T andBiofueljet fuels developedHRJ FlightsTestedbiojetblendF/T swell lubricitytests doneissues solvedAdvancedaviationfuel dev12/22/2009
Level 3 Certification and 200920082010201120122013Planning & CoordinationASTMWarsawASTMSyn FuelTFASTMTampaASTMNorfolkCAAFI CRC &CAAFIR&DCQASTMAnaheimASTMCAAFI CAAFI CRC &Annual R&D CAAFIMtgCQASTMCAAFIAnnualMtgASTMCRC &CAAFICQASTMCAAFIAnnualMtgASTMASTMASTM ASTMCRC & CAAFI CRC & CAAFICAAFI Annual CAAFI AnnualCQMtgCQMtgGuidance & ProceduresMILHNDBK-510ASTM D4054BallotedSAE CAAFI FAA Adv Circ IATA Rpton AltPaperInitial DraftFuelsASTM D4054ApprovedFAA Adv CircFAA ReviewFAA Adv CircPublic CmntFAA AdvCircIssued05/09
Level 3 Certification and Qualification2007200820092010DRAFT201120122013FRL 6 Full Scale Technical EvaluationCatalytic RenewableJet (CRJ)FRL 6.1 FFP TestingPyrolytic RenewableJet (PRJ)FermentedRenewable Jet (FRJ)HRJFRLs 6.2 & 6.3 Turbine Hot Section & Component/Rig TestingCRJFRJPRJFRL 6.4 Engine/APU TestingCRJFRJPRJFRL 7 Fuel Class Listed in Specification50/50 FT iin JP8MIL SpecSasol FSJFUK AFC App’lASTM D7566 AppApp’ddBy Av Fuel SubcomHRJ ResearchRptGeneric Sasol FSJF ASTM D7566 App’d50/50 FT ASTM App’l By D.02 ComResearchpRptGeneric FT Blend USAFFleet CertificationHRJ 50%Blend App’din DXXXXGeneric 100%FT Fuel ASTMApp’dFRJ ResearchRptHRJ 100%Approved05/09
Level 3 Research and Development (1 of alicorniaanalysisNRDC StudyCyanobacteriastudyORNL BilliBillionTon studyEuphorbiaprototypeplotslSeptp 5,, 200820142015Oil Seed PlantsSeashoremallow analysisDOE Algae lotsCost of algae studyAlgae Light &demo CO2plants levelstudyHeavy metalremoval �bacteriastudyResultsfromDARPAprojectCellulose to biojetflight demo(via synthetic biology)Revise EISA to include biomass e scale “regionalOptimizedharvesting castor plot solution”l ti ” ffarmsprototypeMasdar developed9K gal ofHalophyteHalophytessalicornia oil Prod 011USDATerra PretaUSDADOE’stest plot forfeedstock feedstockCBTLCBTLroadmap rankings &studyR&D plandone*LCAs of biofuels are included in the Environmental team’s roadmapLarge scaleHalophyte farmsdeveloped8M tonssalicorniaoil (2019)GMOHalophytep ytest plotAlgaeUSDAalgaefundingreportNew algaeT h readyTechsdCyanobacteria Large scale algae Cyanobacteriaplant developedScaled demo plantsGMO developedalgaeCellulosicCellulosic Ethanolbecomes costcompetitiveGMO plants for sugarCellulose to biojet Large scaleCellulose/ sugar/ldemo plantalgaeprototypecellulose farms(via pyrolysis)demoOtherDOE’s USDA advancedCBTL & biofuel summaryalgaedemosdone10/22/2009 Done In work5 Not Funded
Level 3 Research and Development (2 of 6)Planning, Protocol, and Performance20092008CategoryBiomassSummitAlphaBird tockMeeting Action 6)2010CAAFIWork‐shopp(10.10)2012 2013 2014 2015 20162011USDAActive,AFRLBiomass Compr’ve FeedstockFeas. Integrated Rankings & CAAFIStudyy Roadmap R&D Plan Workshop(10.15)(10.16)(10.11) ary(10.19)R&D PlanningActivitiesR&DR&D AFCO BiofuelDoE Algae USDASustainable Alt. CAAFIWorkshopdFeedstockkCert. RoadmapFuel RoadmapWorkshop Work‐(10.14)shopRoadmap (10.9) Roadmap(DRAFT) (10.2) (10.4)(10.12)(10.7)(Draft)Cert. ProcessDev. 510‐3 (1.7)(10.8)Alt Av Gas SpecCert. Process Dev.(1.8)D4054 (1.6)CertificationProtocolDevelopmentAF combustionCert. Process"rules and tools"Dev. 510‐2 pgm begins (1.1)(1.5)Effort to Codify AF “Rule & Tools”ContaminantReleased (1.4)levels forAFRL BiomassDXXXX (1.2)Feas. Study (7.4)Swift Turbine FuelTesting (7.2)(7 )See Also CAAFI Certification RoadmapPerformanceStudiesRentech NG F‐Tevaluation beg.(7.1)CompletedResultTargetFunded Plans(Public/Private)Syntroleum R‐8HRJ evaluationcompleted (7.3)Unfunded NeedsVision10/22/20096
Level 3 Research and Development (3 of 6)Fuel Property Testing20092008CategorySwift TurbineResearchFuelReport 50% FormulationHRJ (5.8) Studies (5.10)2012 2013 2014 2015 201620112010Chemical KineticsMechanismDevelopment forCombustion of F‐TFuels (5.12)Fuel Thermal StabilityStudies for newalternative fuels(5.18)Fuel PropertyTestingSee Also CAAFI Certification RoadmapShell in situShale keroevaluation (5.1)Basic FuelProp. (5.2)Swift TurbineFuel Materialscompatibility(5.7)HRJSpec. Fit‐for‐Purpose HRJ Fuel ExtendedProp. (5.6)Prop.AwardProp.(5.4)(5.25)(5.11)Fuel PropertyTesting (Military)Eval. ofMatCompat.Cand. 1(5.13)FRJ(5.32)Eval. ofMat.Ground Fuel Sys.Compat.FireComp’nts Cand. 2Protect(5.17)(5.16)(5.15)PRJCRJ(5.33) (5.34)Eval. of FuelTox. Cand. 2(5.23)Survivability/ Infra‐Vulnerability structure(5.19)(5.20)From AFRL/AFCO Combined Roadmap ‐ BioJet Certification ‐ Being UpdatedGov’t Fuel Gov’t FuelBuy 1 (5.3) Buy 2 (5.5)CompletedResultFuel ThermalStability Studies foravailable Biofuels(5.14)Fuel ThermalStabilityStudies for 3 F‐T (5.9)TargetFunded Plans(Public/Private)FFP Report HRJ DeliveryHRJHRJ 50/50 #1 & #2 (5.26, Delivery #3(5.30)5.27)(5.28)Unfunded NeedsVisionEval. of FuelHRJ FFP ReportTox.Cand. 1Delivery #4100% Synth(5.21)(5.31)(5.29)HRJ SE&V(5.22)10/22/20097
Level 3 Research and Development (4 of 6)Component and Engine Testing20092008Category2012 2013 2014 2015 201620112010Testing ofTesting of Testing of F‐Biofuel F‐T and Indiana F‐BiofuelT and BioF‐T andComb Rig APU & Biofuels 16 StudyyfuelsBio fuelsTest (2.8) Eng Test Concept 1 (2.11)Concept 2 Concept 3(2.9)(2.10)(2.24)(2.20)Evaluation ofBiofuelsUsing NASADC‐8 (2.29)Component &Engine TestingFRJCRJPRJComponent Component ComponentRig (2.36)Rig (2.37)Rig (2.38)See Also CAAFI Certification RoadmapSwift FuelEng Testing Eval. of 2 F‐ SwiftT Fuels Fuel Eng(2.11 andUsing NASA Testing2.12)DC‐8 (2.15) (2.16)F‐15 F‐TFuel EngTest (2.2)F‐22 F‐TEng Test(2.4)FF‐1818BiofuelEngineHRJ Compn’t(2.35)Tests (2.7)Component &Engine Testing(Military)HRJSmallF404 EngineCanada Demo(2.32) (2.17)HRJ Cand.Fuel 1 A/BEng. Test(2.23)Cand. Fuel 2A/B Eng. Test(2.28)FRJ Eng/APU(2.39)CRJPRJEng/APU Eng/APU2.40)((2.41)Alt Av Gas pumptest (2.42)CanadaHigh AltAll USAF Sys HRJ Cand. 2100% F‐T/F‐TAPU Tests100%Ethanol Certification((2.26)(2.34)2.25)P&WCanada BioBlend(2.33)From AFRL/AFCO Combined Roadmap ‐ BioJet Certification ‐ Being UpdatedF‐T etedResultTargetF‐16 F‐TEng Test(2.6)Funded Plans(Public/Private)HRJ HRJ Cand. 1 Comngld.F‐35 F‐TAPU Test (FT/Bio)Eng Test Comngld. (2.22)A/B APU(FT/Bio)A/B(2.18)(2.27)Eng.g ((2.19))Unfunded NeedsVision10/22/20098
Level 3 Research and Development (5 of 6)Flight Testing20092008Category201120102012 2013 2014 2015 2016747 FlightANZ 50%Qatar GTL Airbus 50%gHRJ Jathropa737 FlightCommComm.Synth FuelSynth.CAL 50% Flight (4.36) Flight Test(4.15)HRJ (4.16)(4.37)Airbus380 GTLflight (4.4)Flight TestingAlt Av Gas(4.39)747 FlightVAA 20%FAME (4.3)747 Flight JAL 50%HRJ Camelina(4.17)F‐15 F‐T Fuelg (4.6)( )FlightB‐1 F‐TFuelFlight(4.5)C‐17 F‐T KC‐135 F‐TFuelCert.Flight Complete(4.7)(4.13)T‐38 F‐T A‐10 F‐ B‐2 F‐T T‐6 F‐ HH‐60TFuel T Flight FuelF‐TFlight (4.18) Flight Flight Flight(4.21) (4.22) (4.19)(4.12)Flightl h Testing(Military)F‐18Eval. OfBiofuel PathfinderFlight A/C Cand.1(4.38)(4.29)Eval. OfPathfinder A/CCand. 2 (4.31)Bio & FT‐BioHigh Alt.Flights (4.33)From AFRL/AFCO Combined Roadmap ‐ BioJet Certification – Being UpdatedKC‐135 F‐TFuel Flight(4.8)RQ‐4 FlightF‐22 F‐T C‐5 and C‐130 F‐ CV‐22 F‐TFlight(4.35)Fuel FlightT Fuel Flight (4.23)Test (4.9)(4.14)CompletedResultTargetFunded Plans(Public/Private)F‐35 F‐TFlight(4.24)Unfunded NeedsVisionBio & FT‐BioFighterFlights (4.32)Bio & FT‐BioFighter FSE(4.34)10/22/20099
Level 3 Research and Development (6 of 6)Production Studies and R&D20092008CategoryDARPA AlgalBiofuel Kick‐Off ((9.1))Study – Req. DARPA AlgalUPM BTLBiomass & Biofuel PhaseProd. Quantities I CompletePlant FinalMasdarNRDC(9.2)Tech’s (9.7) (9.4)HalophyteAlgaeDOE CBTL Study (9.5)Alt. Biomass ProcessesAlt Av Gas Prod(9.9)BioOilCellulosic StudyPyrolysis(9 6)(9.6)DARPA AlgalBio Aromatic Blend ProcessAlt. BiomassBiofuel Phase IDARPA Algal Stock (8.18) Demo(8.19)ProcessesComplete (8.6)NaphthenicDOE CBTL R&D Biofuel Kick‐OffCellulosic(8.2)drop‐in HRJ ‐Awards (8.10)(8.11‐8.14)Pilot demo(8.4)Production R&DDARPA AlgalBiofuel PhaseII Complete(9.3)Prod Study(9.8)Study(9.10)ProductionStudies2012 2013 2014 2015 201620112010F‐T ReactorStudies andCatalystDevelopment(8.7)DoE Cellulosic EthanolDemo (8.16)DARPA AlgalBiofuel PhaseII Complete(8.9)Basic Eng Package forCommercial HRJ PlantNaphthenic drop‐in HRJAromatics for Green Jet fromNaphthenic drop‐(8.3)– subscale (8.8)ligno‐cellulosic pyrolysis oil pilotF‐T Reactor Baselinein HRJ – PoC (8.1)with wood, corn stover (8.15)Studies (8.5)Commission and Start‐CRC Aviation fuelsMIT/RAND UNEP BiofuelAssessmentAromatic fraction for Green JetConstruction of up of Renewable OilAlt Jet Feasmeeting (6.4)Refineryy (6.7)( )(6.11)(6)from lignocellulosic pyrolysis(6 12)(6.12)Renewable OilLCA Conferenceoil commercial (6.8)Refinery(6.6)(6.2)OtherCRC Aviation FuelsMeet’gg (6.1)Meet(6 1)CompletedResultTargetCompleted Design forOMEGA‐Aviationrenewable Oil(6 3)(6.3)Refinery (6.5)Funded Plans(Public/Private)Unfunded NeedsVisionFRL Paper toICAO (6.10)See Also CAAFI Business RoadmapSee Also CAAFI Environment Roadmap01/10/1010
Level 3 Environment(1 of 2)PlannedDesiredCategory2005200720112009NASA/ NASAIndustry Industry IndustrySASOL FT Blend Biojet RigRig Test Rig Tests TestComm.Engine TestFuel 220152013Comm.Engine TestFuel 3Comm.Engine TestFuel 4Quantify LTOemissionsC130 B-52Test TestFlightAFFTEngine Comm.CommTest 2 EngineFAAParametricStudiesAltitude Test- if warrantedQuantifyQantif AltitudeAltit deemissionsImpactanalysesComm.Equip smentmilitary GHE with of benefits ofFT fuelssingle fuelImpactanalysesFuel 2Comm.Equip testFuel 2ImpactanalysesFuel 3Comm.Equip testFuel 3ImpactanalysesFuel 4Comm.Equip testFuel 4Fuels 2, 3, 4 etc. could be CTL, GTL, BTL via FT, other bio, etc. as defined by whatfuel producers are likely to drive to10/24/08
Level 3 Environment(2 of 2)2005Category2007If warrantedheavy Test Fuel 220152013Test Fuel 3Test Fuel 4Toxicology impactsAFTestsHeavy sessmentFuel 2In-depthassessmentFuel 3In-depthassessmentFuel 4Net environ.impactsSASOLOperationalplant dataReviewFAAChineseOther US ScopingOperationalandStudyplant datainternationa Air Canada H2 fuel celll dataGSEUSOperationalplant dataCompare ionalAssessmentFuel 2OperationalAssessmentFuel 3Fuels 2, 3, 4 etc. could be CTL, GTL, BTL via FT, other bio, etc. as defined by whatfuel producers are likely to drive toOperationalAssessmentFuel 410/24/08
Aviation Alternate Fuels Roadmap Level 2 / Scenario 1 ‐Long Term Category 2005 2007 2010 2015 2030 2050 SASOL Jet fuel China Coal gy Bio‐butanol forground Future Energy Industrial Solar StartBio of Boeing/Virgin Hydrogen US ‐jet Qatar GTL Coal 2020 Alternative Fuel Products DOE Step Gain in CO2Stti Fuel Qatar GTL Syntroleum
Goldman's EA IMT OSC2 Terry Walter Alternate FS -WI OSC2 Steve Cameron Alternate State - MI OSC2 Randy McKenzie Alternate FS - MI OSC2 Steve Miller -P Alternate FS-WI OCS2 Richard Schenk - P Alternate State - CT OSC2 Jim Edgar - P Alternate State - MN OSC2 Roger Goldman - P Alternate FS - IN Team Trainees:
Fuels that are found and obtained from nature are natural fuels. E.g: Coal, petroleum etc. Fuels that are prepared artificially from primary fuels are secondary or artificial fuels. Eg: Kerosene, producer gas etc. On the basis of physical state, fuels are classified as solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. 2. Characteristics of a good fuel 1.
Sustainable Aviation Fuels Aviation Kerosene Jet-A1 Aviation Gasoline AvGas Natural Gas Liquified Hydrogen . Catalytic hydrothermolysis jet fuel (CHJ), a type of synthetic kerosene 50% . (IATA/ICAO) Roadmap Jet market 2019 (Actual) Jet market 2050 (Projected) .
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maintenance operations, air traffic control agencies, aviation financial companies, aviation-related manufacturers and suppliers (aircraft, engines, fuels, and components), and local, state and federal aviation agencies. 1.2. Mission The mission of the graduate program in Aviation and Aerospace Management is
SA Working to Deliver Sustainable Fuels 2013/14 –SA Developing new Sustainable Aviation Fuels Road-Map On-going –British Airways and Virgin proof of concept sustainable fuel projects Messaging to Governments to level playing field with ground transport fuels
SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) a.k.a. aviation biofuel, biojet, alternative aviation fuel. Aviation Fuel: Maintains the certification basis of today’s aircraft and jet (gas turbine) engines by delivering the properties of ASTM D1655 – Aviation Turbine Fuel – enables drop-in approach – no changes to infrastructure or equipment,
Article 505. Class I, Zone 0, 1, and 2 Locations Figure 500–2. Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc. www.MikeHolt.com 888.NEC.CODE (632.2633) 25 Hazardous (Classified) Locations 500.4 500.4 General (A) Classification Documentation. All hazardous (classified) locations must be properly documented. The documentation must be available to those who are authorized to design, install, inspect .
