‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir Of The Holy .
Journal of Religion and TheologyVolume 3, Issue 2, 2019, PP 34-56ISSN 2637-5907‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir of the HolyQur’anDr. Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood*Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh*Corresponding Author: Dr. Abu Nasar Mohammad Abdul Mabood, Associate Professor,Department of Islamic Studies University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh,Email: mabood72cu@gmail.comABSTRACT„Abdul Majid Daryabadi was a famous writer, critic, Islamic scholar, researcher, journalist, and man ofletters, man of high moral values, Islamic philosopher and mufassir of the Holy Qur‟an in Indiansubcontinent in 20th century. He worked for the betterment of the Muslim nation. Throughout his academiccareer he edited the Urdu weekly Sidq-e-Jaded”, which was acclaimed in the Indo-Pak subcontinent for itsinspiring message and stylistic features. He continued to edit the journal until his death. He had a uniquestyle of writing which was expressive and tinged with humor and sarcasm. In 1967, he got the ArabicScholar Award from the Government of India. In 1975, the Aligarh Muslim University awarded him aDoctorate in Literature. He died in January 1977. His life and works, especially his contribution to the studyof Tafsir enriched our knowledge, developed our ideas and intellectual thoughts. He had a good friendshipwith devout Muslims like Akbar Allahabadi, Maulana Muhammad Ali, Maulana Syed Hossain AhmadMadani and Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi. Maulana Daryabadi was influenced by Maulana Ashraf AliThanwi to write a Tafsir and then he wrote a famous Tafsir in English first then in Urdu named Tafsir‟ulQura‟nil Hakim. In his Tafsir, he quoted from Bible and other religious books compared and establishedIslam as the best of all. He also quoted in his Tafsir from other famous and recognized Arabic Tafsirs anddiscussed in the light of modern concept. It had been written during the Second World War as great asothers in that time and he became a charismatic mufassir of the Holy Qur‟an.Keywords: Life and Family, His Education, Prolific writer; Views and Thoughts, Works and Contribution,A Charismatic Mufassir of the Holy Qur‟an, the Evaluation of his Methodology.INTRODUCTIONThe Qur‟an introduces itself as a guidance,which encourages man to realize the nature ofhis existence. The man who would reflect uponAllah‟s guidance should therefore have athorough understanding of the Qur‟an. TheQur‟an needed interpretation, even while it wasbeing revealed. The effort of interpreting themeaning of this guidance according to man‟sability is called tafsir. As recorded in manyaccounts, the style of Qur‟an commentary istraceable as far back as the first generation ofMuslims. 1 After the Prophet Muhammad ( )himself, Ibn „Abbas ( ّا ٕٙ هللا ع ٝ )سض was the mostprominent Qur‟an interpreter among theProphet‟s Companions,2 his exegesis was1Rippin, Andrew, “Studying Early Tafsir Text”, DerIslam, Vol. 72 (1995), no. 2, 310-23.2There are a number of narratives transmitted on theauthority of Ibn „Abbas. Many reports quoted intafsir books are attributed to him. Some tafsir booksJournal of Religion and Theology V3 I2 2019marked by a close attention to certainexpressions of the Qur‟an and the occasions onwhich the Qur‟an was revealed. It contains anunlimited possibility of meanings. Theimpression that it has upon our thoughts standsat the level of absolute existence. Therefore, itsverses are always open to new interpretation; itcan never be restricted to a single interpretation.The variety of possible interpretations of theQur‟anic verses shows the need for a similarvariety of approaches. Qur‟anic exegetes formedschools and formulated principles of exegesisand methods of interpretation, which oftenreflected the socio-political environment andwritten in the formative and classical periods are alsoattributed to this scholar. Al-Firuzabadi, Muhammadb. Ya„qub, (d. 817/1414), Tanwir al-Miqyas minTafsir Ibn „Abbas (Cairo: Dar al-Ma„rifah, 1951);and al-Hashimi, „Ali b. Abi Talhah (d. 94/713),Sahifat „Ali b. abi T}alhah „an Ibn „Abbas fi Tafsiral-Qur‟an al-Karim, 2nd ed., ed. Rashid „Abd alMun„im al-Rajjal (Beirut: Dar al-Jayl, 1994).34
‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir of the Holy Qur’ancomparison the religious thoughts of their eras.3At first, the study of the Qur‟an involved thestudy of the text itself, focusing on its readingsand the traditions that explained it. Later, thiswas extended to commentary on the Qur‟anoriginally meant to give Muslims Qur‟anicanswers to their daily problems. When Muslimsencountered other civilizations, the status of theQur‟an was included. Toward the end of the lastsecond century hijri, the study of theauthenticity of the Qur‟an and of its miraculousnature (i„jaz al-Qur‟an) developed mainly toestablish the validity of Muhammad‟s ( )Prophet Hood. It was Developed hand-in-handwith prophetic traditions, this process continueduntil it was developed into an independent genrewith the appearance of the extensive tafsir ofIbn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 224/838-9). Subsequently,a great number of works on the Qur‟an started toflourish in the classical period, such as those ofal-Zamakhshari (d. 538/1144), al-Tabarsi (d.548/1153), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d.606/1209),al-Qashani (d. 729/1330), Ibn Kathir (d.774/1373), and al-Baydawi (d. 791/1389). Inthis subcontinent, as one of the greatcommentators and theologians of modern periodwhose thought is still influential, „Abdul MajidDaryabadi has long been an object of scholarlystudies.Until recently, there has been a growing interestamong scholars in the study of his exegeticaland theological thoughts. This interest has led tohis contribution to the study of tafsir that meanshis exegetical methodology. This paper willfocus on his methodology in his interpretation ofthe Qur‟an and compared to other aspects ofDaryabadi‟s thoughts and his diversity ofthoughts. Daryabadi‟s methodology in interpretingthe Qur‟an has distinctive characteristics, as headopted a rational approach and explanation.LIFE AND FAMILY„Abdul Majid Daryabadi,known and more famousDaryabad. Therefore, he„Daryabadi‟ in relation3He is being wellby his birthplacehas been calledto his birthplaceAccording to Wilfred Cantwell Smith, everytheologian, jurist, mystic, heretic, nationalist,agitator, philosopher, has tended over the centuries,and across the Muslim world, to incorporate aninterpretation of the Qur‟an or (more usually) ofindividual parts of it into his system: sometimes in adistinctive way, slightly or markedly. He has writtenin his book,” What is Scripture? A Comparative Approach” (Minneapolies: Fortress Press, 1993), p .71.35„Daryabad‟. His father is „AbdulQadir4 (18481912AC) ibn Mufti Mazhar Karim Qudwa‟i5(d.1873AC) Ibn Shaykh Mukhdum Bakhsh,4He was the youngest son of all among five sistersand two brothers. He was born in 1848 AC. He was agovernment official (Deputy Collector) and a lawgraduate, but he did not practice law because oftelling a lie. He was a follower of Sufi Tariqa Silsilai-Qadiria and a very much pious and honest person,devout Muslim, and respected citizen. He had goodcommand in Arabic, Persian and Urdu language, hewas not an institutional Mawlana but he read outmany books in the course to become a Mawlana, sohe is called Mawlana in practicing and dressing up.He learned Islamic knowledge from MawlanaMuhammad Na„yim Farangi Mahalli (He is fromFarangi Mahal, the name of the place of Lucknow; Itis located at Victoria road and chowk. The namecame as the primary owners of this Mahal were fromEurope. During the period of Aurangazeb, someFrench businesspersons came and used to stay at thisMahal. Mr. Niel (French) was the first owner of thisMahal, and it was a good architectural building.Later it was confiscated to the government. Later itwas handed over to the adviser of Aurangazeb MullaAsad bin Qutub Shaheed and his broghter Mulla binQutubuddin Shaheed. These two brothers made thisMahal as the center of Islamic learning. Usually itwas compared with the Cambridge University andOxford University. This Mahal has been a centre oflearning as well as the cultural centre and the learnedand holy men of Farangi Mahall were theconsolidators in India of the rationalist traditions ofIslamic scholarship derived from Iran.). Afterretirement in 1904 he wrote many articles in Islamicsubjects at daily papers and weekly magazines likeUdh Akhbar, Riyad} ul Akhbar and weeklymagazine Mushreq ( ٙ س ٘فر ٚ اض االخثاسا ٠ س س ٚ د٘ اخثاسا ٚ ا ) اس ِششق ٚ. In 1912AC, he went for Haj-i Baitullah(pilgrimage to the House of Allah) with his family.During Haj he suffered from cholera at night at Minaon 14th November‟ 1912 AC. /12th Dhilhaj‟1320AHand brought out on a camel to Macca. Then two dayslater he died there on 16th November‟1912AC/14thDhilhaj‟1320AH in the time of Fajrprayer. He was lucky enough that he buried inJannat-ul-Muwalla of the birth place of ProphetMuHammad ( ) in the leg side of Hadrat AbdurRahman Ibn Abu Bakr ( ّا ٕٙ هللا ع ٝ )سض . It was anaccepted Haj ( س ٚ )زح ِثش , because he could not gettime to commit any sin or illegal activities afterfinishing the compulsory prayer of pilgrimage. Vide,Daryabadi, „Abdul Majid, ‟Ap Biti, (Lucknow:Maktaba Ferdous, Mukaram Nagar, Barulia, Firsted.: 1978), p.32-41; Qasimi, „ATaur RaHman,Mawlana „Abdul Majid Daryabadi: khidmat waAthar, (New Delhi: Shah Waliullah Institute: ractions / firangi-mahal/, accessed on 13/10/2016.5Qad}} i Qidwah’s 10th generation is Shykh MuHammad ’Abkash (d.1472AC/880AH).Journal of Religion and Theology V3 I2 2019
‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir of the Holy Qur’anwas born on 16 March in 1892AC (16Sha„banin 1310AH) 6 at Daryabad,7 a well-Who brought water from a well to the travelers fordrinking and arranged water of ablution for devoutMuslims. In this reason he was called ‟Abkash(water supplyer from well). He was a famous Suf iand spiritual leader and his 11th generation wasMawluwi Mufti Maz}} har Karim Qidwa’I(d.1873AC/1289AH). He was daryabadi‟s actualgrandfather. He was a Mufti in the reign of Shahi andwrote many books. He wrote a famous large book,named Fatwa-e-Mazhariah. It was unprinted but hewas being remembered by it. He was a freedomfighter and Shiristadar of Shahjahanpur court. Hefought against the British rulers in 1857AC. After themovement of 1857AC he signed on a Fatwa-e-Jihadagainst them and arranged a hidden meeting ofinsurgents at his house at Shahjahanpur and he wasarrested and sentenced to life imprisonment by theBritish rulers for issuing a Fatwa-e-Jihad againstthem. He was being punished nine years of exile(transportation beyond the seas) for it. It was theplace of Andaman. He was one of ‘Ulama-e-FarangiMuhalli (wise persons of Farangi Muhal). Two yearsreduction, after 7 years of exile, he has been freed oncondition to translate the famous ArabicGeographical Dictionary; " االطالعً عهً اسًاء "االيكُتيشاصذ written by Safiuddin „Abdul Mu‟min in1865AC. Then, he was freed from a prisonhood andcame back home Daryabad and lived there withdoing prayer, meditation and writing fatwa andtranslating that Arabic dictionary before his death(10thSha„ban, 1289AH/14th October, 1873AC). Vide,Ibid. pp.26-31; Ibid, Daryabadi, „Abdul Majid,Sachchi Batin (published by Na„imur RahmanSiddiqui Nadawi, Khatun Manjil, Haydar MirjaRoad, Gulagong, Lucknow: 2001) p.9.6Daryabadi, „Abdul Majid, Sachch i Batin, Vol-1,(Oct.2001), P-9; Ibid. P-59.; He heard another date ofhis birthday is 15th march but it may not be authenticand he also confused of it. Because in many otherbooks and he has reported himself in his memoirs‟that his birthday date is 16th March, 1892AC/16thSha„ban, 1309AH, but 1310AH is correctone, it was cited in his memoirs‟. Ibid, Qasimi,Khidmat wa Athar, pp.23, 367; Ibid. p.9.7Daryabad is a well-known Indian town. It was adistrict in 1861AC in the time of English and othersbut now it is an urban city only, half of the dwellersare Muslim and half are Hindu. It is from 40,42miles east side of Fayd}}abad and 43 miles west sideof Lucknow, 24 miles west side of centre distrctBarahbanki. In 1441AC/845AH this place had beencultivated by the forefather of „Abdul MajidDaryabadi, MuHammad ‟Abkash Chishti Niz}amiand kept it a name Daryabad in the name of Shahiofficial Daryakhan, because this place was gifted bya Shahi governor, named Daryakhan. Then hesettled here. Ibid, „Ap Biti, pp .25-27.Journal of Religion and Theology V3 I2 2019known Indian town in Barahbanki8 district,Uttar Pradesh, India. Therefore, popularly hewas called Daryabadi with the name of his placeof birth. He came from anoble Qidwa‟i family.The name of his race is Qidwa‟i or Qudwa‟i inArabic.9 It is one of the branches of Israelites. 108It is one of four districts of Fayd} abaddi vision,located in the heart of the Awadh region of UttarPradesh, state of India. The town of Barahbanki isthe district headquarters. It has been known to be afavorite haunt of saints and ascetics, litterati andintellectuals, besides being a battlefield for freedomfighters. The district of Barahbanki also known asthe Entrance to Purbanchal (the gate of East area),has the privilege of being the penance ground tonumerous saints and ascetics. There are severalancient sayings to the naming of this district. Themost popular among them is that, due to thereincarnation of „Bhagwan Baarah' on this poiseland, this place came to be known as'BAANHANYA' which in course of time gotcorrupted to Barahbanki. The district was knownbefore the Muslim conquest as Jasnaul, from Jas, araja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded itbefore 1000 AC. With a change of proprietors camea change of name. The Muslim owners divided thelands into twelve shares, over which the respectiveproprietors quarrelled so incessantly that they werecalled the Barah Banke, or twelve quarrelsomemen. Banka, in Awadhi, meaning a bully or brave.Others derive the name from ban, meaning wood orjungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve sharesof jungle. Vide, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barabanki district;http//www.daryabad.wikipedia.ca.com, accessed on 22/10/2010.9The Qidwa'i in Urdu: ائ ٚ لذ is a communityof Muslims in Pakistan and India. It means ideal,model, exemplar and a person that others follow andlearn from. Al-Qidwah, also spelled, al-Qudwah inArabic: ج ٚ اٌمذ is a famous family of notables in thecity of Gaza in the State of Palestine. They aremostly settled in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India.They are also settled in the city of Karachi,Sindh, Pakistan, also they are settled in areas ofthe Middle East. The Qudwai, together withthe Milki, Malik and Chaudhary are one of the foursub-groups of a community who collectively formthe Mian Muslim. The Mian Muslim was once acommunityofsubstantiallandownersinthe Awadh region. The Qidwa‟i is a community ofShaykhs in Pakistan and India. They are mostlysettled in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They arealso settled in the city of Karachi, Sindh andPakistan. The Qidwah claim descent from Qaz} iQidwah, a son of the Sultans of Rum. In that is nowmodern Turkey. There are differing traditions as tothe ethnic origin of the Qaz}i. Some sources claim hewas a descendent of Abu Bakar, the first caliph ofIslam. While other sources claim that, he was aSayyid by lineage. Qazi Qidwa fell out the Sultan,his brother, and migrated to India, with wife and son.36
‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir of the Holy Qur’anThe ancestry name of Qidwa‟i is as well as thecaste name of Chowdhury in Bangladesh. Histopmost ancestor was a Chief Justice ( ً قاض )انقضاة , named QadiShykh Mu„izuddin. It wasthe time of 10th century; he came to India in thereign of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznawi (9711030AC) with an unknown troop and settled atOzuddha, district of Faydabad. He was calledQudwatul „Ilm waddin and in general he wascalled Qadi Qidwah. He was contemporary ofSultan Mahmud Ghaznawi. He was the ancestorof Hadrat Harun ( ) and related to Lawi binYa„qub( ).Daryabadi‟sancestorQadiMu„izuddin‟s graveyard is near Babri Mosque. 11So, „Abdul Majid Daryabadi has written in hisUrdu tafsir that he was an origin of Ladi binYa„qub( ). He has written in his Urdu tafsir;12 س ٚ ں عے خہاں ذک خأذأی شدش٘ ا ١ِ ں ٚ ی صازثضاد ١ أہ ٔغة ٔاِہ عےپرہ There he became a close associate of the famous Sufisaint, Mu„inuddin Chishti. The saint is said to havesent him to the Awadh region to spread Islam, wherehe is said to have won over fifty villages to Islam.These fifty villages were later awarded to him, andthe region became known as Qidwarah. Theabolishment of the zamindar system by the newlyindepende nt India in 1947 had a major impact on theQidwai community. The larger estates were broken,and land given to the farmers who worked on theirlands. This led to some emigration of the Qidwaisto Pakistan. The Qidwais are still found mainly in thedistricts of Lucknow , Faizabad and Barabanki in Awadh Sultanpur region of Uttar Pradesh.Videhttps://en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/ Qidwai, accessedon 21.10. 2016.10Isaac (IsHaq ) was the second son of Abraham(Ibrahim ), born in 2060 BC and died in 1880 BC.Jacob (Ya„qub ) was a son of Isaac . He was also ason of the Apostle of Allah and he, himself was anapostle of Allah too. His name is Israel. In the holytawryt said, “God said to him, your name is Jacob,but you are not called Jacob, you will be Israel. So,he kept his name „Israel‟.” (Chap.birth35: 10, 11). Hewas born in Kin„an (Pelestain). In 1870BC, he cameback to Egypt to his successful successor Yusuf and he died at the age of 147 years there. He hadtwelve sons. They were; (i) Rubin (ii) Sham„un (iii)Lawi (iv) Yahuda‟h (v) Ishkar (vi) Zablun (vii)Yusuf (viii) Binyamin (ix) Dan (x) Naftali (xi) Jadand (xii) ‟Ashir.(Chap.birth35: 24-26). So, all sons ofYa„qub are called Bani Isra‟il. Vide, Daryabadi,„Abdul Maid, Al-Qur‟an al-Hakim, Surah Baqarah:132, footnote-474-76 (Taj Company Ltd. Lahore,krachi, Pakistan, 1952), p.52.11Ibid. „Ap Biti, p.24; Ibid, Sachchi Batin, p.9.12 Daryabadi, „Abdul Majid, Al-Qur‟an al-Hakim,Surah Baqarah :132, footnote-476 (Taj CompanyLtd. Lahore, krachi, Pakistan, 1952), p.52.37- ی ہے ٙ ا٘ ت ١ س کا س الُ ٔاِۂ ع ٛ ی کی ٔغً عے اْ عط ٚ ال زضشخ ، چال ٘ے Daryabadi‟s family had a long-standing traditionof spiritual leadership. A number of hisancestors were outstanding leaders of SufiOrders. His father was also a follower ofQadiriyah Sufi Order. His mother‟s name is BibiNaSirun Nisa‟.13 She was also from Qudwa‟iancestry. Her father that means Daryabadi‟smeternal grandfather was elder brother ofDaryabadi‟s grandfather Mufti Mazhar KarimQudwa‟i. So, his father married to his cousin.His maternal grandfather was the resident atLucknow. 14Therefore, Lucknow became hissecond home. His father was also born inLucknow. 15 He was the youngest son of hisfamily among five siblings. His father was theyoungest son of his family too. While he wrotehis autobiography named ‟A‟p Biti, he noticedthat only one elder brother named „Abdul Majid(d.1951AC/1370AH) and one elder sister namedZarifunnisa‟ (d.1945AC/ 1364AH) were alive.Later his sister‟s name is changed into BibiSakina. She was very much pious and devotedMuslim. She got married to her cousin Dr.Muhammad Salim Qidwa‟i. She was a shadowof Daryabadi‟s mother. His elder brother,„Abdul Majid was a Deputy Collector andretired as Additional City Magistrate in13She was the youngest daughter of all five brothersand three sisters. She was born in 1853AC atLucknow and died on 13th April in 1941AC/15thRabi„ulawwal in 1360AH on Sunday at Fayd} abad,in her elder son „Abdul Mujid‟s house. Then the deadbody was brought to Daryabad. She was a very muchpious and a veiled person (ٓ١ )پشد٘ ٔش . She did not liketo meet any man, even any stranger woman also. Herfather is Mawluwi Hakim Nur Karim (d.1871AC).Who was Daryabadi‟s Grandfather Muzhar Karim‟selder brother? She got married to her cousin „AbdulQadir Ibn .Mawluwi Mufti Mazhar Karim. Ibid,pp.27, 42; Daryabadi, Mu„asirin, (Idara-i-Insha-iMajidi, Rabindra Sarani, Kolkata-73:1995), p.13.14Lucknow is the capital city of the state of UttarPradesh of India. It had a population of 2,750,447 in2009 AC and Hindus comprise about 77% andMuslims about 20%. It has a literacy rate of 68.63%.It is the second largest urban centre in Uttar Pradeshafter Kanpur. Both Hindi and Urdu are spoken inLucknow but Urdu has been the lingua franca herefor centuries. The towns like Kakori, Daryabad,Rudauli and Malhibad produced innumerable poetsand litterateurs of Urdu, like; Muhsin Kakurwi,Majaz Lucknowi, Josh Malihabadi (1898-1982) andMawlana „Abdul Majid Daryabadi. Vide accessed on 22/10/2010.15Qasimi, Ibid. pp.22, 30-31.Journal of Religion and Theology V3 I2 2019
‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir of the Holy Qur’an1942AC. He was eight years senior to him. Heloved him not like a youngest brother but as ason.16Therefore, Daryabadi respected him like afather, not an elder brother.HIS EDUCATIONHis first education started with the name ofAllah in 1895AC at his home. In that time hewas four years old, but he were looking five dueto his good health.17 He was brought up in areligious environment. He learnt Arabic andPersian at home. His father had a goodcommand in Arabic and Persian language.Therefore, he read out the Holy Qur‟an anddeferent books in Persian, like Gulistan, Bustanand Sikandarnamah, Kimiya-i-Sa„adat of ImamGhazzali and Yusuf Zulaykha of Mullah Jami.Daryabadi also learnt Arabic language at thattime. Then he was admitted to Sitapur HighSchool. He continued his school education thereup to class ten from 1902AC to 1908 AC.Therefore, he matriculated from Sitapur HighSchool in 1908AC with second division. 18 Atthat time, this was Called „Entrance‟. Then itwas become Matriculation and then HighSchool Certificate (HSC). He learnt Arabiclanguage from Hakim Muhammad Zaki andMawlawi „Azmatullah. His house tutor wasHakim Muhammad „Ali „Atahar Dihlawi. Helearnt Urdu from Mawlawi Muhammad Isma„ilMiritih and English from a Hindu teacher,whose name is unknown. The school wasnearest to his house. He went to school by footand some time by personal vehicle, especially inrainy days. His family had two horses and twovehicles. Two Muslim teachers among the 10-12teachers were in this school, Mirza MuhammadZakir Lucknawi and Mawlawi Sayyid HaydarHussayn Lucknawi. Both of them were Shi„ahMuslims in faith. Daryabadi took Arabic withthe advice of Mirza Muhammad Zaki and afamous teacher of Firinghi Mahal adi continued his primary education uptoclass ten at Sitapur High School. 19On July‟1908AC, after passing the matriculation examination,he was admitted at Canning College, Lucknowin intermediate level. Later this college wasbecome „Lucknow University‟ after 12 years in1920 AC. At that time, all colleges of Lucknowwere under „Allahabad University‟ (estd.1887AC). The subjects in his intermediate level16Op. cit., ‟Ap Biti, pp. 48-53.Ibid. p. 60.18Ibid. p. 111.19Qasimi, op. cit, p.24; Ibid., pp.95-9717Journal of Religion and Theology V3 I2 2019were; Logic, History, Arabic and compulsorysubject was English. He passed intermediate(HSC) with second division in 1910AC. Thenhe was admitted in B.A. (honours) inPhilosophy at that college in 1910AC. Thesubjects in his BA (honours) were English(text), General English, Philosophy and Arabic.First two were compulsory. Than Metaphysics,Ethics and Psychology were included in threebranches of Philosophy. He was very muchinterested in Psychology. Selective writings ofIbn Khaldu n, Maqamat-i-Hariri, Maqamat-iBadiuzzaman Hamadani, Mutanabbi and AbuTamam were included in Arabic language andArabic Literature.20 On April in 1912 AC, heappeared in BA (honours) examination.Therefore, he went to Allahabad for appearingto BA final exam, under Allahabad University(estd. 1887AC). The result published on June in1912 A.C. and he obtained second class in B.A.(honours). Therefore, He graduated in 1912 AC.In that time, he exposed himself to therationalist and an agnostic. He had a naturaltaste for Philosophy. However, during his time,there is no M.A. course in Philosophy excepttwo Universities. One was Banaras HinduUniversity (estd. 1915AC) and other was„Aligarh Muslim University (estd. 1920AC). 21Then he decided to go to „Aligarh and gotadmitted in M.A. course in Philosophy. 22 OnMarch, in 1913AC the first year examination ofMA was held, but he failed. Then he wasadmitted in St. Stephens College, Delhi in 1913AC to continue his MA in Philosophy.However, he could not pursue his studies forlong time and ought to stop his higher educationmidway due to his father‟s death in the time ofperforming his Haj in 1912AC. In that time,Daryabadi was 20 years old. 23 He had none ofhis relatives to defray the expenses of hiseducation. However, his father handed him overhis father‟s intimated friend Raja SahibMahmud Abad before going for his pilgrimage20Qasimi, op. cit., p.25„Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is a publicuniversity founded by the Government of India. Itwas originally established by the influence of SirSayyid Ahmad Khan. First, it was named,„Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College‟ in 1875 AC.Later it became „Aligarh Muslim University‟ in1920AC. Vide, Hoque, Dr. Azizul, History andProblems of Muslim Education in Bengal, pp. 1-45;Chowdhury, Nurul Islam, History of Muslim Rules inIndia, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Mullik Brothers,Dhaka: 1975AC pp.476-77.22Qasimi, Ibid., p.25; Daryabadi, op. cit, p. 14923Daryabadi, Mu„asirin, p.92138
‘Abdul Majid Daryabadi: A Charismatic Mufassir of the Holy Qur’an( )زح . He had not come back home aftercompleting his pilgrimage, because he passedaway durng his pilgrimage. In addition,meanwhile the „Peoples Bank‟ was becomebankrupted. In this reason, the whole of hisfather‟s deposited money was lost.24 Therefore,he could not pursue his object. From this eventand this situation, it was realized that perhapsnone of his relatives or nearest persons wererich and wealthy to bear the expenditure of hisstudies. Then he entered the field of job. In1918AC, he took to a study of Buddhism andTheosophy. Later, in his own words, 25 heprogressively became a „Muslim de novo‟ underthe influence of MawlanaAshraf „Ali Thanwi,the famous Urdu poet Akbar Alahabadi and theinfluence of English Translation and Tafsir ofthe Holy Qur‟an by Muhammad „Ali LahuriAhmadi (famous as Qadiyani).26 He wasassociated with „Khilafat‟ Conference atLucknow in 1927AC and was president of the„Oudh Khilafat Committee‟. 27Given Him a Title ‘Mawlana’„Abdul Majid Daryabadi has not educated fromMadrasah education, but the Arabic languageand literature were always text course inDaryabadi‟s studies at Canning College,Lucknow. He passed from Canning College in1912AC with Arabic. In this why, he knewArabic very well and he had good command inEnglish and deep knowledge in Psychology,Philosophy and Logic. When he was a collegestudent at the age of 15/16, he wrote twoarticles, first is named; „Mahmud Ghaznavi‟( ٜٛٔ د غض ّٛ )ِس and second is „Ghadha-i Insani( (غزاۓ أغأی . Both the articles have beenpublished at weekly magazine „Wakil‟ ofAmritsar. Later the „Wakil Book Agency‟ hadpublished his first two articles in the shape ofbooklet in 1910AC. The two articles are verymuch authentic and have literary values. Afterthe evaluation of these two articles, „WakilBook Agency‟ had given him a title„Mawlana‟28 and sent a letter to him. After thatthey had written first his name Mawlana „AbdulMajid Daryabadiin spite of his name „AbdulMajid Daryabadi and printed the name of writerMawlana „Abdul Majid Daryabadi on the coverpage of the booklet, while he was a collegestudent. However, the title „Mawlana‟, he didnot accept because at that time he becameagnostic and rationalist that means the durationof his rationalism from 1909AC to 1918AC.Inthat time he wrote and introduced himself Mr.„Abdul Majid rather than Mawlana. However,the time of his childhood and youth was inIslam. After that time, he came back to Islam bythe influence of Haji Warith „Ali Shah, AkbarIlah Abadi, Mawlana Muhammad „Ali Jawharand Rishi Bahgwan Das. They were theinfluential persons who had done appreciablework to come back him to Islam. 29In a result, hehas contributed the Muslim communuty bytheTafsīr Literature.His marriageHe got married to „Aftun Nisa in 2nd June, 1916AC, the daughter of former magistrate ShaykhYusufuz-Zaman. In his marriage ceremony thefamous and renowned persons of the state werepresent. Specially, they were; Raza SahebMahmud Abad, Justice Karamat Husayn, MirjaMuhammad Hadi „Aziz Lucknowi and MawlanaSayyid Sulayman Nadawi. 30 On October,1930AC he had second marriage but it had notbeen settled. It had been separated withdivorce. 31 He had been stayed with his first wife„Aftun Nisa upto end of their conjugal life veryhappily and peacefully. All of his daughters andsons (died in early childhood) were born by hisfirst wife.PROLIFIC WRITERAfter stopping his higher study, he entered thefield of Journalism. First he worked at „UdhPanch‟ (pub.1877AC, Lucknow), then at „AlHilal‟ (pub.1912AC, Kalkata), „Jamindar‟(pub.1912AC, Lahore), „Hamdard‟ (pub. 1913AC, Delhi). Then he started a weekly magazine„Sach‟ from Lucknow in 1925AC and he was aneditor of it. It had been continued upto 1933AC.Then in 1933AC, he stopped this weekly in dueto involve deeply in writing an Englishtranslation and commentary of the Holy Qur‟an.Then in 1935AC, he changed this weekly into„Sidq‟, then he finally changed it into „Sidq-eJadid‟ in 1950AC and he was an editor of ituntil his death in 1977AC. Now, it has beenedited and published from Lucknow by his sonin law and his nephew Hakim „Abdul QawiDaryabadi.32 In that time „Abdul MajidDaryabadi became a prolific and a famous24Op. cit, ‟Ap Biti, p.149Ibid, pp.254-59.26Ibid.27Ibid. p. 2
Thanwi to write a Tafsir and then he wrote a famous Tafsir in English first then in Urdu named Tafsir‟ul Qura‟nil Hakim. In his Tafsir, he quoted from Bible and other religious books compared and established . with the appearance of the extensive tafsir of Ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 224/838-9). Subsequently, a great number of works on the .
Charismatic. The charismatic leadership style relies on the charm and persuasiveness of the leader. Charismatic leaders are driven by their convictions and commitment to their cause. Charismatic leaders also are sometimes called transformational leaders because they share multiple similarities. Their main difference is focus and audience.
Yet however far removed the popular business press is from the ‘charismatic leader’ conversation, we know that charismatic leaders themselves are perennial, cropping up in pop culture, politics, and business, and they do generate followers. The charismatic leader myth it
- Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, - Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002. - The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004. - Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005
LEADERSHIP When Charismatic Leadership Goes Too Far by Dan Ciampa NOVEMBER 21, 2016 In most cases, charisma is a useful quality for CEOs. Many work hard to develop charismatic skills. Especially when an organization is asked to become more innovative and to perform beyond normal levels, having followers with an unusually strong belief in the .
Charismatic leadership was taken as comprising five factors . is that transformational leadership goes beyond exchanging ind ucemen ts for desired performance by developing, intellectually stimulating, and inspiring . 232 Charismatic Leadership and Self-Efficacy: Importance of Role Clarity
Thus my sincere gratitude goes to my family, professors, and all my friends for their love, support, guidance, assistance and patience over the last several . important types of ethics-based leadership - charismatic ethical leadership and ethical leadership. Charismatic ethical leadership uses charismatic behaviors, such as
less than effective. Charismatic leadership has usually been regarded as an effective form of leadership. But there are ineffective aspects of charismatic leadership.3 Charismatic leaders can be distractible, insensitive to their ef-fect on others, self-absorbed, and unpredictable. They can exaggerate how
health and care services should be delivering standards of care, and health outcomes, for prisoners that are at least equivalent to that of the general population. Doing so involves identifying and addressing health and care needs, which may have gone unrecognised, and supporting prisoners to lead purposeful, healthier lives. We recommend that: the National Prison Healthcare Board work .
