Key #1 Lower Systolic Blood Pressure
Key #1 Lower Systolic Blood PressureWhat is Blood Pressure?Blood pressure is defined as the force with which blood pumps through thebody. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, places an extraburden on your heart and blood vessels.12080Systolic pressure (pressure whenthe heart is pumping) in mmHgDiastolic pressure (pressure whenthe heart is resting) in mmHgHigh blood pressureusually has no symptomsand is often referred toas the silent killerMore than 70% of adults age 60 and oversuffer from high blood pressure, makingit a very common condition.National Center for Health Statistics, Trends in HealthyAmericans. Health, United States, 2006Hypertension is thePrimary Cause of:Heart AttackStrokeAge-Related DementiaMemory LossKidney FailureCongestive Heart FailureRisk Factors forHigh Blood Pressure Controlling systolic blood pressure isimportant as we age. The best bloodpressure is the level at which your risk islowest. In adults the ideal systolic pressureis below 120 mmHg. ObesityHigh-Sodium DietInactivityTobacco UseDrinking AlcoholAgeRaceHeredityHigh blood pressure is a serious condition requiring lifelong treatment. It ispossible to lower blood pressure with medication and lifestyle changes.Goal: Lower systolic blood pressure(best is less than 120 mmHg) 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.1Rev. 6.29.2011
Take ActionYou can loweryour blood pressure!Step 1: Know and record your numbersMonitor your blood pressure over time and record your numbers on a walletcard or personal health record. Work to keep your systolic blood pressurebelow 120 mmHg.Step 2: Discuss your blood pressure with your doctorBe Prepared: Know your numbers and always takeyour records with you to your appointments.Ask Questions: Ask the doctor to explain yourdiagnosis and give you specific recommendations forlifestyle changes and medications.Share Your Point of View: Discuss your concerns andplan of lifestyle changes with your doctor.Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, BloodPressure EquipmentStep 3: Modify your lifestyleMaintain a Healthy Weight: If overweight, set a weight loss goal.Be Physically Active: Engage in at least 30 minutes of physical activitymost days of the week.Follow a Heart Healthy Eating Plan that is low in saturated fat, includesfive or more fruits and vegetables, and lower-fat or fat free dairy products.Reduce Sodium in Your Diet: Choose fewer processed foods and readlabels in order to purchase foods with less than 120 mg sodium serving, fora total of less than 1500 mg a day. Taste foods before salting; use herbsand spices to flavor your foods.Drink Alcohol in Moderation: If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit to onedrink a day for women or two drinks a day for men.Step 4: If medication is prescribed, take it as directedFor the best blood pressure control, combine lifestyle habits andmedications. Many individuals will require several different medications tolower blood pressure. Most have few side effects and a number of themare low cost. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.2Rev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About Blood PressureInformBlood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). This is astandard unit of pressure just as an inch is a standard unit of distance.Systolic Blood Pressure Levels120 mmHgOptimal (Best)140 mmHgPre-HypertensionHypertensionMotivateHigh Blood Pressure (HBP) is a risk factor for many diseasesHBPHardenedor damagedarteriesDamagedvessels inkidneysStrokeDecreasedblood flow toheart/bodyLess fluidfiltered bykidneys 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterChest painor damageto the heartBuild-upof wastesin bodyCongestiveHeartFailureHeartAttackKidneyDisease orFailurePage 1.3Rev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About Blood PressureEncourage ActionMonitor your blood pressure between physician visitsTake advantage of free blood pressure screenings that are offered by health carefacilities, pharmacies, gyms, or local community centers. If your blood pressure ishigh, ask your doctor about getting a home monitor.Talk to your doctor Write down your questions before your visit and take them with you.Ask your doctor to review your personal risk factors.Review your blood pressure records.Understand that medications may be needed.Ask about your current medications:What side effects should I be aware of?Is there a less expensive alternative?Would adding another medication get my systolic blood pressurebelow 120 mmHg?Take your medication as prescribedTaking your medications as prescribed can prevent a heart attack, stroke, andcongestive heart failure. These are serious conditions in which blood flow isblocked. Make taking your medicine part of your daily routine so you don’t forget. Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, Pills Take medications at the same time every day(coordinate with meals or other daily events)Use a pill box to organize and remind youUse a calendar to cross off doses after they are takenLeave notes out to remind yourselfAsk family and friends to remind youMake sure you keep a daily dose with you when youtravel or make a day tripCall your pharmacy for a refill before you run out orsign up for automatic refillsKeep pills in an obvious place that you see everyday—like on your nightstand or on the kitchen table 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.4Rev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About Blood PressureEncourage ActionModify Your LifestyleLifestyle changes are important even if medications are prescribed.Maintain a Healthy WeightMaintain a healthy body weight. Losing just 10 pounds, if you are overweight,can lower your blood pressure.Be Physically ActiveAt least 30 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week can helpyou prevent or control high blood pressure.Source: MicrosoftOffice Online, ClipArt, SpicesReduce Sodium in Your Diet Most sodium comes from salt added during processing. Taste food before salting. As you use less salt, foods willbegin to taste salty. Over time you will prefer foods with lesssalt. Buy fresh, frozen, or canned “with no salt added” vegetables. Use herbs, spices, and salt-free seasoning blends in cookingand at the table. “Convenience” foods are often high in sodium and fat. Readlabels and choose the brands with lower sodium and fat.Cut back on frozen dinners, pizza, packaged mixes, cannedsoups, and salad dressings as these can be high in salt. Rinse canned foods, such as tuna or vegetables, to removesome sodium.Drink Alcohol in ModerationIn addition to raising blood pressure, alcohol adds calories to your diet thatcan prevent weight loss. Limit to 1 drink a day for women, 2 drinks for men.Stop Smoking or Using TobaccoSmoking raises your blood pressure and can cause scarring in the bloodvessels, which further limits blood flow. Additives in smokeless tobacco willalso cause your blood vessels to narrow, raising your blood pressure. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.5Rev. 6.29.2011
Systolic Blood PressureSharing the Wealth on HealthTips for Promoting Healthy Blood Pressure When asked to bring a food item to an event or potluck, bring fresh fruit orvegetables, unsalted pretzels, or a healthy, homemade lower-sodium dish.Encourage others to do the same. When you speak with friends who are considering increasing their dailyactivity level, encourage them to make small changes, such as parkingfarther from their destination. Small changes can lead to big improvements. Learn how to take blood pressures or find others who can so that you canhelp your friends and family know and monitor their numbers. Try to share what you’ve learned with communityleaders who can help you get your message out. Bring copies of the blood pressure handouts withyou when you go to group meetings or events. Encourage others to take their blood pressuremonitors to their doctors for calibration.Calibration keeps the blood pressure monitorreadings correct. Pass out blood pressure wallet cards so that otherscan track their progress.Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, Blood PressureIdeas for Promoting Healthy Blood Pressure 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.6Rev. 6.29.2011
Systolic Blood PressurePersonal Goals & Action StepsMy Current Blood Pressure:Systolic Blood Pressure Levels120 mmHgOptimal (Best)Pre-Hypertension140 mmHgHypertensionMy Personal Blood Pressure Goals:Steps Toward Attaining My Goals1.2.3.4.Source: MicrosoftOffice Online, ClipArt, Blood Pressure5. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.7Rev. 6.29.2011
Systolic Blood PressureTake-Home Assignment #1Find a place in your community where you can get your blood pressure checked.This may be an automated machine at a pharmacy or a free service at a clinic.Go to this place and have your blood pressure taken. Write down your bloodpressure on your wallet card.How was your experience? What suggestions do you have for others?Talk to a friend or family member about blood pressure. Ask them if they knowtheir blood pressure number. Write out what you want to say before you meet.Use the blood pressure handout as a reference.“I am taking a class on Healthy Aging. May I talk to you about blood pressureand its risk factors?”How did the conversation go? What would you do differently next time? 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.8Rev. 6.29.2011
Systolic Blood PressureTake-Home Assignment #2Look through your kitchen cupboards and pull out four different foods that you eatduring a typical week. List these foods and their sodium content on the chartbelow. Take this page with you to the grocery store.The next time you go grocery shopping, pick a day when you will have time toread and compare food labels. Purchase food items that are similar to the onesyou have at home, but that have less sodium. List their sodium content once youget home. Compare them to the ones in your cupboard. How much sodium didyou cut out by using the low sodium option? Remember that you should haveless than 2300 mg of sodium per day.Type of food from your kitchenExample: Canned PeasSodium inSodium inkitchen foods low salt foodSodiumcut380 mg125 mg255 mgCereal:mgmgmgSalad Dressing:mgmgmgCanned Soup:mgmgmgFrozen Dinner:mgmgmgUse your lower-sodium foods to prepare a favorite food orrecipe. Invite some friends and family over to sample yourlower-sodium creations.This dinner party is a good opportunity to discuss withyour guests the importance of reducing sodium intake. Ifyou don’t tell them it’s lower sodium they will never know.The meal you have prepared will serve as a greatexample of how easy and enjoyable lower sodium choicescan be. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterSource: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, SoupPage 1.9Rev. 6.29.2011
Systolic Blood PressureFrequently Asked QuestionsCan my systolic blood pressure be too low?Yes, if your systolic (top) blood pressure is consistently below 90 mmHg and iscausing problems such as fainting or dizziness, you should contact your doctor.There are many reasons for “low” blood pressure and your doctor will investigatethe cause.How does sodium affect blood pressure?Eating too much sodium causes the body to retain fluid. This extra fluid placesadded pressure on the arteries, which causes your blood pressure to rise. MostAmericans eat more than double the recommended level of sodium.How does physical activity help lower my bloodpressure?Regular physical activity helps to maintain a healthyweight, and makes your heart stronger. A strong heartcan pump blood with less effort, which in turn is lesspressure on your arteries.Why does blood pressure increase with age?As people age, their blood vessels become less elastic.Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, Blood PressureWhy do I have to keep taking my blood pressure medication if myblood pressure is normal again?Your blood pressure is in the “normal” range because the medication is working tocontrol it. Keep taking your pills to keep your blood pressure controlled. Do notchange your medication without talking to your doctor.The questions I still have about blood pressure are: 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 1.10Rev. 6.29.2011
Key #2Stop SmokingThere are many different poisons that can be found in cigarettes, such ascarbon monoxide, tar, rat poison, paint thinner, and lighter fluid, just to name afew. Any of these toxins, including those from secondhand smoke, can causea great deal of damage to your body, including your heart, lungs, kidneys, andso forth.Health Benefits to Quitting Better breathingLess coughingIncreased energyImproved sex driveReduction in some medicationsImproved taste and smellSource: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, SmokingSmoking IncreasesYour Risk for:Other Reasons to Quit Heart DiseaseStrokeCancerBreathing Disorders Set a better example for others.Avoid exposing those around you tosecondhand smoke.Save money.Smell better! Your breath, hair, andclothes will stop smelling like smoke.It’s Not Too Late to Benefit from Quitting!Are you thinking to yourself, “The damage has been done. Why quit now?”Even after forty or fifty years of smoking, the body can still repair much of thedamage from smoking. Studies show benefits to quitting at any age. And youdon‟t have to wait years and years for benefits to begin. Many benefits arenoticed in the first year—or even the first month—after quitting. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.1Rev. 6.29.2011
Take ActionYou can stopsmoking!START Your Tobacco-Free Life TodayTry the Start Program developed in collaboration with the Centers forDisease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, NationalCancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, andUSA.gov.Set a quit dateTell family, friends and co-workers that you plan to quitA nticipate and plan for the challengesR emove tobacco products from your home, car, and workTalk to your doctor about getting help to quitFor more information or support:Call 1-800-QUIT-NOW or visit www.smokefree.govCenters for Disease Control and Prevention:http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/quit smoking/how to quit/index.htmQuit Smoking Stop: http://www.quit-smoking-stop.com/ 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.2Rev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About SmokingInform and MotivateNicotine is a very addictive drug found intobacco products. People usually try severaltimes to stop using tobacco before they quitsuccessfully. Each time a person tries to quit,he or she learns something about what worksand what situations are problematic. By usingproven cessation treatments, such as FDAapproved medications and individual, group,or phone counseling, you can double yourchances for success.Source: Microsoft Office Online,Clip Art, CigaretteSmoking and tobacco use are risk factors for many diseases.Smoking can cause: Coronary heart diseaseCancerLung diseasesDecreased bone density StrokeThroat and mouth diseaseBronchitisHypertensionMost of these conditions will improve, or at least not worsen, after you quit.Source: Health dy-corps/index-eng.phpSource: Centers for Disease Control 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.3Rev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About SmokingEncourage ActionThe U.S. Public Health Service‟s Clinical Practice Guidelines (Fiore, et al., 2000)recommends the use of the “5 A‟s” to help a smoker quit smoking.1. ASK - Do you smoke or use tobacco?2. ADVISE - Strongly urge tobacco users to quit.3. ASSESS - Determine willingness to make a quit attempt.4. ASSIST - Aid the person in quitting.5. ARRANGE - Set up a follow-up meeting to encourage action.Source: Microsoft Office Online,Clip Art, Holding Hands 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.4Rev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About SmokingInformMedications Can Sometimes Help You Quit SmokingTo help with nicotine withdrawal, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is oftenused. Medications such as nicotine gum, patches, and lozenges may helpreduce your urge to smoke. Check with your doctor about these medications.He/She would be able to help determine what is best for you.Withdrawal SymptomsIf you quit smoking, you may experience some of the following d igueTrouble FocusingWeight GainSome withdrawal symptoms will come and go over a period of a few days. Mostare gone within 3 weeks and do not affect everyone to the same degree.Weight Gain A concern for manyNot as harmful as smokingLess than 10 pounds for mostSource: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, StudentQuit Smoking Stop: ontrol your weight as you quit smoking: www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic text/health/w8quit-smoke/index.htm 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.5Rev. 6.29.2011
Stop SmokingSharing the Wealth on HealthTips for Promoting Smoking Cessation Take time to learn about quitting so you know firsthand what smokersexperience. Help friends who smoke find a “quit buddy.” Set a positive example by not allowing smoking in your house, yard, or car.You can do this by posting “No Smoking” signs or by removing ashtrays andlighters. Carry small index cards with the names andphone numbers or web sites of localsmoking cessation programs that you findmost helpful (from the activity on page 2.9)in your wallet or purse. Reward and encourage your smokingfriends and family members when theyattempt to quit.Encourage them tocelebrate smoke-free days, weeks, andmonths.Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, CigaretteIdeas for Promoting Smoking Cessation 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.6Rev. 6.29.2011
Stop SmokingPersonal Goals & Action StepsMy Smoke-Free Living Goals:Steps Toward Attaining My Goals1.2.3.Source: Microsoft Office Online,Clip Art, Cigar4. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.7Rev. 6.29.2011
Stop SmokingTake-Home Assignment #1Identify a smoker whom you feel comfortable talking to about their smoking habit. Find out how willing he/she is to quit smoking. This information will help youdecide the best way to help. Ask the person:On a scale of 1-10, how ready are you to quit?12I‟m not ready3456I‟m thinking about it.78910I‟m ready to try to quitDepending where the person is on the scale, try using the reply statementslisted below. “Not ready” stage: These smokers don‟t like to talk or think about quitting.They will often benefit from printed information. About 40% of smokers are inthis category.Your Reply: “I understand that you aren‟t ready to stop smoking. Would youplease consider reading this information?” “I’m thinking about it” stage: These smokers are preparing to change theirbehavior. About 40% of smokers are in this category.Your reply: “I hear you saying that you want to quit smoking but don‟t knowwhere to start. Can I give you some information about a few localresources?” “I am ready to try to quit” stage: These smokers are ready for action orare already trying to quit. 20% of smokers are in this category.Your reply: “You should be proud that you are taking control of your health.Can I give you more information on smoking and some tips on how toquit? How else can I help?” 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.8Rev. 6.29.2011
Stop SmokingTake-Home Assignment #2This chapter has presented some of the basic information about tobacco and thequitting process. However, there is a great deal of information available fromother sources. There are also many community agencies that offer smokingcessation services.Information on quit programs can be importantto your efforts to help friends and familymembers who are ready to quit smoking.Check out your local hospital, clinic, or medicalcenter to see what services and informationthey offer.Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, HomeGovernment agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Servicessometimes offer smoking cessation programs through local departments ofhealth. There are also many resources on the internet or at the library thatprovide information and services for smokers who want to quit.Visit or contact some of these resources and see what you can find. Write downthree local resources that offer cessation programs and comment on which weremost helpful. Be sure to call the telephone numbers you find to make sure theyare still in service. Once you have gained some familiarity with the services thatare offered by your local community agencies, you can direct interested smokersto these resources.ResourceTelephone #or Web site 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterCommentsPage 2.9Rev. 6.29.2011
Stop SmokingFrequently Asked QuestionsHow does smoking cause heart disease and stroke?Carbon monoxide, a toxin in cigarettes, damages the lining in arteries and allowscholesterol to build up in blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow. This is madeworse by nicotine, another toxin in cigarettes, which causes a „fight or flight‟response when you smoke. Nicotine makes blood vessels constrict (narrow) and atthe same time, increases blood pressure. Over time, the arteries harden andbecome so clogged that blood flow is severely reduced. (Source: WhyQuit.com @http://whyquit.com/whyquit/linksjblood.html)What does COPD stand for and how does smoking cause it?Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Smoking damages the airways and alveoliof the lungs (air sacs) so that they don‟t work as well.Why does smoking cause bone problems in women?Smoking reduces bone density in post-menopausalwomen and causes bones to be more porous or fragile.How does smoking cause cancer?Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, CigaretteThe toxins found in cigarettes will cause damage to the cells in your body. Thesecells either grow abnormally and/or rapidly.Why do people keep smoking when they know that it is so bad?Smoking is an addiction. The nicotine in tobacco is the addictive ingredient. TheCDC reports that 25% of adults in the United States smoke and 70% of smokerswould like to quit. People who understand that nicotine addiction is a disease andseek the help of their physician are most successful at quitting.The questions I still have about smoking are: 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghA CDC Prevention Research CenterPage 2.10Rev. 6.29.2011
Key #3Participate inCancer ScreeningWhat is Cancer?The National Cancer Institute defines cancer as “A term for diseases in whichabnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells canalso spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph cerlibrary/what-is-cancer )Take Steps Now to Prevent Cancer Schedule an appointment with your doctor to get the prescriptions and referrals youneed for cancer screenings.Overcome your fear of uncomfortable screenings or your worries about the resultsby reminding yourself that the earlier cancer is found, the more likely that it can betreated successfully.Do not use tobacco products.Be physically active—at least 30 minutes a day, most days of the week.Choose foods with less animal fat and more fiber.Use sunscreen and avoid tanning booths.Drink less alcohol—no more than 1 drink a day for women or 2 for men.Many Cancers Have Warning SignsThe American Cancer Society describes an easy way to look for symptoms ofpossible cancers using the CAUTION program. It is important to know some of thesymptoms of different types of cancer. For example, be aware of the following:Source: Microsoft Office Online,Clip Art, Senior CitizensC .Change in bowel or bladder habitsA .A sore that does not healU.Unusual bleeding or dischargeT .Thickening or a lump in any part of the bodyI .Indigestion or difficulty swallowingO .Obvious change in a wart or a moleN .Nagging cough or hoarsenessThese could suggest cancer but are not diagnostic.Bring such signs to your doctor’s attention for further ng-cancer-symptoms 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghPage 3.1A CDC Prevention Research CenterRev. 6.29.2011
Take ActionPrevent or DetectCancer EarlyEarly Detection Can Save Your Life!Screenings may involve a physical exam, lab tests, or other procedures. Youshould always discuss your personal risks for cancer and your need forscreenings with your doctor. Medicare now covers many screening tests. Ifyou feel you are unable to pay for screenings that you need, contact yourhospital or a local free clinic to find out about assistance programs.SiteRecommendationColon &RectumAt the age of 50, request a prescription to see a gastroenterologist andbegin screening using one of the following exam schedules: A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT)yearly and a flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years A colonoscopy every 10 yearsIf you have an immediate relative diagnosed with colon cancer beforeage 60 (or two relatives diagnosed at any age), then you shouldreceive a colonoscopy every 5 years beginning at age 40 (or 10 yearsbefore the age at which the youngest relative was diagnosed).BreastYearly mammograms starting at age 40 are highly recommended.(Women) To receive a mammogram, request a prescription from your doctor. Speak to your doctor about regular exams/tests if you have hadbreast cancer and/or a family history of breast cancer. A clinical breast exam should be part of your annual health exam.Uterus & Screenings for cervical cancer (PAP test) should be done every 1-3Cervixyears, depending upon your history of abnormal PAP tests and certain(Women) risk factors, such as HIV or a weak immune system. If you are 75 or over, you may want to ask your doctors whetherstopping cervical exams is appropriate.After menopause, you should ask your doctor about risks forendometrial cancer and report any unexpected bleeding or spotting.Prostate(Men)Discuss your prostate cancer risks with your doctor. Screening testsare available, including the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood testand the digital rectal exam. While many men begin screening at age50, men with a family history of certain cancers may benefit fromscreening at an earlier age. 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghPage 3.2A CDC Prevention Research CenterRev. 6.29.2011
Be InformedMore Information About Cancer ScreeningInformCancer-Related Words That Your Doctor May UseAntigen: Stimulates an immune response in the bodyBenign: No cancer foundColonoscopy: A physician inserts a tube with a camera at the end, through therectum. The physician is able to look at the lining of the entire colon forabnormalities.DRE: Digital rectal exam (finger exam of rectum by doctor)Environmental Factors: Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity,infectious disease, radiation, & chemicals which can all contribute to cancerFecal Occult Blood Test: Detects blood in the stool which can be a sign ofcolon cancer, hemorrhoids, or other health problems.Genetic marker: A DNA sequence that identifies aparticular trait or geneHemoccult: Hidden bloodMalignant: Cancer is foundPolyp: Abnormal growth of tissue (tumor) that maybe benign or malignantProstate: A walnut-sized gland in men that islocated near the urethra. The urethra is the tubethat takes the urine from the bladder to the outsideof the body.Source: Microsoft OfficeOnline, Clip Art, DoctorPSA: Prostate specific antigen (blood test for prostate cancer)Sigmoidoscopy: A physician inserts a tube with a camera at the end throughthe rectum. The physician is able to look for abnormalities in the lining of thelower end of the colon. The doctor cannot view the entire colon with this test.Tumor: A mass of tissue that is the result of the uncontrolled growth of bodycells. Can be malignant (cancer) or benign (not cancer). 2011--Center for Aging and Population Health, University of PittsburghPage 3.3A CDC Prevention Research CenterRev. 6.29.2011
Cancer ScreeningsSharing the Wealth on HealthTips for Promoting Cancer Screening Participation Call your local hospital and ask if they give tours of the cancerscreening facilities. If they do, arrange a tour for some friends andfamily so they can become more comfortable with the process ofcancer screening. Encourage others to take photographs of body moles. They shouldkeep these photos and discuss any changes with their doctor or adermatologist. Find a screening “buddy.”Get onschedule with a friend to have your regularscreenings done. It may be easier toremember to have them done if you dothem together. It also serves as goodsupport during potentially unpleasant testpreparations or procedures, as well asduring times of conce
Blood pressure is defined as the force with which blood pumps through the body. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, places an extra burden on your heart and blood vessels. High blood pressure usually has no symptoms and is often referred to as the silent killer Key #1
92. Mildly elevated blood pressure (Systolic 140-159 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 90-99 mm of Hg) (%) 10.9 na 93. Moderately or severely elevated blood pressure (Systolic 160mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 100mm of Hg) (%) 4.8 na 94. Elevated blood pressure (Systolic 140 mm of Hg and/or Diastolic 90 mm of Hg) or taking medicine to
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY WORKBOOK 7a. Complete the table below to show the short-term and long-term effects of exercise in healthy adults for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure: Blood pressure Short-term effects Long-term effects Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure 7b. Explain why the short-term changes in systolic pressure that you have identified occur: 7c. Explain in more detail the long .
To determine the ABI value, the systolic blood pressure values of the arms and legs must be measured. Blood pressure measurement values are given in mmHg (mm of mercury). The ABI is calculated as a quotient of the systolic pressure of the leg measurement (the mean pressure of the posterior and anterior tibial arteries) and the higher systolic
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 BLOOD CULTURE ESSENTIALS p. 2 1 What is a blood culture? p. 4 2 Why are blood cultures important? p. 4 3 When should a blood culture be performed? p. 5 4 What volume of blood should be collected? p. 6 5 How many blood culture sets should be collected? p. 8 6 Which media to use? p. 10 7 Timing of blood cultures p. 11 8 How to collect blood cultures p. 12
A blood can receive blood from a person with type A or type O. A person with type B blood can receive blood from a person with type B or type O. A person with type B blood can donate blood for persons with either type B or type AB blood. Actually, blood banking is more complicated than this simple description, with test run for other minor
Arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the wall of a blood vessel as the heart pumps (contracts) and relaxes. Systolic blood pressure is the degree of force when the heart is pumping (contracting). The diastolic blood pressure is the degree of force when the hearts relaxed. 1.2.4 Meaning of Blood Pressure
The top reading is systolic blood pressure (BP) and relates to the contraction of the left side of the heart. The bottom number is the diastolic recording and is the lowest pressure achieved in the circulation Low blood pressure Also known as hypotension. This is when the systolic recording is less than 90
‘Stars’ can allow a business to be a market leader ‘Problem Child’ products give businesses opportunity to invest ‘Dogs’ should be divested Increased profits can ari se f rom selling different products Newer products can replace thos e at the end of the life cycle A range of pro ducts increases brand awareness Easier to launch new products with larg e existing portfolio 5 Award 1 .
