Development And Field Testing Novel Natural Gas (NG .
Development and Field Testing Novel Natural Gas(NG) Surface Process Equipment for Replacementof Water as Primary Hydraulic Fracturing FluidProject # DE-FE0024314Griffin BeckSouthwest Research Institute (PI)U.S. Department of EnergyNational Energy Technology LaboratoryMastering the Subsurface Through Technology Innovation, Partnerships and Collaboration:Carbon Storage and Oil and Natural Gas Technologies Review MeetingAugust 1-3, 2017
This presentation provides an overview of a recentlaboratory investigation of natural-gas based foams1.2.3.4.5.NG foam fracturing project overviewSummary of project findings to dateDescription of test facility andobjectivesSummary of resultsFuture workPilot Scale Foam Test Facility2
Typical hydraulic fracture treatments require asignificant volume of waterShale Gas Formations1.Barnett2.Eagle .Tuscaloosa7.Marcellus and Utica 1.Water is used to initiatefracture and carry proppant.As much as 9.7 milliongal/well1Significant transportationrequiredRecovered water must beeither cleaned or disposed.Gallegos, T. J., et al., “Hydraulic Fracturing Water Use Variability in the United States and Potential Environmental Implications,” Water ResourcesResearch, 51 (7) pp. 5839-5845, (July 2015).
SwRI and SLB are developing a novel process thatuses of natural gas as the primary fracturing fluidProposed Natural Gas FracturingProcessNatural GasWell InjectionCompression ofNatural GasGas/Water/ProppantMixingProppant SupplyWater SupplyCurrent Fracturing Process The proposed process uses NG foam for hydraulic fracture treatment.This could reduce water consumption by as much as 80%.Natural gas is readily available at well site.The recovered natural gas would be processed.
Initial work identified an appropriate surfaceprocess and reviewed foam rheology literatureKey Findings from LiteratureReview2Direct Compression Process ‒Key Findings from ProcessDevelopment2-4 2.3.4.Six processes (including compressionand liquefaction cycles) were analyzed.The optimal process to produce highpressure NG is through directcompression.Equipment needed to compress gas iscommercially available.Verma, S., et al., “Novel Fracturing Process Utilizing Natural Gas,” presented at theAIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA (November 13-18, 2016).Beck, G. and Verma, S., “Development and Field Testing Novel Natural Gas (NG)Surface Process Equipment for Replacement of Water as Primary Hydraulic FracturingFluid,” presented at the 2016 Carbon Storage and Oil and Natural Gas TechnologiesReview Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA (August 16-18, 2016).Beck, G., et. al. “Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Plant to Prepare NaturalGas for Use in Foam Fracturing Treatments,” presented at the 2017 ASME Turbo Expo,Charlotte, NC (June 26-30, 2017).No published data for NG foamrheology is available.Summary of CO2 and N2 foam trendsobserved in literature:Fluid viscosity changes with foamquality (𝑥𝑥).Temperature impacts viscosity(increasing T decreases µ).Bubble size has minimal impact onfoam viscosity.Pressure has a small effect on foamviscosity.Foam viscosity is dominated byfoam quality and base fluidviscosity.‒‒‒‒ NG foam is expected to follow CO2and N2 foam trends.𝑥𝑥 % 𝑄𝑄̇ 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑄𝑄̇ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑄𝑄̇ 𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1005
BP2 work focused on constructing & operating atest facility to generate high pressure NG foamGoal 2: Evaluate FoamMixing NG should be disperseduniformly in base fluidRequires appropriate fluidchemistry AND mixingmethodGoal 1: NG Foam Rheology Goal 3: Pressure Transient Pressure transients canimpact compressionequipmentCompressibility of gas andaqueous phase is wellknown, foam compressibilityis unknownGenerate rheology dataNG foam rheology da
Direct Compression Process. 2. Verma, S., et al., “Novel Fracturing Process Utilizing Natural Gas,” presented at the AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA (November 1318, 2016).-3. Beck, G. and Verma, S., “Development and Field Testing Novel Natural Gas (NG) Surface Process Equipment for Replacement of Water as Primary Hydraulic Fracturing
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