Keystone Review - Colonial School District
Keystone ReviewModule B
BIO.B.1.1 – Describe the three stages of thecell cycle: interphase, nuclear division,cytokinesis. Describe the events that occur during thecell cycle: interphase, nuclear division,and cytokinesis. Compare the processes and outcomes ofmitotic and meiotic nuclear division.
Which statement BEST describes the phaseof the cell cycle shown?A.B.C.D.The cell is in prophase ofmitosis because thenumber of chromosomeshas doubled.The cell is in prophase I ofmeiosis because of thenumber of chromosomeshas doubled.The cell is in telophase ofmitosis because the cell isseparating and containstwo copies of eachchromosome.The cell is in telophase ofmeiosis because the cell isseparating and containstwo copies of each
Answer - CA.B.C.D.Incorrect - The cell is not in prophase. Thisis obvious as the cell contains two nuclei, acondition which only occurs in telophase.Incorrect - The cell is not in prophase. Thisis obvious as the cell contains two nuclei, acondition which only occurs in telophase.Correct - The cell is in telophase, which canbe seen from the two nuclei. Onlytelophase of mitosis includes two copies ofeach chromosome.Incorrect - The cell is in telophase, but inmeiosis each cell contains only 1 copy ofeach chromosome.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes by whichanimal and plant cells divide. Whichstatement best describes a differencebetween mitosis and meiosis?Meiosis is a multi-step process.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryoticcells.C. Meiosis is used in the repair of anorganism.D. Mitosis produces genetically identicaldaughter cells.A.B.
Answer - DIncorrect – both mitosis and meiosisare both multi-step processesB. Incorrect – mitosis occurs in bothprokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsC. Incorrect – meiosis producesgametes, it is not involved in therepair of organisms.D. Correct – mitosis producesgenetically identical cells; meiosisproduces genetically different cells.A.
Patau Syndrome can be a lethal geneticdisorder in mammals, resulting fromchromosomes failing to separate duringmeiosis.Part A: Identify the step during the processof meiosis when chromosomes wouldmost likely fail to separate.Part B: Describe how chromosomeseparation in meiosis is different fromchromosome separation in mitosis.Part C: Compare the effects of a disordercaused by chromosomes failing toseparate during meiosis, such as Patausyndrome, to the effects of chromosomesfailing to separate during mitosis.
Identify the step during the process of meiosiswhen chromosomes would most likely fail toseparate. Anaphase I or II are the most likely steps inwhich chromosomes would fail to separate.During Anaphase I, homolgous chromosomesare pulled to opposite sides of the cell. If thespindle fibers do not attach properly duringmetaphase, the homologous pairs will notseparate correctly. If the homologous pairsdo not separate, two will go into one cell.Anaphase II is the phase in which sisterchromatids are pulled to opposite sides of thecell. If sister chromatids fail to separate, twowill go into one gamete. If this gamete werefertilized it would result in a trisomy, such as
Describe how chromosome separation inmeiosis is different from chromosomeseparation in mitosis.There are two divisions within meiosis,meiosis I and meiosis II. Duringmeiosis I, chromosomes line up inhomologous pairs in order for the cellto be reduced from diploid to haploid.They then line up end to end inmeiosis II in order to separate sisterchromatids.In mitosis, chromosomes separate onlyonce. They line up end to end. Thisresults in two identical, diploid cells.
Compare the effects of a disorder caused bychromosomes failing to separate duringmeiosis, such as Patau syndrome, to theeffects of chromosomes failing to separateduring mitosis.When a mutation occurs during meiosis, theorganism in which the mutation occurs is notaffected. However, the disorder will bepassed to their offspring. Since all the cells inthe offspring begin with the two parentalgametes, every cell in the body of theoffspring will contain the mutation.When a mutation occurs during mitosis, theorganism in which the mutation occurs isaffected. However, the mutation will onlyoccur in the localized region in which themutated cell is found. It cannot be passed to
Which event most likely occursnext in mitosis?A. The chromatin condenses.B. The nuclear envelope dissolves.C. The chromosomes double in number.D. The cell membrane pinches inward todivide the cytoplasm.
Answer - DA. Incorrect - The condensing of thechromatin occurs during prophase at thebeginning of mitosis.B. Incorrect - The nuclear envelopedissolves after the chromatin condensesinto chromosomes during prophase.C. Incorrect - The chromosomes double innumber during the S phase, not duringmitosis.D. Correct: The next event would showtelophase, when the cell begins to separateinto two daughter cells.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animaland plant cells divide. Whichstatement best describes a difference betweenmitosis and meiosis?A. Meiosis is a multi-step process.B. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryoticcells.C. Meiosis is used in the repair of anorganism.D. Mitosis produces genetically identicaldaughter cells.
Answer - DA. Incorrect - Both meiosis and mitosis aremulti -step processes.B. Incorrect - Mitosis also takes place inprokaryotic cells.C. Incorrect - Meiosis generates gametesused in sexual reproduction.D. Correct - Cells produced through mitosiscontain DNA identical to the parent cells,whereas meiosis produces cells that arehaploid and often genetically different.
Bio.B.1.2 – Explain how geneticinformation is inherited. Describe how the process of DNAreplication results in the transmissionand/or conservation or geneticinformation.Explain the functional relationshipsbetween DNA, genes, alleles, andchromosomes and their roles ininheritance.
What process helps to preserve the geneticinformation stored in DNA during DNAreplication?The replacement of nitrogen basethymine with uracil.B. Enzymes quickly linking nitrogenbases with hydrogen bonds.C. The synthesis or unique sugar andphosphate molecules for eachnucleotide.D. Nucleotides lining up along thetemplate strand according to basepairing rules.A.
Answer: DA.B.C.D.Incorrect – DNA replication creates DNA,uracil is used only in RNAIncorrect – Nitrogen bases are linked withhydrogen bonds created by enzymes, butthis is not what preserves geneticinformation.Incorrect – the genetic information in DNA isstored in the order of the base pairs, not inthe sugar or phosphate.Correct – The template strand provides theenzymes with the correct nucleotide order.The order of the nucleotides is how thegenetic information is store.
In a flowering plant species, red flower color isdominant over white flower color. What is thegenotypes of any red-flowering plant resulting fromthis species?A. Red and white alleles present on onechromosomeB. Red and white alleles present on twochromosomesC. A red allele present on bothhomologous chromosomesD. A red allele present on at least oneof two homologous chromosomes.
Answer - DIncorrect – only one allele for each traitis present on each chromosome.B. Incorrect – since white alleles arerecessive, their presence is irrelevant.An organisms would be red if it had onered and one white allele, or two red andno white alleles.C. Incorrect – only one red allele is neededsince red is dominant.D. Correct – Since red is dominant, onlyone chromosome needs a red allele inorder for the plant to have red flowers.A.
BIO.B.2.1 – Compare Mendelian and nonMendelian patterns of inheritance. Describe and/or predict observedpatterns of inheritance (i.e. dominant,recessive, co-dominance, incompletedominance, sex-linked, polygenic, andmultiple alleles).Describe processes that can altercomposition or number ofchromosomes (ie. Crossing-over,nondisjunction, duplication,translocation, deletion, insertion, andinversion)
Genotype(s) PhenotypeiiOIAIA, IAiAIBIB, IBiBIAIBABA.B.C.D.phenotypes O or Aphenotypes A or ABphenotypes A, B, ABphenotypes O, A, B, AB
Answer: DA.B.C.D.IncorrectIncorrectIncorrectCorrect – all blood types arepossible. In all instances, an A or Oallele could possibly have beenpassed to the child and combine withthe A allele from the father.
A cattle farmer genetically crosses a cow (female) with awhite coat with a bull (male) with a red coat. The resultingcalf (offspring) is roan, which means there are red and whitehairs intermixed in the coat of the calf. The genes for coatcolor in cattle are co-dominant.What cross would produce only roanoffspring.B. Explain how a roan calf results from onewhite- and one red-coated parent. INyour explanation, use letters torepresent genes. Be sure to indicatewhat colors the letters represent.C. Predict the possible genotypes andphenotypes of the offspring producedfrom two roan cattle.A.
A. Answer: White and redB. A white parent and a red parentwould produce all roan offspring.Roan offspring are all heterozygous,containing one red and one whiteallele. Red cows are homozygous forred alleles- RR. White cows arehomozygous for white alleles -WW.Therefore, a red and a white cowwould produce all heterozygous (RW),roan offspring.
C. Answer Roan cows would produce 25% redcows (RR), 50% roan cows (RW), and25% white cows (WW)
Answer: DIncorrect – a deletion involves theremoval of a gene or genes from thechromosome.B. Incorrect – an insertion involves addinggenes to a chromosomeC. Incorrect – an inversion involvesrearranging genes on one chromosomeD. Correct – this image shows two differentsized chromosomes, indicating nonhomologous chromosomes. A portion ofone is being switched with a portion ofthe other. This is the definition ofA.
A scientist observes that a certain trait is determined by a singleallele. An organism inherited one version of the trait from oneparent and another version from the other parent. Both versions ofthe trait are expressed in the phenotype of the offspring. Whichpattern of inheritance best classifies the observed trait?A. dominanceB. sex-linkageC. co-dominanceD. incomplete dominance
Answer - CA. Incorrect - The pattern of inheritance does notreflect that one allele is dominant and the other isrecessive since both traits are expressed in theindividual.B. Incorrect - The information given does notprovide enough evidence for a sex-linkage patternof inheritance.C. Correct - The pattern of inheritance is bestdescribed as co-dominance because both traits arefully expressed in the phenotype of the individual.D. Incorrect - Since both versions of the trait areexpressed without a modification of the phenotypeexpressed, the pattern of inheritance is notincomplete dominance.
BIO.B.2.2 – Explain the process of proteinsynthesis (i.e. transcription, translation, andprotein modification). Describe how the processes oftranscription and translation aresimilar in all organisms.Describe the role of ribosomes,endoplasmic reticulum, Golgiapparatus, and the nucleus in theproduction of specific types ofproteins.
Which statement describes a cell process that is common to botheukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?A.B.C.D.Both cell types carry out transcription in the nucleus.Both cell types use ribosomes to carry out translation.Both cell types assemble amino acids to carry out transcription.Both cell types carry out translation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer - BIncorrect – prokaryotes lack anucleusB. Correct – both prokaryotes andeukaryotes carry out translation onribosomes.C. Incorrect – transcription does notinvolve amino acidsD. Incorrect – prokaryotes lackendoplasmic reticulum.A.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell,and it is often classified as rough or smooth, depending on whetherthere are ribosomes on its surface. Which statement best describesthe role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?A.B.C.D.It stores all proteins for later use.It provides an attachment site for larger organelles.It aids in the production of membrane and secretory proteins.It stores amino acids required for the production of all proteins.
Answer - CIncorrect – the endoplasmicreticulum is not a storage organelle.B. Incorrect – ribosomes, which aresmall organelles, attach to rough ERC. Correct – ribosomes are housed onthe rough ER. This is wheretranslation occurs.D. Incorrect – ER is not a storageorganelleA.
The bacterium Acetobacter aceti is found in acidic environments and has anacidiccytoplasm. For this reason, most of its proteins are able to function in acidicconditions. This property distinguishes Acetobacter aceti proteins from those ofmost other organisms. Which characteristic does Acetobacter aceti most likelyshare with other organisms?A. the method that the organism uses to reproduce itselfB. the physical and chemical responses to environmental changesC. the type of organelle used to produce energy for cellular functionsD. the process used to form proteins by transcription and translation
Answer - DA. Incorrect - Bacteria are prokaryotes andreproduce by binary fission; most organismsthat are eukaryotes reproduce by mitosis andmeiosis.B. Incorrect - Bacteria are prokaryotes, lackingmembrane-bound organelles, which respond tochanges in their environment differently thaneukaryotic cells.C. Incorrect - Bacteria are prokaryotes and donot have membrane-bound organelles, such asmitochondria that produce energy for eukaryoticcells.D. Correct - Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both
BIO.B.2.3 Explain how geneticinformation is expressed. Describe how genetic mutations alterthe DNA sequence and may or maynot affect phenotype (e.g. silent,nonsense, frameshift)
A genetic mutation resulted in a change in the sequence of aminoacids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed.Which statement best describes the genetic mutation?A. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of theorganism.B. It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype ofthe organism.C. It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the DNA of theorganism.D. It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the phenotypeof the organism.
Answer - AA. Correct – silent mutations changethe genetic code of the DNA, but donot result in changes to the proteinfunction. Therefore, the phenotypeof the organism is not affected.B. Incorrect – a silent mutation bydefinition does not changephenotypeC/D. Incorrect – a nonsense mutationtotally destroys protein function
A mutation occurs at the midpoint of a gene,altering all amino acids encoded after the point ofmutation. Which mutation could have produced thischange?A. deletion of two nucleotidesB. deletion of three nucleotidesC. insertion of six nucleotidesD. insertion of twelve nucleotides
Answer - AA. Correct - A deletion of two nucleotides will most likelycause a shift in the codon sequence that codes for anamino acid. This could cause a change in the sequenceof amino acids attached after the point of themutation.B. Incorrect - A deletion of three nucleotides will cause adeletion of the original amino acid in the protein but willnot cause a change in the rest of the amino-acidsequence.C. Incorrect - An insertion of six nucleotides will add twoadditional amino acids to the protein but will not cause achange in the rest of the amino-acid sequence.D. Incorrect - An insertion of twelve nucleotides will addfour additional amino acids to the protein but will notcause a change in the rest of the amino-acid sequence.
BIO.B.2.4 Apply scientific thinking, processes,tools, and technologies in the study ofgenetics. Explain how genetic engineering hasimpacted the fields of medicine,forensics, and agriculture (e.g.selective breeding, gene splicing,cloning, genetically modifiedorganisms, gene therapy)
Genetic engineering has led to genetically modified plants that resistinsect pests and bacterial and fungal infections. Which outcome wouldmost likely be a reason why some scientists recommend caution inplanting genetically modified plants?A.B.C.D.unplanned ecosystem interactionsreduced pesticide and herbicide useimproved agricultural yield and profitincreased genetic variation and diversity
Answer - AA.B.C.D.Correct – genetically modified plants mayspread their genes to wild plants duringpollination, which cannot be controlled in theoutdoor environment. This may result in genesfor resistance being spread into ecosystems,causing unintended results.Incorrect – this type of genetic engineeringreduces the use of pesticides and herbicides,but this is a positive effect.Incorrect – increasing resistance to pests wouldincrease yields, but this is a reason to plantthese plants.Incorrect – increased genetic diversityincreases survival of a species and is a positive
BIO.B.3.1 – Explain themechanisms of evolution. Explain how natural selection canimpact allele frequencies of apopulation.Describe factors that can contribute tothe development of new species (e.g.isolating mechanisms, genetic drift,founder effect, migration).Explain how genetic mutations mayresult in genotypic and phenotypicvariations within a population.
In North America, the eastern spotted skunk matesin late winter, and the western spotted skunk matesin late summer. Even though their geographicranges overlap, the species do not mate with eachother. What most likely prevents these two speciesfrom interbreeding?A.B.C.D.Habitat isolationGametic isolationGeographic isolationReproductive isolation
Answer – DA.B.C.D.Incorrect – these skunks share a geographicrange and likely share habitat. Habitat isolationinvolves species which share a range but notthe same habitatIncorrect – gametic isolation generally refers tospecies which send out gametesindiscriminately, such as pollen of treesIncorrect – geographic isolation involves twospecies whose ranges do not overlapCorrect – all of these choices are reproductiveisolation. These skunk species mate atdifferent times, which is an example of temporalisolation. This is the best answer as temporalisolation is a type of reproductive isolation.
A mutation occurs in the genes that code forcoat color in deer. Which change will mostlikely result from this mutation?A change in the selection pressuresacting on coat color.B. A change in the coat-color genes ofdeer predator speciesC. An increase in coat-color diversity inthe populationD. An increase in the number of genesfor coat color in the population.A.
Answer - CIncorrect – an additional coat color genewould not change selection pressures.B. Incorrect – a change in deer coat colorwill have no effect on the coat color ofpredator speciesC. Correct – an additional gene for coatcolor will definitely change the coat colordiversityD. Incorrect – a mutation will increase thenumber of alleles for the gene, but willnot create an entirely new geneA.
BIO.B.3.2 Analyze the sources ofevidence for biological evolution.A) Interpret evidence supporting thetheory of evolution (i.e. fossil,anatomical, physiological,embryological, biochemical, anduniversal genetic code.
The skeletons of mammalian forelimbs represent variationsof a structure that was present in their common ancestor.What has most likely caused the variation in forelimbs?Changes inmusclestructureB. Changes in thegenetic codeC. Trait formationdue tobehaviorsD. Development ofvestigialstructuresA.
Answer - CA.B.C.D.Incorrect – changes in muscle structure wouldnot cause the variation in forelimbs. It is morelikely bone structure changes would occur first.Correct – changes in the genetic codes wouldbe needed to make a change in phenotype.Incorrect- the only traits that can be inheritedare those that an organism is born with,therefore changes due to behaviors would notresult in skeletal changes. For example, if youdye your hair green, you will not give birth togreen-haired children.Incorrect – vestigial structures are those thatare present, but no longer used, in organisms.All of these organisms use their forelimbs.
The gene COII is in the genome of many organisms.A comparison of the number of base differencesbetween the COII gene in a rat and that of two otheranimals is shown.AnimalNumber of base differences from a ratMouse101Cow136Part A: Based on the data, describe a possible evolutionaryrelationship between rats, mice, and cows.Part B: Describe how different organisms having a common genesuch as COII supports the theory of evolution.Part C: The COII gene of a monkey has 203 base differences fromthe same gene in a rat and 201 base differences from the same genein a mouse. Compare the evolutionary relationships between themonkey, the rat, and the mouse.
AnswersPart A: Mice and rats are more closelyrelated than rats and cows. This canbe seen from the smaller number ofdifferences in the COII protein.Part B: Different organisms would nothave the same gene by chance. If twoorganisms share a gene, it is likelythat they shared a common ancestorwho passed the gene on to eachspecies.
Part C A rat and a mouse are more closelyrelated to each other than to amonkey. They have only 101 basedifference for the COII protein.The mouse is more closely related tothe cow than the rat, with a differenceof 201 bases rather than 203.
The frequency of an allele in a fly populationchanges from 89% to 20% after three generations.Which other events most likely occurred during thesame time period?A. an environmental change and a flypopulation increaseB. an environmental change and a flypopulation decreaseC. interbreeding of flies with an invasivespecies and fly population speciationD. interbreeding of flies with anestablished local species and flypopulation speciation
Answer - BA. Incorrect - An environmental change that did not favor theindividuals in the population with the allele most likely led to thechange in allele frequency; however, since the allele frequencydecreased by so much, there would had to have been adecrease in the population within a three-generation period oftime.B. Correct - An environmental change that did not favor theindividuals in the population with the allele most likely led to thechange in allele frequency; since the allele frequency decreasedby so much, there would had to have been a decrease in thepopulation within a three-generation period of time.C. Incorrect -Interbreeding between species is not likely to occurand can produce off spring that are not able to reproduce.Speciation would most likely need more than three generationsto occur.D. Incorrect - Interbreeding between species is not likely to occurand can produce off spring that are not able to reproduce.
BIO.B.3.3 Apply scientific thinking, processes, tools,and technologies in the study of the theory ofevolution.A. Distinguish between the scientificterms: hypothesis, inference, law,theory, principle, fact, and observation.
A group of students measured a ten-square-metersection of a pond ecosystem and recordedobservations. Which statement is a testablehypothesis?QuantitativeQualitative37 fish and 3 frogsLeaves lie on the bottom of the pond2 types of aquatic grassWater insects move along the water’s surface12 small rocks and 1 medium rockAll 3 frogs are sitting on a pondbanksandA.B.C.D.The frogs living in the pond represent a population.Water is an abiotic component in the pond ecosystemIf the fish are given more food, then they will behappier.If the frogs are startled, then they will jump into thewater.
Answer: DIncorrect – this is not a testablehypothesis, it is simply a fact that thefrogs living in that pond are definedas a population.B. Incorrect – also not a testablehypothesisC. Incorrect – it is not possible to judgethe happiness of fishD. Correct – it is possible to set up anexperiment to see the response offrogs to sudden stimuliA.
BIO.B.4.1- Describe ecologicallevels of organization in thebiosphere.Describe the levels of ecologicalorganization (i.e. organism,population, community, ecosystem,biome, and biosphere).B. Describe characteristic biotic andabiotic components of aquatic andterrestrial ecosystems.A.
A student wrote several observations in a fieldnotebook. Which term best classifies all of thestudent’s observations?Observations: 2 grey wolves, 5 moose, severalspecies of conifer trees, large granite rock, shallowpondA.B.C.D.PopulationFood chainEcosystemCommunity
Answer: CIncorrect – a population is a group oforganisms belonging to the samespecies living in the same time andplace.B. Incorrect – a food chain contains onlyorganisms, not abiotic factorsC. Correct – an ecosystem contains boththe biotic and abiotic factors in an areaD. Incorrect – a community is all the livingspecies in a particular area at aparticular timeA.
A researcher observing an ecosystem describes theamount of sunlight, precipitation, and type of soilpresent. Which factor is the researcher most likelydescribing?A. biotic factors in a forestB. Biotic factors in a tundraC. Abiotic factors in a prairieD. Abiotic factors in an ocean
Answer - CA or B. Incorrect – the factors describedare abiotic, not bioticC. Correct – the abiotic factors listedinclude soil, making this the only likelyoption.D. Incorrect – the abiotic factors listedinclude soil, which is not likely to bedescribed in an ocean environment.
Which sequence correctly describes the flowof energy between organisms in the marinefood web?From seals topenguins to krillB. From whales tokrill to small fishC. From sea birds toseals to penguinsD. From small fish topenguins to sealsA.
Answer - DA. Incorrect – the arrows in the foodweb show the flow of energy. Energyflows from krill to penguins to sealsB. Incorrect – again, this is the reverseof the energy flow shown in the diagramC. Incorrect – the arrows show thatseals eat penguins, penguins do not eatsealsD. Correct – the arrows show thatenergy does flow from fish to penguinsto seals.
A species of snapping turtles has a tongue thatresembles a worm. The tongue is used to attractsmall fish. Which best describes the interactionbetween the fish and the snapping turtle?A. PredationB. SymbiosisC. ParasitismD. competition
Answer - AA.B.C.D.Correct – the snapping turtle is a predatorwhich eats fish.Incorrect – predation is not a type ofsymbiosis. Symbiosis indicates a long-termrelationship between two organismsIncorrect – parasitism involves one speciesliving off of another and harming it, not justeating it wholeIncorrect – competition involves two speciesrequiring the same resource. In thisinstance, the snapping turtle and the fish arenot after the same resource
BIO.B.4.2 – Describe interactions andrelationships in an ecosystemA.B.C.D.Describe how matter recycles through anecosystem (i.e. water cycle, carbon cycle,oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle).Describe how ecosystems change inresponse to natural and human disturbances(e.g. climate changes, introduction ofnonnative species, pollution, fires).Describe the effects of limiting factors onpopulation dynamics and potential speciesextinction.Describe the effects of limiting factors onpopulation dynamics and potential speciesextinction.
Which statement correctly describes hownitrogen in the soil returns to the atmosphere?Soil bacteria convert nitrates intonitrogen gas.B. Decomposers directly convertammonium into nitrogen gas.C. Plants assimilate nitrites and convertthem into nitrogen gas.D. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant rootsconvert nitrates into nitrogen gas.A.
Answer - ACorrect - Soil bacteria convert nitratesinto nitrogen gas in a process known asdenitrification.B. Incorrect – decomposers make nitrogenavailable to producers, but do notconvert it into gas.C. Incorrect – plants only release nitrogenwhen they are decomposedD. Incorrect – nitrogen fixation removesnitrogen from the atmosphere.A.
Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers into lakes andstreams. This runoff can cause algae populationsto greatly increase. Which effect does this changein the algae population sizes most likely have onaffected lakes and streams?An increase in water levelAn increase in water clarityA reduction in dissolved oxygenneeded by fish and shellfishD. A reduction in temperature variationsnear the water’s surfaceA.B.C.
Answer - CA.B.C.D.Incorrect – an algal bloom will have no effecton water levelIncorrect – an algal bloom will decreaseclarityCorrect – algal blooms lead toeutrophication, a process in which algae dieand decompose. This leads to the removalof large quantities of oxygen to the water.Eventually, even decomposition stops andthe body of water is filled with halfdecomposed algaeIncorrect – this would have no effect ontemperature.
A farmer observed that an increase in a field’s soilnitrogen content was followed by an increase inproducer productivity. What does this observationmost likely indicate about the relationship betweennitrogen and the producers in the field?A.B.C.D.Nitrogen was a biotic factorNitrogen was a limiting factorNitrogen became a surplus resourceNitrogen became a selectionpressure
Answer - BA.B.C.D.Incorrect – nitrogen is an abiotic factorCorrect – a limiting factor is something requiredfor an ecosystem to maintain growth. When it isabsent, growth stops. In this instance, theprimary productivity increased with theapplication of nitrogen, indicating that it was thefactor preventing growth in the ecosystem.Incorrect – nitrogen would not have caused anincrease in productivity if it was a surplusresource.Incorrect – there is nothing being selected on inthis example. Selection pressure indicatesevolution, which has nothing to do with thisexample.
Isle Royale is located in Lake Superior. Isle Royale ishome to populations of wolves and moose. Theinteractions between the wolves and moose, as well asthe individual population sizes, have been studied since1958. The graph shows the population sizes over tim
Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis is a multi-step process. B. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells. C. Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism.
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