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ESP32 on 3.3Espressif SystemsCopyright 2020www.espressif.com

About This GuideThis document provides the specifications of ESP32 family of chips.Document UpdatesPlease always refer to the latest version on ments.Revision HistoryFor any changes to this document over time, please refer to the last page.Documentation Change NotificationEspressif provides email notifications to keep customers updated on changes to technical documentation. Pleasesubscribe at ad certificates for Espressif products from www.espressif.com/en/certificates.Disclaimer and Copyright NoticeInformation in this document, including URL references, is subject to change without notice. THIS DOCUMENT ISPROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISEARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE.All liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this document is disclaimed. No licenses express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rightsare granted herein. The Wi-Fi Alliance Member logo is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Bluetooth logo is aregistered trademark of Bluetooth SIG.All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this document are property of their respectiveowners, and are hereby acknowledged.Copyright 2020 Espressif Inc. All rights reserved.

Contents1 Overview11.11Featured Solutions1.1.1 Ultra-Low-Power Solution11.1.2 Complete Integration Solution11.2Wi-Fi Key Features11.3BT Key Features21.4MCU and Advanced Features21.4.1 CPU and Memory21.4.2 Clocks and Timers31.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces31.4.4 Security31.5Applications (A Non-exhaustive List)41.6Block Diagram52 Pin Definitions62.1Pin Layout62.2Pin Description72.3Power Scheme92.4Strapping Pins103 Functional Description133.1133.23.33.43.53.6CPU and Memory3.1.1 CPU133.1.2 Internal Memory133.1.3 External Flash and SRAM143.1.4 Memory Map14Timers and Watchdogs163.2.1 64-bit Timers163.2.2 Watchdog Timers16System Clocks173.3.1 CPU Clock173.3.2 RTC Clock173.3.3 Audio PLL Clock17Radio173.4.1 2.4 GHz Receiver183.4.2 2.4 GHz Transmitter183.4.3 Clock Generator18Wi-Fi183.5.1 Wi-Fi Radio and Baseband193.5.2 Wi-Fi MAC19Bluetooth193.6.1 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband193.6.2 Bluetooth Interface20

3.73.6.3 Bluetooth Stack203.6.4 Bluetooth Link Controller20RTC and Low-Power Management214 Peripherals and Sensors234.1234.2Descriptions of Peripherals and Sensors4.1.1 General Purpose Input / Output Interface (GPIO)234.1.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)234.1.3 Hall Sensor244.1.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)244.1.5 Touch Sensor244.1.6 Ultra-Low-Power Co-processor244.1.7 Ethernet MAC Interface254.1.8 SD/SDIO/MMC Host Controller254.1.9 SDIO/SPI Slave Controller254.1.10 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)264.1.11 I²C Interface264.1.12 I²S Interface264.1.13 Infrared Remote Controller264.1.14 Pulse Counter264.1.15 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)274.1.16 LED PWM274.1.17 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)274.1.18 Accelerator27Peripheral Pin Configurations285 Electrical Characteristics335.1Absolute Maximum Ratings335.2Recommended Operating Conditions335.3DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 C)345.4Reliability Qualifications345.5RF Power-Consumption Specifications355.6Wi-Fi Radio35Bluetooth Radio365.75.85.7.1 Receiver – Basic Data Rate365.7.2 Transmitter – Basic Data Rate365.7.3 Receiver – Enhanced Data Rate375.7.4 Transmitter – Enhanced Data Rate37Bluetooth LE Radio385.8.1 Receiver385.8.2 Transmitter386 Package Information407 Part Number and Ordering Information41

8 Learning Resources428.1Must-Read Documents428.2Must-Have Resources42Appendix A – ESP32 Pin Lists43A.1. Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists43A.2. GPIO Matrix45A.3. Ethernet MAC50A.4. IO MUX50Revision History52

List of Tables1Pin Description72Description of ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing Parameters103Strapping Pins114Parameter Descriptions of Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin125Memory and Peripheral Mapping156Power Consumption by Power Modes217ADC Characteristics238ADC Calibration Results249Capacitive-Sensing GPIOs Available on ESP322410Peripheral Pin Configurations2811Absolute Maximum Ratings3312Recommended Operating Conditions3313DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 C)3414Reliability Qualifications3415RF Power-Consumption Specifications3516Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics3517Receiver Characteristics – Basic Data Rate3618Transmitter Characteristics – Basic Data Rate3619Receiver Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate3720Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate3721Receiver Characteristics – BLE3822Transmitter Characteristics – BLE3823ESP32 Ordering Information4124Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists4325GPIO Matrix4526Ethernet MAC50

List of Figures1Functional Block Diagram52ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 6*6, Top View)63ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 5*5, Top View)74ESP32 Power Scheme95ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing106Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin127Address Mapping Structure148QFN48 (6x6 mm) Package409QFN48 (5x5 mm) Package4010ESP32 Part Number41

1. Overview1. OverviewESP32 is a single 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth combo chip designed with the TSMC ultra-low-power 40 nmtechnology. It is designed to achieve the best power and RF performance, showing robustness, versatility andreliability in a wide variety of applications and power scenarios.The ESP32 series of chips includes ESP32-D0WD-V3, ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3, ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D0WDQ6,ESP32-D2WD, and ESP32-S0WD, among which, ESP32-D0WD-V3 and and ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3 are based onECO V3 wafer.For details on part numbers and ordering information, please refer to Section 7.For details on ECO V3 instructions, please refer to ESP32 ECO V3 User Guide.1.1 Featured Solutions1.1.1 Ultra-Low-Power SolutionESP32 is designed for mobile, wearable electronics, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. It features all thestate-of-the-art characteristics of low-power chips, including fine-grained clock gating, multiple power modes, anddynamic power scaling. For instance, in a low-power IoT sensor hub application scenario, ESP32 is woken upperiodically and only when a specified condition is detected. Low-duty cycle is used to minimize the amount ofenergy that the chip expends. The output of the power amplifier is also adjustable, thus contributing to an optimaltrade-off between communication range, data rate and power consumption.Note:For more information, refer to Section 3.7 RTC and Low-Power Management.1.1.2 Complete Integration SolutionESP32 is a highly-integrated solution for Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth IoT applications, with around 20 external components. ESP32 integrates an antenna switch, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters,and power management modules. As such, the entire solution occupies minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB)area.ESP32 uses CMOS for single-chip fully-integrated radio and baseband, while also integrating advanced calibrationcircuitries that allow the solution to remove external circuit imperfections or adjust to changes in external conditions. As such, the mass production of ESP32 solutions does not require expensive and specialized Wi-Fi testingequipment.1.2 Wi-Fi Key Features 802.11 b/g/n 802.11 n (2.4 GHz), up to 150 Mbps WMM TX/RX A-MPDU, RX A-MSDUEspressif Systems1Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

1. Overview Immediate Block ACK Defragmentation Automatic Beacon monitoring (hardware TSF) 4 virtual Wi-Fi interfaces Simultaneous support for Infrastructure Station, SoftAP, and Promiscuous modesNote that when ESP32 is in Station mode, performing a scan, the SoftAP channel will be changed. Antenna diversityNote:For more information, please refer to Section 3.5 Wi-Fi.1.3 BT Key Features Compliant with Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specifications Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter without external power amplifier Enhanced Power Control 12 dBm transmitting power NZIF receiver with –97 dBm BLE sensitivity Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) Standard HCI based on SDIO/SPI/UART High-speed UART HCI, up to 4 Mbps Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR BLE dual mode controller Synchronous Connection-Oriented/Extended (SCO/eSCO) CVSD and SBC for audio codec Bluetooth Piconet and Scatternet Multi-connections in Classic BT and BLE Simultaneous advertising and scanning1.4 MCU and Advanced Features1.4.1 CPU and Memory Xtensa single-/dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor(s), up to 600 MIPS (200 MIPS for ESP32-S0WD, 400MIPS for ESP32-D2WD) 448 KB ROM 520 KB SRAM 16 KB SRAM in RTC QSPI supports multiple flash/SRAM chipsEspressif Systems2Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

1. Overview1.4.2 Clocks and Timers Internal 8 MHz oscillator with calibration Internal RC oscillator with calibration External 2 MHz 60 MHz crystal oscillator (40 MHz only for Wi-Fi/BT functionality) External 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC with calibration Two timer groups, including 2 64-bit timers and 1 main watchdog in each group One RTC timer RTC watchdog1.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces 34 programmable GPIOs 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels 2 8-bit DAC 10 touch sensors 4 SPI 2 I²S 2 I²C 3 UART 1 host (SD/eMMC/SDIO) 1 slave (SDIO/SPI) Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 support CAN 2.0 IR (TX/RX) Motor PWM LED PWM up to 16 channels Hall sensor1.4.4 Security Secure boot Flash encryption 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers Cryptographic hardware acceleration:– AES– Hash (SHA-2)– RSAEspressif Systems3Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

1. Overview– ECC– Random Number Generator (RNG)1.5 Applications (A Non-exhaustive List)– Agriculture robotics Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hub Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers Audio Applications Cameras for Video Streaming– Internet music players Over-the-top (OTT) Devices– Live streaming devices Speech Recognition– Internet radio players Image Recognition– Audio headsets Mesh Network Health Care Applications– Health monitoring Home Automation– Light control– Baby monitors– Smart plugs Wi-Fi-enabled Toys– Smart door locks– Remote control toys– Proximity sensing toys Smart Building– Smart lighting– Educational toys– Energy monitoring Wearable Electronics– Smart watches Industrial Automation– Industrial wireless control– Smart bracelets– Industrial robotics Retail & Catering Applications– POS machines Smart Agriculture– Smart greenhouses– Service robots– Smart irrigationEspressif Systems4Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

1. Overview1.6 Block andWi-Fi tchEmbedded FlashRFtransmitSDIOUARTCANETHCore and memory2 or 1 x Xtensa 32bit LX6 MicroprocessorsROMCryptographic hardwareaccelerationSRAMIRPWMSHARSAAESRNGRTCTouch sensorDACULPco-processorPMURecoverymemoryADCFigure 1: Functional Block DiagramNote:Products in the ESP32 series differ from each other in terms of their support for embedded flash and the number of CPUsthey have. For details, please refer to Part Number and Ordering Information.Espressif Systems5Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

2. Pin Definitions2. Pin DefinitionsCAP1CAP2VDDAXTAL PXTAL NVDDAGPIO21U0TXDU0RXDGPIO22GPIO19VDD3P3 CPU4847464544434241403938372.1 Pin LayoutVDDA136GPIO23LNA IN235GPIO18VDD3P3334GPIO5VDD3P3433SD DATA 1SENSOR VP532SD DATA 0SENSOR CAPP631SD CLKSENSOR CAPN730SD CMDSENSOR VN829SD DATA 3CHIP PU928SD DATA 2VDET 11027GPIO17VDET 21126VDD SDIO32K K17MTMS1916GPIO27VDD3P3 RTC1514GPIO25GPIO261332K XNESP3249 GNDFigure 2: ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 6*6, Top View)Espressif Systems6Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

CAP1CAP2VDDAXTAL PXTAL NVDDAGPIO21U0TXDU0RXDGPIO22484746454443424140392. Pin DefinitionsVDDA138GPIO19LNA IN237VDD3P3 CPUVDD3P3336GPIO23VDD3P3435GPIO18SENSOR VP534GPIO5SENSOR CAPP633SD DATA 1SENSOR CAPN732SD DATA 0SENSOR VN831SD CLKCHIP PU930SD CMDVDET 11029SD DATA 3VDET 21128SD DATA 232K XP1227GPIO1732K XN1326VDD 27MTMSMTDIVDD3P3 RTCMTCKMTDOGPIO2GPIO0GPIO4ESP3249 GNDFigure 3: ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 5*5, Top View)Note:For details on ESP32’s part numbers and the corresponding packaging, please refer to Part Number and Ordering Information.2.2 Pin DescriptionTable 1: Pin DescriptionNameNo.Type FunctionVDDA1PAnalog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V)LNA IN2I/ORF input and outputVDD3P33PAnalog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V)VDD3P34PAnalog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V)SENSOR VP5IGPIO36, ADC1 CH0,RTC GPIO0SENSOR CAPP6IGPIO37, ADC1 CH1,RTC GPIO1SENSOR CAPN7IGPIO38, ADC1 CH2,RTC GPIO2SENSOR VN8IGPIO39, ADC1 CH3,RTC GPIO3AnalogVDD3P3 RTCEspressif Systems7Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

2. Pin DefinitionsNameNo.Type FunctionCHIP PU9IVDET 110IGPIO34, ADC1 CH6,RTC GPIO4VDET 211IGPIO35, ADC1 CH7,RTC GPIO532K XP12I/OGPIO32, ADC1 CH4,RTC GPIO9,TOUCH9,32K XP (32.768 kHz crystal oscillator input)32K XN13I/OGPIO33, ADC1 CH5,RTC GPIO8,TOUCH8,32K XN (32.768 kHz crystal oscillator output)GPIO2514I/OGPIO25, ADC2 CH8,RTC GPIO6,DAC 1,EMAC RXD0GPIO2615I/OGPIO26, ADC2 CH9,RTC GPIO7,DAC 2,GPIO2716I/OGPIO27, ADC2 CH7,RTC GPIO17, TOUCH7,EMAC RX DVMTMS17I/OGPIO14, ADC2 CH6,RTC GPIO16, TOUCH6,EMAC TXD2,HSPICLK,HS2 CLK,MTDI18I/OGPIO12, ADC2 CH5,RTC GPIO15, TOUCH5,EMAC TXD3,HSPIQ,HS2 DATA2, SD DATA2, MTDIVDD3P3 RTC19PInput power supply for RTC IO (2.3 V – 3.6 V)MTCK20I/OGPIO13, ADC2 CH4,RTC GPIO14, TOUCH4,EMAC RX ER, HSPID,HS2 DATA3, SD DATA3, MTCKMTDO21I/OGPIO15, ADC2 CH3,RTC GPIO13, TOUCH3,EMAC RXD3,HSPICS0,HS2 CMD,GPIO222I/OGPIO2,ADC2 CH2,RTC GPIO12, TOUCH2,HSPIWP,HS2 DATA0, SD DATA0GPIO023I/OGPIO0,ADC2 CH1,RTC GPIO11, TOUCH1,EMAC TX CLK, CLK OUT1,GPIO424I/OGPIO4,ADC2 CH0,RTC GPIO10, TOUCH0,EMAC TX ER, HSPIHD,High: On; enables the chipLow: Off; the chip powers offNote: Do not leave the CHIP PU pin floating.EMAC RXD1SD CLK,SD CMD,HS2 DATA1, SD DATA1VDD SDIOGPIO1625I/OGPIO16, HS1 DATA4,VDD SDIO26POutput power supply: 1.8 V or the same voltage as VDD3P3 RTCU2RXD,EMAC CLK OUTGPIO1727I/OGPIO17, HS1 DATA5,U2TXD,EMAC CLK OUT 180SD DATA 228I/OGPIO9,HS1 DATA2,U1RXD,SD DATA2, SPIHDSD DATA 329I/OGPIO10, HS1 DATA3,U1TXD,SD DATA3, SPIWPSD CMD30I/OGPIO11, HS1 CMD,U1RTS,SD CMD,SPICS0SD CLK31I/OGPIO6,HS1 CLK,U1CTS,SD CLK,SPICLKSD DATA 032I/OGPIO7,HS1 DATA0,U2RTS,SD DATA0, SPIQSD DATA 133I/OGPIO8,HS1 DATA1,U2CTS,SD DATA1, SPIDVDD3P3 CPUGPIO534I/OGPIO5,HS1 DATA6,VSPICS0,GPIO1835I/OGPIO18, HS1 DATA7,VSPICLKEMAC RX CLKGPIO2336I/OGPIO23, HS1 STROBE, VSPIDVDD3P3 CPU37PInput power supply for CPU IO (1.8 V – 3.6 V)GPIO1938I/OGPIO19, U0CTS,VSPIQ,EMAC TXD0GPIO2239I/OGPIO22, U0RTS,VSPIWP,EMAC TXD1U0RXD40I/OGPIO3,U0RXD,CLK OUT2U0TXD41I/OGPIO1,U0TXD,CLK OUT3,EMAC RXD2GPIO2142I/OGPIO21,VSPIHD,EMAC TX ENVDDA43PAnalog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V)XTAL N44OExternal crystal outputXTAL P45IExternal crystal inputVDDA46PAnalog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V)CAP247IConnects to a 3 nF capacitor and 20 kΩ resistor in parallel to CAP1CAP148IConnects to a 10 nF series capacitor to groundGND49PGroundAnalogEspressif Systems8Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3MTMSMTDO

2. Pin DefinitionsNote: The pin-pin mapping between ESP32-D2WD and the embedded flash is as follows: GPIO16 CS#, GPIO17 IO1/DO, SD CMD IO3/HOLD#, SD CLK CLK, SD DATA 0 IO2/WP#, SD DATA 1 IO0/DI. The pins usedfor embedded flash are not recommended for other uses. In most cases, the data port connection between ESP32 series of chips other than ESP32-D2WD and external flash is as follows: SD DATA0/SPIQ IO1/DO, SD DATA1/SPID IO0/DI, SD DATA2/SPIHD IO3/HOLD#,SD DATA3/SPIWP IO2/WP#. For a quick reference guide to using the IO MUX, Ethernet MAC, and GIPO Matrix pins of ESP32, please refer toAppendix ESP32 Pin Lists.2.3 Power SchemeESP32’s digital pins are divided into three different power domains: VDD3P3 RTC VDD3P3 CPU VDD SDIOVDD3P3 RTC is also the input power supply for RTC and CPU.VDD3P3 CPU is also the input power supply for CPU.VDD SDIO connects to the output of an internal LDO whose input is VDD3P3 RTC. When VDD SDIO is connectedto the same PCB net together with VDD3P3 RTC, the internal LDO is disabled automatically. The power schemediagram is shown below:VDD3P3 RTC1.8 VLDOLDO1.1 VVDD3P3 CPULDO1.1 VVDD SDIO3.3 V/1.8 VSDIORTCCPUDomainDomainDomainFigure 4: ESP32 Power SchemeThe internal LDO can be configured as having 1.8 V, or the same voltage as VDD3P3 RTC. It can be powered offvia software to minimize the current of flash/SRAM during the Deep-sleep mode.Notes on CHIP PU: The illustration below shows the ESP32 power-up and reset timing. Details about the parameters are listedin Table 2.Espressif Systems9Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

2. Pin Definitionst0t1VDD3P3 RTC MinVDDVIL nRSTCHIP PUFigure 5: ESP32 Power-up and Reset TimingTable 2: Description of ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing ParametersParameterst0t1DescriptionTime between the 3.3 V rails being brought up and CHIP PU beingactivatedDuration of CHIP PU signal level VIL nRST (refer to its value inTable 13 DC Characteristics) to reset the chipMin.Unit50µs50µs In scenarios where ESP32 is powered on and off repeatedly by switching the power rails, while there is alarge capacitor on the VDD33 rail and CHIP PU and VDD33 are connected, simply switching off the CHIP PUpower rail and immediately switching it back on may cause an incomplete power discharge cycle and failureto reset the chip adequately.An additional discharge circuit may be required to accelerate the discharge of the large capacitor on railVDD33, which will ensure proper power-on-reset when the ESP32 is powered up again. Please find thedischarge circuit in Figure ESP32-WROOM-32 Peripheral Schematics, in ESP32-WROOM-32 Datasheet. When a battery is used as the power supply for the ESP32 series of chips and modules, a supply voltagesupervisor is recommended, so that a boot failure due to low voltage is avoided. Users are recommendedto pull CHIP PU low if the power supply for ESP32 is below 2.3 V. For the reset circuit, please refer to FigureESP32-WROOM-32 Peripheral Schematics, in ESP32-WROOM-32 Datasheet.Notes on power supply: The operating voltage of ESP32 ranges from 2.3 V to 3.6 V. When using a single-power supply, the recommended voltage of the power supply is 3.3 V, and its recommended output current is 500 mA or more. When VDD SDIO 1.8 V is used as the power supply for external flash/PSRAM, a 2-kohm grounding resistorshould be added to VDD SDIO. For the circuit design, please refer to Figure ESP32-WROVER Schematics,in ESP32-WROVER Datasheet. When the three digital power supplies are used to drive peripherals, e.g., 3.3 V flash, they should complywith the peripherals’ specifications.2.4 Strapping PinsThere are five strapping pins: MTDI GPIO0Espressif Systems10Submit Documentation FeedbackESP32 Datasheet V3.3

2. Pin Definitions GPIO2 MTDO GPIO5Software can read the values of these five bits from register ”GPIO STRAPPING”.During the chip’s system reset release (power-on-reset, RTC watchdog reset and brownout reset), the latchesof the strapping pins sample the voltage level as strapping bits of ”0” or ”1”, and hold these bits until the chipis powered down or shut down. The strapping bits configure the device’s boot mode, the operating voltage ofVDD SDIO and other initial system settings.Each strapping pin is connected to its internal pull-up/pull-down during the chip reset. Consequently, if a strappingpin is unconnected or the connected external circuit is high-impedance, the internal weak pull-up/pull-down willde

The ESP32 strong series /strong of chips includes ESP32-D0WD-V3, ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3, ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D0WDQ6, ESP32-D2WD, and ESP32-S0WD, among which, ESP32-D0WD-V3 and and ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3 are based on . strong Espressif /strong Systems 4 Submit Documentation Feedback ESP32 Datasheet V3.3. 1.Overview 1.6 Block Diagram Core and memory ROM Cryptographic hardware acceleration .

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Asset Management. Authors: Dr James Hawley Jon Lukomnik. March 2018. 2 3. Authors. Dr. James Hawley, also known as Jim, is currently Head of Applied Research at TruValue Labs. He has been with TrueValue Labs since its . inception in May 2013. Dr. Hawley was appointed Professor Emeritus Saint Mary’s College in June 2017. He is an expert on corporate governance, institutional investors and .