The Future Of The Auto Industry: An OEM Perspective
The Future of the Auto Industry: An OEM PerspectiveBritta K. GrossGeneral MotorsAugust 16, 2017Tampa Convention Center Tampa, Florida
Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs):Includes PHEVs, EREVs and BEVsPHEVEREVBEVPlug-in HybridElectric VehicleElectric Vehicle with“Extended-Range”Battery ElectricVehicleChryslerPacifica HybridPrius PrimeChevrolet VoltChevy Bolt EVNissan LeafFord C-MAXEnergiFord FusionEnergi10-30 EV milesCadillac CT640-60 EV milesTesla S80-250 EV milesBMW i3
The Importance of 40 miles of Daily Electric Driving78% of customerscommute 40 milesor less dailyBased on U.S. Department of Transportation 2003 Omnibus Household SurveyWhy Target 40 Miles?40 Miles Is the Key to Daily Driving
1st to 2nd Generation EREV Improvements: Chevrolet Volt1st Gen Volt383823716.543.4 sec*9 sec2733.380%900* EdmundsMetricEV Range (miles)Total Range (EV gas miles)Fuel Economy (gas mpg)Battery (kWh)Passenger Capacity0 to 300 to 60Torque (ft-lb)Charger (kW)EV-only TripsMiles between gas fill-ups2nd Gen Volt534204118.452.6 sec8.4 sec2943.690% (exp)1000 (exp)Gen 1 VoltGen 2 Volt
1st to 2nd Generation BEV Improvements: Chevrolet Bolt EV1st Gen EV(Spark EV)82 miles19 kWh486.3 ft³3 sec7.2 sec3.3 kW3 statesMetricEV RangeBatteryPassenger CapacityPassenger Volume0 to 300 to 60ChargerAvailability2nd Gen EV(Bolt EV)238 miles60 kWh594.4 ft³ 3 77.2 kW50 statesChevrolet Spark EVChevrolet Bolt EV
Bolt EVs at GM’s Lake Orion Assembly Plant (MI)7 2017 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Robust EV Market Benefits Everyone at scale Individual Benefits– Quiet and exciting ride & handling– Fuel savings– Ability to “fill up” at home Societal Benefits– Economy (local spending, local jobs)– Environment (local air, climate) Utility / Grid Benefits– Load growth that’s “flexible”– Renewable energy integration– Downward pressure on ratesScale Matters !
A Robust EV Market Benefits Everyone at scale Individual Benefits– Quiet and exciting ride & handling– Fuel savings– Ability to “fill up” at home Societal Benefits– Economy (local spending, local jobs)– Environment (local air, climate) Utility / Grid Benefits– Load growth that’s “flexible”– Renewable energy integration– Downward pressure on ratesData source: DOE’s INL EV Project Reports - https://avt.inl.gov/content/pubs-az#EVolt data4%39%Leaf data3%32%57%65%w/ Workplace Charging11%89%8%92%w/ Workplace Charging, butnon-work days
EV Awareness – 2 Key FindingsJuly 2016 Market survey of2,562 respondents(nationwide)2 Key Findings: 60% know little/nothingabout EVs Of the 27% that knowsomething about EVs, 85%would not consider an EVbecause there is not enoughEV infrastructure(Next reasons were expense andtime-to-charge)
MAVEN CITYRound-Trip Car SharingNUMBER OF CITIES14 and countingAVERAGE TRIPS 14 Hours 80 MilesFAVORITE CARSChevrolet VoltChevrolet Tahoe14MAVEN HOME MAVEN GIGExclusive closedcommunity car-sharingAVAILABLE INResidences in DC, SanFrancisco growing.(Multiple non-exclusiveproperties as well)AVALIABLE TO 8,000 Residents andcountingSolutions for the GigEconomy – Ridesharing,Delivery Services.Short-term rentalincludes vehicle,maintenance, insurance.AVAILABLE IN11 CitiesMILES DRIVEN143 Million
CITY HOME BUSINESS Program designed, in part, to help new drivers and newriders get exposure to EVs Ride-sharing drivers typically do not have charging athome, so they must leverage public charging Building confidence through the infrastructure network(among other things) is critical for long-term successGIG / BOLT EV MILEAGE 1.4 million miles driven10% 238 MILES IN A DAY (Battery Capacity)INSTANCES 400 MILES IN A DAY64GIG / BOLT EV CHARGINGTotal DCFC Events 14,000Total kWh 400,000GIG / BOLT EV RIDERS 140,00011 Aug 2017Since Early Feb 2017
14mil investment in Cruise Automation Expanding 50-vehicle Bolt EV fleet of self-driving vehicles to 180 Operating in San Francisco, Scottsdale, AZ, and in the Detroit area
GM / EPRI / Utility Collaboration: Largest existing auto-utility collaborative effort -- formed in 2007 Over 50 utility members and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Focus areas: Aligned Messaging and Policy Priorities, Customer Outreach and Infrastructure, Vehicleto-Grid Technology, New Business OpportunitiesBC HydroSnohomish County PUD No. 1Seattle City LightAvista Corp.Portland General ElectricPacifiCorpManitoba HydroHydro-QuébecNY ISOCentral HudsonGreat River EnergyHydro OneUPPCONortheast UtilitiesDairyland PowerLBW&L Rochester G&E United IlluminatingNYPAConEd NStarWe Energies CMS EnWinNationalGrid / LIPAMadison G&E DTEPJMNebraska Public Power Dist. WPSPSEGFirstEnergyI&MConstellation EnergyPECOLincoln Electric ComEdNV EnergyAEPExelonHetch Hetchy W&PPepcoTri-State G&TSMUDGreat Plains Energy Hoosier icesDuke EnergyPowerSCEProgress EnergySalt River ProjectLADWPTennessee Valley AuthorityArizona Public ServiceOGEArkansasSDG&EPSO Electric Coop Southern Company TEPGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSWEPCOAlabama PowerOncorJEAGulf PowerProgressAustin EnergyEntergyGolden ValleyEnergyCenterPoint EnergyTECO OUCElectric Assn.CPS EnergyFPLHawaiian Electric Co.
DC Fast-Charging: Major GapsU.S. : 1,156 SAE DCFCSource: https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity locations.html
DC Fast-Charging: Major GapsMichigan: 13 SAE DCFCFlorida: 55 SAE DCFCTexas: 54 SAE DCFC
DC Fast-Charging: Major GapsMichigan: 13 SAE DCFCFlorida: 55 SAE DCFC257 mi255 miTexas: 54 SAE DCFC282 mi635 mi239 mi
GM – BKGrossMarch 2017EV Infrastructure – Where, What, Why GuidanceHomeSingle aceChargingOvernightWork shift condos,apartments e.g.Near-termWorkPublicCommercial Commuting Road TripsUrban ublicLong-dwellpublic1-2 hours4-8 hours1-X daysHigh-usestations retail parks,beaches airports distanceHighwayCorridors( 200 miles)( 200 miles)High-speed DC50-150kW(mega-stations)High-speed DC50-150kWHigh-speedDC 150kWL1 or L2(L2 recom’d)NeighborhoodL2 and DC(50kW)L1 or L2L1 or L2(L2 recom’d)L1 or L2 atMulti-UnitDwellingL1 or L2L2L2L1 or L2150-320kW150-320kW150-320kWWhere manyconsumers seeEVs for the 1sttime (EVShowcase)and most usedcharging after“home”Nice perk(and retailersbenefit fromincreased instore dwelltime)Increasespracticalityof EVs (thenumber ofplaces an EVcan go)Increasespracticality ofEVs(especiallyamong earlyadopters/professionals)Enablescommercial EVbusiness cases(e.g. Lyft/Ubercar-hailingservices)Increasespracticality of EVs(especially amongearly adopters/professionals)Increasesconsumerconfidence inEVs (perceptionof endless EVrange)Where mostcharging is doneL2L2RNeed to grow EVmarket to theseconsumersL1 or L2RR Note, Professional installation of L1, L2 and DC is always recommended Note, Future 150-350kW SAE fast-chargers will be backward compatible, allowing 50kW EVs to chargeRRRStation redundancy is especially importantR
VW Settlement: Appendix C and D EV Infrastructure Opportunity“Appendix C”- National program ( 2Bil) for EV infrastructure, EV awareness, and Green City (Sacramento)- Cycle 1 (of 4) 2,500 EV chargers at 450 sites Highway Corridors (4-10 chargers/site); 38 states; 150kW or 350kW; 70-120 miles apart 17 Metro/Urban Cities (workplace, MDU, retail, municipal lots/garages); L2, 50kW, 150kW Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Miami, New York City, Philadelphia, Portland, Raleigh, Seattle,Washington, D.C., LA, SF, San Diego, Sacramento, San Jose, and Fresno“Appendix D”- 50-state program ( 2.7-2.9Bil)- Each state must “claim” the settlement- Each state allowed to use max 15% for EV infrastructure
Where should Utilities engage?1. Engage actively in home, workplace and DC fast-charging Most charging at home, so this is a way to reach all consumers (including those in multi-dwelling units) Workplace charging is key to growing EV awareness and corporate relationships are key to utilities A visible strategy of DC fast-chargers tells a big story to consumers and grows EV adoption among fencesitters2. Ensure electricity is cheaper than gasoline (residential and commercial) – incl.demand charges3. Engage actively in PEV outreach and education Utilities are trusted 3rd parties and operate at a local level – key for building awarenessUtilities need to be active participants in growing the PEV market This is a “learning” transition requiring hands-on experience to shape next steps The PEV market will not escape “niche” unless utilities (and regulators) get involved
What will it take to Grow the PEV Market? Drive Consumer Demand!‒ Keep a Laser-like Focus on the Vehicle (don’t get distracted by other “metrics”)‒ Build Awareness through: Promotional Campaigns (that really get to new car buyers) Ride & Drives (“Butts-in-Seats”) Install Charging Infrastructure at a faster pace (incl. role for utilities)‒ Address the “Perception” that there isn’t enough infrastructure Public DC Corridors (SAE Combo) Workplace Charging Affordability/Incentives‒ Help make these vehicles more affordable for mainstream consumers: Through incentives, help make this an easy choice, until OEMs can getmore cost out of the technology Stay steady until we reach a meaningful tipping point
Thank you!
August 16, 2017. PHEV. EREV. BEV. Plug-in Hybrid. Electric Vehicle. Battery Electric Vehicle. Electric Vehicle with “Extended-Range” Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs): Includes PHEVs, EREVs and BEVs. Chevrolet Volt. Chevy Bolt EV. Prius Prime. Tesla S. Ford C-MAX Energi. Cadillac CT6. For
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
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