Integrated Science For Jamaica Grade 9 - Macmillan Caribbean EBooks

IntegratedSciencefor Jamaica Grade 9T. ChungIISJ SB9.indb 113/04/2019 11:28

Macmillan Education4 Crinan StreetLondon N1 9XWA division of Springer Nature LimitedCompanies and representatives throughout the worldStudent’s Book ISBN 978-1-380-02343-8Text T. Chung, W. Brathwaite, P.K. Oyebanji, O.J. Jegede and D.P. Brown 2009Additional Text T. Chung 2019Design and illustration Springer Nature Limited 2019The authors have asserted their right to be identified as the authors of this work in accordancewith the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.Third edition published 2009This edition published 2019All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.Designed by Macmillan EducationIllustrated by Tek-ArtCover design by Macmillan EducationCover photograph by Tiffany Lue-Yen PhotographyPicture research by Lorraine BeckThese materials may contain links for third party websites. We have no control over, and are notresponsible for, the contents of such third party websites. Please use care when accessing them.The inclusion of any specific companies, commercial products, trade names or otherwise, doesnot constitute or imply its endorsement or recommendation by Springer Nature Limited.Printed and bound in India2022 2021 2020 2019 201810 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1ISJ SB9.indb 213/04/2019 11:28

ContentsScope and sequenceAbout this bookivviiiUnit 1: Working Like a ScientistScience Exploration, Application and Design Practice1Unit 2: Transport in Humans and PlantsScience Exploration, Application and Design Practice26Unit 3: Electricity and MagnetismEnergy, Forces and Matter59Unit 4: Chemical Bonding, Formulae and EquationsEnergy, Forces and Matter90Unit 5: Sensitivity and CoordinationScience Exploration, Application and Design Practice121Unit 6: Acids and AlkalisEnergy, Forces and Matter146Unit 7: Sexual Reproduction and Birth ControlScience Exploration, Application and Design Practice176Index196Acknowledgements200ISJ SB9.indb 313/04/2019 11:28

Scope and sequenceSection TitleSyllabus objectivesUnit 1 Working Like a Scientist1.1 Experimental variables1.2 Steps in the scientific method1.3 Fair testing Identify and state problemsFormulate hypotheses Plan and design experiments (fair tests) to solve specific problems Formulate a definition for the term ‘physical quantity’Recall five fundamental quantities and their base unitsRecognise that all other quantities and units are derived fromfundamental quantities and base units 1.4 Writing a report1.5 Physical quantities 1.6 Standardisation Recognise a unit as a standard measure of a quantityUse prefixes micro, milli, centi, deci, kilo, and mega appropriately and beable to carry out relevant calculations1.7 Standard form Express measurements and calculated values in standard form (a 10n)1.8 Significant figures Determine the number of significant figures in the expressed value ofa quantityDetermine the number of significant figures in a calculated valueExpress measurements and calculated values to the correct number ofsignificant figures 1.9 Graphs Recognise that quantities have effects on each other and that a graph is apictorial representation of their relationshipPlot graphs according to accepted standardsCalculate gradients of graphs and determine their unitsCreate and interpret distance-time and velocity-time graphs foruniform motionUNIT 2 Transport in Humans and Plants2.1 The importance of transport systemsin living things2.2 Transport in and out of cells Investigate the process of osmosisExplain the process of osmosisCompare osmosis with diffusionPrepare biological materials for investigationInvestigate the need for a transport system in multicellular organismsIdentify the types of substances which need to be transported in animalsDemonstrate interest in the outcomes of investigationsMake predictions using scientific knowledge and understandingivISJ SB9.indb 413/04/2019 11:28

SCOPE AND SEQUENCESection TitleSyllabus objectives2.3 The human circulatory system 2.4 Transport systems in plants Prepare biological materials for investigationAnnotate a simple diagram of the human heartRelate the basic structure of the human heart to its functionTrace the flow of blood through the heart and around the bodyRelate the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries to their functionsIdentify the main components of blood and state their basic functionsUse scientific vocabulary and/to articulate concepts clearly and preciselyIdentify the substances that are transported in plantsDescribe how roots are adapted for taking in waterIdentify the location of transport tissues in a dicotyledonous plant stemand root sectionsDescribe the basic functions of the xylem and phloemInvestigate the movement of substances from the soil to the leavesUNIT 3 Electricity and Magnetism3.1 Static electricity 3.2 Electricity in the home 3.3 Electric current 3.4 Electricity, electronics andmagnetism 3.5 Electromagnetic induction 3.6 Safe use of electricity Recall that atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons and state theirrespective chargesInvestigate the production of static electricityDescribe useful applications and hazards of static electricityConduct investigations with due regard for safetyWork cooperatively in groupsFormulate a simple working definition for the term ‘electric current’Classify materials/substances as insulators and conductors of electricityConstruct simple circuits using lamps, insulated wires, dry cells, switchesto distinguish between series and parallel circuitsDraw diagrams to represent series and parallel circuitsInvestigate the relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) in a simpleseries circuitPerform simple activities to identify the poles of a bar magnetDemonstrate that unlike poles attract and like poles repelConstruct an electromagnetInvestigate the properties of an induced currentConduct investigations with due regard for safetyWork cooperatively in groupsvISJ SB9.indb 513/04/2019 11:28

SCOPE AND SEQUENCESection TitleSyllabus objectivesUNIT 4 Chemical Bonding, Formulae and Equations4.1 The first 20 elements 4.2 Writing formulae for compounds 4.3 Ionic bonding 4.4 Types of reactions 4.5 Which type of reactions areendothermic or exothermic? 4.6 Balancing equations Recall the symbols of the first 20 elementsCalculate the number of each sub-atomic particle present in an atom/ionDeduce the pattern for determining electronic configuration of first20 elementsUse the Octet Rule to explain why atoms bondWrite the formulae of simple binary compounds using symbolsand valenciesDraw dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bondingFormulate working definitions for ions, cation, anion and ionic bondingInvestigate physical properties of ionic compoundsTranslate word equations for simple chemical reactions intosymbol equationsInvestigate the main types of reactionsCite examples of exothermic and endothermic reactionsUse appropriate scientific languageMake sure they are working safelyState and apply the Law of Conservation of Mass to writingbalanced equationsInvestigate the Law of Conservation of Mass using precipitation reactionsConstruct balanced symbol and ionic equations from given informationUNIT 5 Sensitivity and Coordination5.1 Detecting changes in our surroundings Deduce the importance of responding to changes in the environment5.2 Sense organs State that each sense organ contains sensory / receptor cells that detect aspecific type of stimulus5.3 The nervous system State that the brain and spinal cord comprise the Central Nervous System(CNS) which coordinates the body’s responsesName the main parts of the human brain and state their basic functions 5.4 Different kinds of actions 5.5 The endocrine system Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary /reflex actionsExplain the importance of reflex actions using examplesDescribe the endocrine system as consisting of ductless glands thatrespond to internal stimuli by producing hormonesIdentify selected endocrine glands, their location, the hormones theyproduce and their importance in maintaining the internal environmentCompare the nervous system with the endocrine systemUse appropriate scientific language to describe features of the nervousand endocrine systemsviISJ SB9.indb 613/04/2019 11:28

SCOPE AND SEQUENCESection TitleSyllabus objectivesUNIT 6 Acids and Alkalis6.1 Acids, bases and alkalis 6.2 Indicators and pH scales State that compounds can be classified as acids and alkalisIdentify common acids, alkalis and saltsCreate a safety booklet dealing with the handling of acids and alkalisInvestigate selected reactions of acids and alkalisCite practical examples of neutralisation in daily lifeUse pH paper and universal indicator solutions to determine pH ofdifferent substancesShow that acid-base indicators change colour in acids and alkalisSynthesise homemade indicators using materials found in the kitchenand gardenAnalyse and synthesise information from multiple sourcesInvestigate household chemicals using acid-base indicatorsCreate individual pH scale from household substances6.3 Acidic and basic oxides6.4 Salts6.5 Preparation of salts Base conclusions and suggestions on evidenceShow interest in the outcomes of experiments and investigationsUNIT 7 Sexual Reproduction and Birth Control7.1 Embryo development and birth 7.2 A healthy pregnancyState that the fertilised egg (zygote) undergoes repeated cell divisions toproduce an embryo which becomes implanted in the uterusIdentify key structures in a pregnant uterus (placenta, amniotic sac,amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and uterine wall) and state their basicfunctions in the growth and development of the human embryo/foetusDescribe how the embryo obtains nutrients and oxygen andeliminates waste Describe the effects of negative maternal behaviour during pregnancy onthe development of the embryo/foetusExplain the importance of prenatal care during pregnancy7.3 Teenage pregnancy Evaluate problems associated with teenage pregnancy7.4 Birth control methods Critique methods of birth controlAssess the importance of family planningShow respect for each other’s views viiISJ SB9.indb 713/04/2019 11:28