Principles Of Good Work Design - Safe Work Australia
PRINCIPLESOF GOODWORKDESIGNA work health and safety handbook
Good Work Design is a Safe Work Australia Members’ project underthe Australian Strategy action area healthy and safe by design2
IntroductionGood workdesignoptimises workhealth andsafety, humanperformance,job satisfaction,and businesssuccessThe Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 2012-2022 isunderpinned by the principle that well-designed healthy and safework will allow workers to have more productive lives. This canbe more efficiently achieved if hazards and risks are eliminatedthrough good design.The ten principles of good work designThis handbook contains ten principles which demonstrate how toachieve good design of work and work processes. Each is generalin nature so they can be successfully applied to any workplace,business or industry.The ten principles for good work design are structured intothree sections:1.Why good work design is important2.What should be considered in good work design, and3.How good work is designedThese principles are shown in the diagram at Figure 1.This handbook complements a range of existing resourcesavailable to businesses and work health and safety professionalsincluding guidance for the safe design of plant and structures.See the Safe Work Australia Website.Scope of the handbookThis handbook provides information on how to apply the goodwork design principles to work and work processes to protectworkers and others who may be affected by the work.It describes how design can be used to set up the workplace,working environment and work tasks to protect the health andsafety of workers, taking into account their range of abilities andvulnerabilities, so far as reasonably practicable.The handbook does not aim to provide advice on managingsituations where individual workers may have specialrequirements such as those with a disability or on a returnto work program following an injury or illness. Contact yourregulator for further information.Who should use this handbook?Experts who provide adviceon the design of work mayinclude: engineers, architects,ergonomists, information andcomputer technology professionals,occupational hygienists,organisational psychologists, humanresource professionals, occupationaltherapists and physiotherapists.3This handbook should be used by those with a role in designingwork and work processes, including: Persons conducting a business or undertaking (PCBUs) witha primary duty of care under the model Work Health andSafety (WHS) laws. PCBUs who have specific design duties relating to the designof plant, substances and structures including the buildings inwhich people work. People responsible for designing organisational structures,staffing rosters and systems of work. Professionals who provide expert advice to organisations onwork health and safety matters.
Figure 1 – Good work design principlesHOWGen oodha wosu nces rk dpro cce bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicaialcneehethdhstand cawiara l, bipabcterilitiesof isttheGoheodsugtlewornppoyclk d esly ceci g n is a p p li e d afihainln aland ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i on makers anddecisioleaderagesEngGood work designenhances healthand well-beinghe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanGoone d woeds, c rk donxtteal, ogethertnicha ork, olvedcef w e invmolo csopiWHYpegnesi evelrk d st l aswo he farod hig soGo s the tion ablyneecgiv prot reaso cableof is ractips, evidence, and expxperterieenceomrfnraLee the people who do the wnvolviyloivethe supply chain antiecsnd n rk,AthogenitwoludWHATrksincIdes,ntifriskly hazoards, assess and contr tandenseekcontinuous improvem4Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbook
What is ‘good work’?For the purposesof this handbooka work designeris anyone whomakes decisionsabout the designor redesign ofwork. This maybe driven by thedesire to improveproductivity aswell as the healthand safety ofpeople who willbe doing thework‘Good work’ is healthy and safe work where the hazards and risksare eliminated or minimised so far as is reasonably practicable.Good work is also where the work design optimises humanperformance, job satisfaction and productivity.Good work contains positive work elements that can: protect workers from harm to their health, safety and welfare improve worker health and wellbeing, and improve business success through higher worker productivity.What is good work design?The most effective design process begins at the earliestopportunity during the conceptual and planning phases. At thisearly stage there is the greatest chance of finding ways to designout hazards, incorporate effective risk control measures anddesign-in efficiencies.Effective design of good work considers:The work: how work is performed, including the physical, mental andemotional demands of the tasks and activities the task duration, frequency, and complexity, and the context and systems of work.The physical working environment: the plant, equipment, materials and substances used, and the vehicles, buildings, structures that are workplaces.The workers: physical, emotional and mental capacities and needs.Effective design of good work can radically transform theworkplace in ways that benefit the business, workers, clients andothers in the supply chain.Failure to consider how work is designed can result in poor riskmanagement and lost opportunities to innovate and improve theeffectiveness and efficiency of work.The principles for good work design support duty holders tomeet their obligations under the WHS laws and also help them toachieve better business practice generally.5
Gen oodha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial cneehethar al, bdhstiand cawiactpabilitieresof isttheGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d esacyly cdi g n is a p p li ei fehainal lnand aoic ro s s t h e o p e r a tIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnards, assess and coande ntseekcontinuous improvemlevel of protection All workers have a right to the highest practicable level of protection against harm to theirhealth, safety and welfare. The primary purpose of the WHS laws is to protect persons from work-related harm so faras is reasonably practicable. Harm relates to the possibility that death, injury, illness or disease may result from exposureto a hazard in the short or longer term. Eliminating or minimising hazards at the source before risks are introduced in theworkplace is a very effective way of providing the highest level of protection.Principle 1 refers to the legal duties under the WHS laws. These laws provide the frameworkto protect the health, safety and welfare of workers and others who might be affected by thework. During the work design process workers and others should be given the highest level ofprotection against harm that is reasonably practicable.Prevention of workplace injury and illnessWell-designed work can prevent work-related deaths, injuries and illnesses. The potential risk ofharm from hazards in a workplace should be eliminated through good work design.Only if that is not reasonably practicable, then the design process should minimise hazards andrisks through the selection and use of appropriate control measures.New hazards may inadvertently be created when changing work processes. If the good workdesign principles are systematically applied, potential hazards and risks arising from thesechanges can be eliminated or minimised.Reducing the speed of an inappropriately fast process line will not onlyreduce production errors, it can diminish the likelihood of a musculoskeletalinjury and mental stress.6Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookadersGood work design gives the highestso far as is reasonably practicableGoone d woeds, c rk donagEngWhy is good work design important?Principle 1theral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvom cs o pleoiWHYpehe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxtteThe WHY PrinciplesWhy?worksWHATgnesi evelrk d st l aswo he farod hig soGo s the tion ablyneecgiv prot reaso cableof is ractiprts, evidence, and expeexperienomrcefarneLlinc
Good work designenhances healthand well-beingGen oodha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial cneehethar al, bdhstiand cawiactpabilitieresof isttheGoone d woeds, c rk donIdentriskify ht ro lazardsGood work design enhances health and awellbeing, as s e s s a n d c o nndnteseekcontinuous improvem Designing good work can help improve health over the longer term by improving workers’musculoskeletal condition, cardiovascular functioning and their mental health. Good work design optimises worker function and improves participation enabling workersto have more productive working lives.Health benefitsEffective design aims to prevent harm, but it can also positively enhance the health andwellbeing of workers for example, satisfying work and positive social interactions can helpimprove people’s physical and mental health.As a general guide, the healthiest workers have been found to be three times more productivethan the least healthy. It therefore makes good business sense for work design to supportpeople’s health and wellbeing.Recent research has shown long periods of sitting (regardless of exerciseregime) can lead to increased risk of preventable musculoskeletal disorders andchronic diseases such as diabetes. In an office environment, prolonged sittingcan be reduced by allowing people to alternate between sitting or standingwhilst working.Principles of Good Work DesignadersGoheodsugtworclepplonk d esacyly cdi g n is a p p li ei fehainal lnand aoic ro s s t h e o p e r a t Health is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely theabsence of disease or infirmity” (World Health Organisation).7agEngtheral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvom cs o pleoiWHYpehe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxttePrinciple 2worksWHATgnesi evelrk d st l aswo he farod hig soGo s the tion ablyneecgiv prot reaso cableof is ractipThe WHY Principlesrts, evidence, and expeexperienomrcefarneLlincA work health and safety handbooks,
Good work designenhances healthand well-beingGen oodha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial cneehethar al, bdhstiand cawiactpabilitieresof isttheGoone d woeds, c rk donentriskify hGood work design enhances business successro land azards, assess and cont nteseekand productivitycontinuous improvem Good work design prevents deaths, injuries and illnesses and their associated costs,improves worker motivation and engagement and in the long-term improves businessproductivity. Well-designed work fosters innovation, quality and efficiencies through effective andcontinuous improvement. Well-designed work helps manage risks to business sustainability and profitability bymaking work processes more efficient and effective and by improving product andservice quality.Cost savings and productivity improvementsDesigning-out problems before they arise is generally cheaper than making changes after theresulting event, for example by avoiding expensive retrofitting of workplace controls.Good work design can have direct and tangible cost savings by decreasing disruption to workprocesses and the costs from workplace injuries and illnesses.Good work design can also lead to productivity improvements and business sustainability by: allowing organisations to adjust to changing business needs and to streamline workprocesses by reducing wastage, training and supervision costs improving opportunities for creativity and innovation to solve production issues, reduceerrors and improve service and product quality, and making better use of workers’ skills resulting in more engaged and motivated staff willing tocontribute greater additional effort.8Principles of Good Work DesignadersGoheodsugtworclepplonk d esacyly cdi g n is a p p li ei fehainal lnand aoic ro s s t h e o p e r a tIdPrinciple 3agEngtheral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvom cs o pleoiWHYpehe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxtteThe WHY PrinciplesworksWHATgnesi evelrk d st l aswo he farod hig soGo s the tion ablyneecgiv prot reaso cableof is ractiprts, evidence, and expeexperienomrcefarneLlincA work health and safety handbooks,
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, assess and cande ntseekcontinuous improvemWhat should be considered by those with design responsibilities?Principle 4Good work design addresses physical,biomechanical, cognitive and psychosocialcharacteristics of work, together with the needs andcapabilities of the people involved Good work design addresses the different hazards associated with work e.g. chemical,biological and plant hazards, hazardous manual tasks and aspects of work that can impacton mental health. Work characteristics should be systematically considered when work is designed,redesigned or the hazards and risks are assessed. These work characteristics should be considered in combination and one characteristicshould not be considered in isolation. Good work design creates jobs and tasks that accommodate the abilities andvulnerabilities of workers so far as reasonably practicable.All tasks have key characteristics with associated hazards and risks, as shown in Figure 2 below:Informationprocan esd teristics,adlo ngin atiourPhysicalhazBio ardlo s *gicaszardl haaicem ardshC azlhovV emibra enttionPsychologicalCharacteristicsde rkor pe naW Su ae** M ngolro n t ri e t y ch acbJofvaRo l e ent omeMana gvi*M *erc reF o st uPoBiomechanicalCharacteristicsmaso n d sgi r/* ng p eeOrg rela r supp ortan t i oisa n s hip stion justiceTASKFigure 2 – Key characteristics of work9Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookn makers anddecisioleadageersEngGoone d woeds, c rk donhe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxtteThe WHAT Principlestheral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvmo cs o pleoiWHYpegnesi evelr k d st l a swo he farod hig soGo the ion blyes ect nagiv prot reaso cableof is ractiprts, evidence, and expeexperienromcefnarLee who deo tholve thewy invoivelthe supply chain and n rk,Act g those inetwniduorklAHTcWins
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, asseworkand goodduringss and c designe ntseekcontinuous improvemHazards and risks associated with tasks are identified and controlledprocesses and they should be considered in combination with all hazards and risks in theworkplace. This highlights that it is the combination that is important for good work design.Workers can also be exposed to a number of different hazards from a single task. For example,meat boning is a common task in a meat-processing workplace. This task has a range ofpotential hazards and risks that need to be managed, e.g. physical, chemical, biological,biomechanical and psychosocial. Good work design means the hazards and risks arising fromthis task are considered both individually and collectively to ensure the best control solutionsare identified and applied.Good work design can prevent unintended consequences which might arise if task controlmeasures are implemented in isolation from other job considerations. For example, automationof a process may improve production speed and reduce musculoskeletal injuries but increaserisk of hearing loss if effective noise control measures are not also considered.Workers have different needs and capabilities; good work design takes these into account.This includes designing to accommodate them given the normal range of human cognitive,biomechanical and psychological characteristics of the work.The Australian workforce is changing. It is typically older with highereducational levels, more inclusive of people with disabilities, and more sociallyand ethnically diverse. Good work design accommodates and embraces workerdiversity. It will also help a business become an employer of choice, able toattract and retain an experienced workforce.10Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookn makers anddecisioleadageersEngGoone d woeds, c rk donhe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxttetheral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvmo cs o pleoiWHYpegnesi evelr k d st l a swo he farod hig soGo the ion blyes ect nagiv prot reaso cableof is ractipThe WHAT Principlesrts, evidence, and expeexperienromcefnarLee who deo tholve thewy invoivelthe supply chain and n rk,Act g those inetwniduorklAHTcWins
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, assess and cande ntseekcontinuous improvemGood work design considers the business needs,context and work environment Good work design is ‘fit for purpose’ and should reflect the needs of the organisationincluding owners, managers, workers and clients. Every workplace is different so approaches need to be context specific. What is good forone situation cannot be assumed to be good for another, so off-the-shelf solutions maynot always suit every situation. The work environment is broad and includes: the physical structures, plant andtechnology, work layout, organisational design and culture, human resource systems,work health and safety processes and information/control systems.The business organisational structure and culture, decision making processes, workenvironment and how resources and people are allocated to the work will directly and indirectlyimpact on work design and how well and safely the work is done.The work environment includes the physical structures, plant, and technology. Planningfor relocations, refurbishments or when introducing new engineering systems are idealopportunities for businesses to improve their work designs and avoid foreseeable risks.These are amongst the most common work changes a business undertakes yet good designduring these processes is often quite poorly considered and implemented. An effective designfollowing the processes described in this handbook can yield significant business benefits.Off-the- shelf solutions can be explored for some common tasks, howeverusually design solutions need to be tailored to suit a particular workplace.Good work design is most effective when it addresses the specific business needs of theindividual workplace or business. Typically work design solutions will differ between small andlarge businesses.However, all businesses must eliminate or minimise their work health and safety risks so faras reasonably practicable. The specific strategies and controls will vary depending on thecircumstances.The table on the next page demonstrates how to step through the good work design processfor small and large businesses.11Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookn makers anddecisioleadageersEngGoone d woeds, c rk donhe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxttePrinciple 5theral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvmo cs o pleoiWHYpegnesi evelr k d st l a swo he farod hig soGo the ion blyes ect nagiv prot reaso cableof is ractipThe WHAT Principlesrts, evidence, and expeexperienromcefnarLee who deo tholve thewy invoivelthe supply chain and n rk,Act g those inetwniduorklAHTcWins
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, assess and cande ntseekcontinuous improvemTable 1 – steps in good work design for large and small businesses12Good design stepsIn a large business that isdownsizingIn a small business that isundergoing a refitManagementcommitmentSenior management maketheir commitment to goodwork design explicit aheadof downsizing and may hireexternal expertise.The owner tells workers abouttheir commitment to designingout hazards during the upcomingrefit of the store layout to helpimprove safety and efficiency.ConsultThe consequences ofdownsizing and how these canbe managed are discussed insenior management and WHScommittee meetings withappropriate representation fromaffected work areas.The owner holds meetings withtheir workers to identify possibleissues ahead ofthe refit.IdentifyA comprehensive workloadaudit is undertaken to clarifyopportunities for improvements.The owner discusses theproposed refit with the architectand builder and gets ideas fordealing with issues raised byworkers.AssessA cost benefit analysis isundertaken to assess the workdesign options to manage thedownsizing.The owner, architect and builderjointly discuss the proposed refitand any worker issues directlywith workers.ControlA change management plan isdeveloped and implemented toappropriately structure teamsand improve systems of work.Training is provided to supportthe new work arrangements.The building refit occurs.Workers are given training andsupervision to become familiarwith new layout and safeequipment use.ReviewThe work redesign process isreviewed against the projectaims by senior managers.The owner checks with theworkers that the refit hasimproved working conditionsand efficiency and there are nonew issues.ImproveFollowing consultation,refinement of the redesign isundertaken if required.Minor adjustments to the fit outare made if required.Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookn makers anddecisioleadageersEngGoone d woeds, c rk donhe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxtteThe WHAT Principlestheral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvmo cs o pleoiWHYpegnesi evelr k d st l a swo he farod hig soGo the ion blyes ect nagiv prot reaso cableof is ractiprts, evidence, and expeexperienromcefnarLee who deo tholve thewy invoivelthe supply chain and n rk,Act g those inetwniduorklAHTcWins
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, assess and cande ntseekcontinuous improvemGood work design is applied along the supply chainand across the operational lifecycle. Good work design should be applied along the supply chain in the design, manufacture,distribution, use and disposal of goods and the supply of services. Work design is relevant at all stages of the operational life cycle, from start-up, routineoperations, maintenance, downsizing and cessation of business operations. New initiatives, technologies and change in organisations have implications for workdesign and should be considered.Supply chains are often made up of complex commercial or businessrelationships and contracts designed to provide goods or services. These areoften designed to provide goods or services to a large, dominant business ina supply chain. The human and operational costs of poor design by a businesscan be passed up or down the supply chain.Businesses in the supply chain can have significant influence over their supply chain partners’work health and safety through the way they design the work.Businesses may create risks and so they need to be active in working with their supply chainsand networks to solve work health and safety problems and share practical solutions forexample, for common design and manufacturing problems.Health and safety risks can be created at any point along the supply chain, for example, loadingand unloading causing time pressure for the transport business.There can be a flow-on effect where the health and safety and business ‘costs’ of poor designmay be passed down the supply chain. These can be prevented if businesses work with theirsupply chain partners to understand how contractual arrangements affect health and safety.Procurement and contract officers can also positively influence their own organisation andothers work health and safety throughout the supply chain by the good design of contracts.When designing contractual arrangements businesses could consider ways to support goodwork design safety outcomes by: setting clear health and safety expectations for their supply chain partners, for examplethrough the use of codes of conduct or quality standards conducting walk through inspections, monitoring and comprehensive auditing of supplychain partners to check adherence to these codes and standards building the capability of their own procurement staff to understand the impacts ofcontractual arrangements on their suppliers, and consulting with their supply chain partners on the design of good work practices.13Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookn makers anddecisioleadageersEngGoone d woeds, c rk donhe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxttePrinciple 6theral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvmo cs o pleoiWHYpegnesi evelr k d st l a swo he farod hig soGo the ion blyes ect nagiv prot reaso cableof is ractipThe WHAT Principlesrts, evidence, and expeexperienromcefnarLee who deo tholve thewy invoivelthe supply chain and n rk,Act g those inetwniduorklAHTcWins
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, assess and cande ntseekcontinuous improvemThe road transport industry is an example of the application of how thisprinciple can help improve drivers’ health and safety and address issues arisingfrom supply chain arrangements. For example, the National Heavy Vehicle Laws‘chain of responsibility’ requires all participants in the road transport supplychain to take responsibility for driver work health and safety. Contracts must bedesigned to allow drivers to work reasonable hours, take sufficient breaks fromdriving and not have to speed to meet deadlines.The design of products will strongly impact on both health and safety and business productivitythroughout their lifecycles. At every stage there are opportunities to eliminate or minimiserisks through good work design. The common product lifecycle stages are illustrated inFigure 3 below.Figure 3 – common product lifecyclehealth and sal/recycleFor more information on the design of structures and of plant see ‘Safe designof structures’ and Managing the risks of plant in the workplace and otherdesign guidance on the Safe Work Australia website.The good work design principles are also relevant at all stages of the business life cycle. Someof these stages present particularly serious and complex work health and safety challenges suchas during the rapid expansion or contraction of businesses. Systematic application of good workdesign principles during these times can achieve positive work health and safety outcomes.14Principles of Good Work DesignA work health and safety handbookn makers anddecisioleadageersEngGoone d woeds, c rk donhe businessers tsidronmentonenvincorkigdwesanxtteThe WHAT Principlestheral,nic rk, toge edhaec f wo involvmo cs o pleoiWHYpegnesi evelr k d st l a swo he farod hig soGo the ion blyes ect nagiv prot reaso cableof is ractiprts, evidence, and expeexperienromcefnarLee who deo tholve thewy invoivelthe supply chain and n rk,Act g those inetwniduorklAHTcWins
Gen o o dha wosu nce rk dpro cce s bu esigdu ss a sine ncti nd ssvityork design addressGood wes physcognitive and psychosocicial char al, bwith the needs and capiactabileities o ristf theGood work designenhances healthand well-beingGoheodsugtworclepplonk d escyly ci g n is a p p li e d ahainl i felanand ac ro s s t h e o p e r a t i oIdes,ntifisky hazol rrtnaords, assess and cande ntseekcontinuous improvemNew technology is often a key driver of change in work design. It has the potential to improvethe quality of outputs, efficiency and safety of workers, however introducing new technologycould also introduce new hazards and unforeseen risks. Good work design considers the impactof the new initiatives and technologies before they are introduced into the workplace andmonitors their impact over time.When designing a machine for safe use, how the maintenance will beundertaken in the future should be considered.In most workplaces the information and communication technology (ICT) systems arean integral part of all business operations. In practice these are often the main drivers of workchanges but are commonly overlooked as sources of workplace risks. Opportunitiesto improve health and safety should always be c
achieve good design of work and work processes. Each is general in nature so they can be successfully applied to any workplace, business or industry. The ten principles for good work design are structured into three sections: 1. Why good work design is important 2. What should be considered in good work design, and 3. How good work is designed
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might be achieved through an effective design process. In 2013 they agreed to a national project ' Good Work Through Effective Design ' to contribute to this outcome. The Safe Work Australia Members' collaborative project aims to: a) produce national guidance on the key principles of good work and an effective design process,
Project Outcomes: -Understand the principles of design. -Label design principles in a specific work of art, craft, graphic design or interior design. Project Indicator: Complete the project exercises in activity including identifying principles of design in various pieces. The elements & principles of
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work design, or to use in related units such as organisational design, organisational development, and human resource management. The paper will also be of interest to professionals with responsibilities that may directly or indirectly include the design of work. The paper is designed to support the video on Good Work Design Principles produced
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