Philippine Coral Reef Educator Guide - California Academy Of Sciences
PhilippineCoral ReefEducator GuideGrade 6 – Grade 12What’s Inside:A . E xhibit OverviewB. E xhibit Mapc . Key Concep tsd. Voc abul aryE . museum connectionsf. Resources
A . e xhibit overviewCoral reefs are the sparkling jewels oftropical marine habitats.Welcome to the Philippine Coral Reef Exhibit, which represents one ofour planet’s most diverse and fragile marine ecosystems. This exhibitis home to a broad range of aquatic life found in the coral reefs andmangrove lagoons of the Philippine Islands. This includes animals such asdelicate soft and hard corals, blacktip reef sharks, stingrays, and more than2,000 colorful reef fish representing more than 100 species. In this exhibit,students can explore the amazing array of life that exists in the warm,shallow waters off the Philippine coasts.This exhibit can be seen on two levels. On Level 1, students can walk ona path above a shallow, sandy mangrove lagoon—a calm, protected areainhabited by sharks, rays, and schools of fishes. Where the lagoon dropsoff to the deep reef, hundreds of brightly colored fishes are visible nearthe surface, enticing students to view the immersive spectacle one floorbelow. As you enter the aquarium on the Lower Level, you will see themain Philippine Coral Reef tank. At a depth of 25 feet and holding 212,000gallons of water, the Philippine Coral Reef tank is one of the deepestexhibits of live corals in the world. Curiosity leads to exploration of severalsmall galleries along the perimeter of the exhibit that highlight the uniqueadaptations and complex interactions of reef organisms.Use this guide to:» Plan your field trip to theCalifornia Academy ofSciences’ Philippine CoralReef exhibit.» Learn about exhibitthemes, key conceptsand behind–the–scenesinformation to enhanceand guide your students’experience.» Link to exhibit–relatedactivities you candownload.» Connect your field tripto the classroom.The following main themes are found in the Philippine Coral Reef exhibit:» Tropical coral reef ecosystems, especially those found in the Philippines,are biodiversity hotspots.» Many organisms living in tropical reef ecosystems depend on oneanother for survival.02Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
b Upper GalleryClassroomLevel 3c NaturalistCenterB. e xhibit mapCalifornia Academy of Sciences Mapd ForumLevel 2StaffEntrancegEarlyExplorersCoveStoreK SwampAquariumstairsProjectLabView intoCollectionsh Planetariumpass pick-upEastGardene Islands ofEvolutionPhilippineCoral Reefl EarthquakeM Rainforestsof the World(Exits inAquarium)Piazzaf Sciencein ActionReefLagoonPenguinsi African HallJ HumanOdysseyWestGardenO Moss RoomRestaurantInformationN Academy CafeStoreEntranceLevel 1NLevel 1 NSwampLevel 1 stairsPhilippineCoral ReefLower Level(Aquarium)Lower Level(Aquarium)California Academy of SciencesStoreP PhilippineCoral ReefQ WaterPlanetS NorthernCaliforniaCoastU AmazonFloodedForestNT DiscoveryTidepoolR AnimalAttractionPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide03
B. e xhibit mapAquarium MapLevel 1Lower LevelStairs toLower LevelStairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)PhilippineCoral Reef(top view)PlanetariumWaterPlanetPiazzaCaribbeanCoral ReefPhilippineMangroveLagoonT-RexNLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefReefPartnershipsNWelcome to the Philippine Coral ReefExhibit, which represents one of ourplanet's most diverse and fragilemarine ecosystems.Located on Level 1 and Lower Level, the PhilippineCoral Reef exhibit focuses on two main themes:» Tropical coral reef ecosystems, especiallythose found in the Philippines, are biodiversityhotspots.» Many organisms living in tropical reef ecosystemsdepend on one another for survival.04Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
c. ke y concep tsPhilippine Mangrove LagoonLevel 1Stairs toLower LevelReefs and mangrove lagoons areecological partners.»»»»PhilippineCoral Reef(top view)Main ideas: Mangroves are types of trees that grow alongtropical shorelines.Mangroves are buffers that protect the coastagainst storms.Young reef animals, such as sharks and fish, findshelter and food among mangrove roots and inlagoon waters.Conserving coral reefs means protectingmangroves, NTake a closer look!Learn about some of the animals found in the lagoon shallows.ROUTER LINE - does not printBlacktip Reef SharkCarcharhinus melanopterusHoneycomb StingrayHimantura uarnakEasy to identify by the blacktips on their fins, these sharksare often seen cruising reefshallows in large schools.This ray has a system ofsensory organs that run theentire length of its body andtail, called the lateral line.Its extra long tail can senseapproaching predators well in advance.Diet: Small fishDistribution: Indian and Pacific OceansHonHimanJ. Charles DDiet: Crustaceans and small fishDistribution: Indian and Pacific OceansPhoto: J. Charles Delbeek California Academy of SciencesCalifornia Academy of SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide05
c. ke y concep tsPhilippine Coral ReefLower LevelThe more you watch, the more you’llsee. At first, a coral reef looks like amoving mosaic. Watch carefully andyou’ll see order in the mix.Stairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefCaliforniaCoastPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)WaterPlanetMain ideas:» Coral reefs in the Philippines are home to some ofthe world’s richest variety of marine life—about 500coral species and 2,000 fish species.» Complex relationships are created as reef organismscompete and cooperate for food, space, and mates.» From big fish resting in caverns to tiny shrimpnibbling in crevices, every square centimeter hostsmembers of the reef community.CaribbeanCoral ReefLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefReefPartnershipsNTake a closer look!Learn about some of the remarkable animals found on the reef.Emperor AngelfishPomacanthus imperatorCarpet AnemoneStichodactyla spp.This stunning fish has a bluebody with horizontal yellowstripes and a jet black facemask. Juveniles of this specieshave been observed cleaning parasites offlarger fish.Often mistaken for a plant,carpet anemones are actuallyanimals. Red, green, andblue carpet anemones are animportant part of the reef ecosystem and can liveup to 100 years. Many larger anemones providehomes for other reef animals including crabs,shrimp, and anemone fish.Diet: Sponges and tunicatesDistribution: Indian and Pacific OceansPhoto: Ron DeCloux California Academy of SciencesDiet: Small drifting animalsDistribution: Indian and Pacific OceansPhoto: Charles Delbeek California Academy of Sciences06Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
c. ke y concep tsColor on the ReefLower LevelA rainbow of color sparkles on thereef. Have you ever wondered whytropical coral reef residents aresome of the most colorful creatureson Earth?Stairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefCaliforniaCoastPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)WaterPlanetMain ideas:» Because coral reefs grow in clear, sunny waters,reef animals use their vision more than those thatlive in murky waters. Therefore, reef animals usecolor to communicate in various ways.» Color is used to attract mates, fool predators,signal danger, or help animals hide in plain sight.CaribbeanCoral ReefLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefReefPartnershipsNTake a closer look!These animals are some of the reef’s most colorful residents.Spotted dragonetSynchiropus picturatusMoorish idolZanclus cornutusBright colors aren’t always forshow. The colorful patterns ofthis fish help it blend in withthe reef. See if you can finda greenish fish with blue, orange, and black spots,large eyes and frilly fins.The color patterns and shapeof this fish’s body visuallybreaks up its body outlinewhich may help protectit from predators. This fish has been the iconicsymbol of the Steinhart Aquarium since 1923.Diet: Small invertebratesDistribution: Indian Ocean to Western Pacific OceanDiet: Small invertebrates, algaeDistribution: Indian and Pacific OceansPhoto: John E. RandallPhoto: Terry Goslinger California Academy of SciencesCalifornia Academy of SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide07
c. ke y concep tsCaribbean Coral ReefIt’s not enough to save a single reefbecause each one is unique.Main idea:» Scientists study similarities and differences ofcoral reefs worldwide to understand how toprotect them.» Tropical coral reefs around the world arethreatened by human activities and climatechange.Lower LevelStairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefCaliforniaCoastPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)WaterPlanetCaribbeanCoral ReefLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefReefPartnershipsNTake a closer look!Explore some of the animals found only on Caribbean coral reefs.Queen angelfishHolacanthus ciliarisCherubfishCentropyge argiThe queen angelfish livesmainly on coral reefssurrounding Caribbeanislands. Adults of this speciesextend their mouth and scrape food from the reefwith brush-like teeth.This is one of the Caribbean’ssmallest angelfish. It retreatsinto holes when frightened toavoid predators. Look for a darkblue fish with orange markings.Diet: Invertebrates & algaeDistribution: Western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico andCaribbean SeaDiet: AlgaeDistribution: Western Atlantic Ocean and theCaribbean SeaPhoto: Ron DeCloux California Academy of SciencesPhoto: Ron DeCloux California Academy of Sciences08Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
c. ke y concep tsLife in the DarkSome reef species prefer night to day.Learn how reef organisms find theirway in the dark.Main ideas:» Even the darkest recesses of the reef are teemingwith life.» Some reef organisms live exclusively in dark caves,or are active only at night. These animals havespecial adaptations for life in the dark.» Some reef fish have a symbiotic relationship withbacteria. These bacteria produce light that helpsthe fish communicate, navigate, hunt, and avoidpredators.Lower LevelStairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefCaliforniaCoastPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)WaterPlanetCaribbeanCoral ReefLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefNReefPartnershipsTake a closer look!See what’s hiding in the dark.Splitfin flashlight fishAnomalops katoptronZebra morayGymnomuraena zebraA chemical reaction inbioluminescent bacteriaunder this fish’s eye produceslight similar to fireflies.This eel is active at night(nocturnal), and emergesfrom its crevice or cave tohunt. A keen sense of smellhelps it locate prey, and itssnakelike body can slip into tight spaces to capture ameal.Diet: Tiny drifting animals (zooplankton)Distribution: Western Pacific OceanPhoto: John E. RandallDiet: Crabs, clams, sea urchinsDistribution: Indian and Pacific OceansPhoto: Martk Smith/Photo Researchers, Inc.California Academy of SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide09
c. ke y concep tsVenom on the ReefChemical tools aid in reefanimals’ survival.Main ideas:» Some reef organisms use venom and otherdefensive chemicals to catch prey, defend againstpredators, and fight infection.» The words venom and poison are often usedinterchangeably, but they actually have verydifferent meanings. Poison is absorbed or ingested,while venom is injected by a specialized structure,such as teeth, spines, or stinging cells.Lower LevelStairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefCaliforniaCoastPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)WaterPlanetCaribbeanCoral ReefLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefReefPartnershipsNTake a closer look!Learn about some of the animals that use chemicals for self-defense.Fire coralMillepora spp.LionfishPterois volitansDespite their name andappearance, these marineorganisms are not coral atall. Like their close relatives,jellyfish and anemone, fire coral polyps defend thecolony by delivering a burning sting.The flashy lionfish usesits venomous spines foraggression and defense.During courtship, a malelionfish will charge anintruding male with its spines held forward like acharging bull.Diet: Tiny drifting animals (zooplankton)Distribution: Tropical oceansPhoto: Ron DeCloux California Academy of SciencesDiet: Small fishes, invertebratesDistribution: Indian and Pacific Oceans; introducedPhoto: Ron DeCloux California Academy of Sciences10Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
c. ke y concep tsReef PartnershipsOrganisms living in partnership arecommon on coral reefs—this is calledsymbiosis. Explore some differenttypes of symbiosis in this exhibit.Main idea:» There are three broad categories of symbiosis:mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.» Mutualism occurs when both partners benefit fromthe relationship. The foundation of coral reefs isthe mutualism between coral polyps and the algae(zooxanthellae) living in their cells.» Parasitism occurs when one partner benefits whilethe other partner is harmed.Lower LevelStairs toLevel 1Color onthe ReefCaliforniaCoastPhilippineCoral Reef(underwater)WaterPlanetCaribbeanCoral ReefLife inthe DarkVenom onthe ReefReefPartnershipsN» C ommensalism occurs when one partner benefitsand the other partner is not affected.Take a closer look!These animals are interesting examples of different types of partnerships.Upside-down jelliesCassiopea andromedaMost jellies drift through theocean on currents, but notthis one. It lives upside-downon the sea floor in shallowwater of less than 10 meters (33 feet). These jellieshave algae living inside their tentacles. Becausethe jellies are upside-down, the tentacles getplenty of sun exposure so the symbiotic algae canphotosynthesize.Pistol shrimp and Shrimp gobyAlpheus spp. andAmblyeleotris spp.The shrimp creates a burrowin the sand that both animalsuse for protection. If a predatorpasses by, the goby flicks its tail which alerts theshrimp, and they both retreat into the burrow.Diet: Tiny drifting animals (zooplankton)Distribution: Western Pacific OceanPhoto: Charles Delbeek California Academy of SciencesDiet: Tiny drifting animals (zooplankton)Distribution: Western Pacific OceanPhoto: W. Gregory Brown / Animals AnimalsCalifornia Academy of SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide11
c. ke y concep tsExhibit HighlightsPhoto: Johan Fredriksson CC BY-SAChildren’s Eel GardenVoices of the PhilippinesIn the wild, a group of garden eels can exceed1,000 individuals! Garden eels live in sea grassbeds on the edges of tropical coral reefs. Theystretch their bodies upward and pluck tiny animals(zooplankton) drifting in the current. Whenthreatened, they duck for cover in the sandybottom.Thanks to coral reef advocates, reefs in thePhilippines are making a comeback.Many Filipino communities have successfullyembraced the challenge of caring for their reefs.Filipinos rely on reefs for food, income, andprotection from storms. Yet their reefs are amongthe world’s most damaged due to pollution,development, unsustainable fishing practices,and other human impacts. Through communityeducation, responsible fishing practices, andestablishment of marine protected areas, citizengroups and government agencies are working tohelp Philippine coral reefs stage a comeback.Garden eels are also homebodies—each rarelyleaves its burrow. Their sandy burrows aresupported by the eels' hardened skin secretionswhich prevent cave-ins.In this exhibit, your students can crawl through atunnel for an eye-level view of a thriving eel garden.12Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideIn this exhibit, your students can listen to thecompelling stories of Filipinos who are workingtirelessly to protect their country’s coral reefsthrough stewardship, advocacy, and restoration.California Academy of Sciences
c. ke y concep tsExhibit HighlightsPhoto: Kevin TwomeyCoral Reef ConservationNight and Day, Day and NightCommunities that rely on coral reefs are learningthat wise actions today mean healthy reefsfor future generations. In the Philippines andelsewhere, over-harvesting from reefs results inhabitat destruction and loss of biodiversity andnatural resources.Animals living on a coral reef have a daily rhythm.As the sun sets on the reef, the animals that areactive during the day (diurnal species) hunkerdown, and a new cast of characters appears. Thefirst to show are the twilight-active (crepuscular)species. The night-active (nocturnal) species follow.These shifts are one way that competition forresources and exposure to predators for reef lifeare reduced.Think about protecting coral reefs when you shop.Choose fish for home aquaria that were captivebred or collected by hand. When shopping forsouvenirs, avoid shells and other trinkets that camefrom coral reefs. You can also help by preventingtrash and pollution from getting into the ocean.California Academy of SciencesThe Chambered Nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is anexample of an animal with a day and night shift.During the day, the nautilus lives in the dark, coolwaters 275 to 610 meters (900 to 2,000 feet) belowthe surface. This helps it avoid predators. Whennight falls, it ascends to shallower waters to feed.Philippine Coral Reef Educator Guide13
d. voc abul aryVocabularyadaptationa physical characteristic or behavior that helps anorganism survive and reproduce in its environmentalgaeplant-like organisms found in many aquatic(water-based) habitatsbiodiversitythe diversity of living things in an area, including thevariation of individuals within a species, the variety ofdifferent species, and the variety of types of habitats orecosystemsbiodiversity hotspota region with high levels of biodiversity that is alsothreatened by human activityconservationthe protection, preservation, management, or restorationof natural environments and the ecological communitiesthat inhabit themecosysteman ecological community together with its environment,functioning as a unitinvertebratean animal that does not have a backbone, such as a jellyor a sea starocean acidificationthe decrease in the pH (increased acidity) of the Earth'soceans, caused by their uptake of man-made carbondioxide from the atmosphere.polypa form of a marine animal with a body shaped like acylinder and tentacles around a central mouthphotosynthesisthe process in which organisms use water along withsunlight and carbon dioxide to make sugar14Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
d. voc abul aryVocabulary (continued)planktonplants and animals that drift in the oceans and otherbodies of water. Plankton cannot swim or move againstwater currents, so they tend to drift. Plankton may bemicroscopic, like fish larvae, or large like some jellies.sustainablemaintaining a long-term ecological balance by avoidingthe over-use of natural resources.symbiosisa close relationship between two or more organisms ofdifferent species, which is beneficial for at least one ofthe organismsvertebratean animal that has a backbone, such as a fish or a snakezooxanthellaetiny algae that sometimes live inside other marineorganisms such as coral, anemones, and giant clamsCalifornia Academy of SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide15
e. museum connec tionsScience Behind the ScenesCaring for the coral reef animals in the Steinhart AquariumHave you ever wondered who takes care of thethousands of animals living in the Philippine coralreef exhibit?It takes a team of expert biologists and engineersworking together to recreate a vibrant livingPhilippine coral reef here at the Academy. Someof the living corals on display were sustainablycollected as coral fragments by Steinhart Aquariumbiologists in the Philippines. While diving off thecoast, biologists removed small pieces of coralfrom colonies and legally exported them to theCalifornia Academy of Sciences. Back at theAcademy biologists continued to grow these coralsin tanks behind the scenes. This is a process knownas propagation. Once corals are large enough,biologists carefully transfer the corals to tanks onthe public floor.“No one person could do it all,” says Bart Shepherd,Director of the Steinhart Aquarium at the CaliforniaAcademy of Sciences. A team of six biologistspropagate the corals, feed the animals, clean thetanks, and maintain the careful balance of animalsliving inside each exhibit.“My role at the aquarium is to care for a wide rangeof aquatic animals. Although live corals may looklike rather simple animals, they are also one of thehardest to keep thriving. Much of my time is spentbehind the scenes ensuring that these animals areliving healthy lives,” says aquarium biologist MattWandell.16Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuidePhoto: Will Love California Academy of SciencesTo help biologists care for the corals, special lightsthat simulate tropical sunlight makes it possible togrow corals indoors. Inside each coral animal (polyp)live thousands of microscopic algae (zooxanthellae)that share nutrients with their hosts.One of the main responsibilities of the Aquariumengineers is to ensure that the water in each tank ismaintained at the proper temperature and pH level.When oceans absorb the greenhouse gas carbondioxide, the pH of the water changes, becomingmore acidic. This process is known as oceanacidification and poses a serious threat to coralreefs. Exhibits such as the Philippine Coral Reefremind us what healthy reefs should look like.When asked about his favorite part of his job,aquarium biologist Nick Yim says, “I enjoy feedingthe animals, watching the animals grow and theexhibits mature and develop into living art displays.”California Academy of Sciences
e. museum connec tionsSpecimen SpotlightGiant clamsTridacna spp.On the first floor, in the shallow pool above themain Philippine Coral Reef tank, you’ll find some ofthe Academy’s most colorful residents, giant clams.The bright colors you see on the clam’s body comefrom tiny algae (zooxanthellae) living inside theclam’s tissue, and no two clams have the exactsame color pattern. These algae convert sunlightinto nutrients that help feed the clam. Clams alsouse their siphon to draw water into their bodies andfilter out tiny drifting plants and animals (plankton).Take a closer look—do you see dark spots alongthe edges of the clam’s colorful body? These aresimple eyes that detect changes in light and dark.Giant clams can grow to a length of 1.2 meters(4 feet), can weigh more than 227 kg (500 pounds),and can live for more than 100 years. Once a giantclam larva settles on a coral reef, it remains in thatsame spot for the rest of its life! Reef organisms,such as small invertebrates, plants, and sponges,can also be found living on the clam’s fluted shell.There are legends that warn that giant clams canswallow a human whole! There has never beena confirmed report of a giant clam swallowing ahuman, and we know that the muscle the clamuses to close its shell moves too slowly to take anyswimmer by surprise. Most likely, the giant clamwould simply hide in its shell rather than attack.California Academy of SciencesTridacna gigasTridacna croceaTridacna croceaTridacna maximaPhoto: Bart Shepard California Academy of SciencesBecause giant clams average only 12 cm (4.7 inches)of growth a year, it takes a long time for them tobecome giants. The giant clams in our exhibit wereproduced through aquaculture. Many Filipinos areplanting captive-raised giant clams on their coralreefs to restore wild populations.Philippine Coral Reef Educator Guide17
e. museum connec tionsRelated ExhibitsCalifornia CoastDive into the underwater world of the northerncoast of California which contains some of theworld’s richest temperate marine ecosystems.Compare the animals found in the PhilippineCoral Reef to those found along the Californiacoast. At the Discovery Tidepool in the CaliforniaCoast exhibit, students can get up close andpersonal with animals of the rocky intertidal zoneand learn about the adaptations they have forsurviving the changing water conditions of dailyhigh and low tides.Rainforests of the WorldLearn about another ecosystem that relies on waterin the Rainforests of the World exhibit. Here, thejourney through this hot and humid environmentbegins on the forest floor and takes you up throughthe different layers of a rainforest. Explore thediversity of plants and animals found in the tropicalrainforests of Borneo, Madagascar, Costa Rica andthe Flooded Amazon and discover how life therehas adapted to the presence of abundant waterand seasonal flooding typical of tropical rainforestecosystems.Water PlanetLearn how aquatic animals are specially adaptedto survive in their environment as studentsexplore the essential connections between lifeand water. Learn about a variety of animals thatlive in and without water. Learn how each animalhas unique adaptations for reproducing, moving,feeding, sensing, and defending themselves intheir environments. Through interactive stationsin the exhibit, students can also explore thedifferent properties of water found on Earth—freshwater, salt water, hot and cold water, surface andsubsurface water, frozen, liquid and vapor forms,and how organisms are adapted to each.18Philippine Coral Reef Educator GuideCalifornia Academy of Sciences
F. resourcesPhilippine Coral Reef GuideFoxface rabbitfish PyramidSiganus unimaculatusbutterflyfishDiet: algae, marineplants, coralsSusan Potter California Academyof SciencesBlue-and-yellowfusilierPalette tangParacanthurus hepatusHemitaurichthys polylepisCaesio teresDiet: algae, zooplanktonDiet: zooplanktonDiet: zooplanktonRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesRon DeCloux California rus olivaceousDiet: algaeRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesSixbar wrasseThalassoma hardwickeDiet: zooplankton*Evan Barbour California Academyof SciencesBirdnose wrasseGomphosus variusDiet: crustaceans,marine worms, clams,small fishesRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesOrientalsweetlipsPlectorhinchus vittatusDiet: crustaceans, seastars, molluscsRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesCalifornia Academy of SciencesBlue-spineunicornfishFalse clownanemonefishNaso unicornisAmphiprion ocellarisDiet: algae, zooplanktonDiet: zooplanktonRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesJ. Charles Delbeek CaliforniaAcademy of SciencesEmperor angelfish Clown tangPomacanthus imperatorAcanthurus lineatusDiet: corals, sponges,algae, tunicates,crustaceansDiet: algaeJ. Charles Delbeek CaliforniaAcademy of SciencesRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator Guide19
F. resourcesPhilippine Coral Reef GuideCoralsMaleMaleFemaleLyretail anthiasPseudanthiassquamipinnisDiet: zooplanktonRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesLamarck’sangelfishGenicanthus lamarckDiet: zooplanktonRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesFemaleSquare-spot fairybassletPseudanthias pleurotaeniaDiet: zooplanktonRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesDouble whiptailLeather coralHydnophora speciesSarcophyton speciesEvan Barbour California Academyof SciencesRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesStaghorn coralPlate coralAcropora speciesMontipora capricornisBart Shepherd California Academy of SciencesEvan Barbour California Academyof SciencesBrain coralMoon coralEvan Barbour California Academyof SciencesRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesDiet: brittlestars,marine worms, smallfishes, zooplanktonEvan Barbour California Academyof SciencesStriped cleanerwrasseDascyllus melanurusLabroides dimidiatusDiet: algae, zooplanktonDiet: scales, mucus andparasites of other fishes20Green horn coralPentapodus emeryiiBlacktaildamselfishRon DeCloux California Academyof SciencesCorals such as those pictured below host tinyalgae cells inside them called zooxanthellae(“zo-zan-thelly”). In exchange for the protectionand nutrients the coral provides, zooxanthellaeprovide corals sugars and other nutrients. Likeplants, zooxanthellae photosynthesize with thehelp of sunlight.Ron DeCloux California Academyof SciencesPhilippine Coral Reef Educator GuideLeptoria speciesAcanthastrea speciesCalifornia Academy of Sciences
F. resourcesSuggested Activities to DownloadDownload these activities from our websiteto enrich your field trip experience.» At-Academy Activity: Living Fossils Scavenger Hunt (suggested grades living-fossils-scavenger-hunt/Through this scavenger hunt, students will observe examples of animals with evolutionarilyprimitive characteristics and record observations using drawings and words.» Post-Visit Activity: Sustainable Fishing in the Philippines (suggested grades sustainable-fishing-in-the-philippines/In this game, students will learn that unsustainable fishing risks depletion and extinction of fishpopulations, and brainstorm solutions to protect coral reefs and fish for future generations.» Connected Experience: Comparative Physiology of Invertebrates (suggested grades /comparative-physiology-of-invertebrates/In this lesson, students will learn about invertebrate diversity, and compare marine invertebrates’respiratory and digestive systems with those of humans.» Connected Experience: Fish Family Identification (suggested grades fish-family-identification/In this game, students will become familiar with fish shapes, learn that fish within a giventaxonomic family have similar body shapes, and discuss how different body shapes enable fish tosurvive in their environments.» Connected Experience: Marine Invertebrate Anatomy (suggested grades /marine-invertebrate-anatomy/In this lesson, students will learn about invertebrate diversity and compare marine invertebrates’anatomy with those of humans.Be sure to review ourteacher resources online!www.calacademy.org/teachers/resources» Pre–, during–, and postvisit activities: short,lively activities to focusyour class trip to theAcademy.» Connected experiences:Activity combinationsthat extend the museumvisit into the
Philippine Coral Reef (top view) Philippine Mangrove Lagoon N Level A T-Rex Piazza Planetarium Stairs to Lower Level Learn about some of the animals found in the lagoon shallows.
Coral Reef Matching Sheet . Color in the coral reef and see if you can match each species with one of the species in the word bank below. Word Bank: Jellyfish Starfish Fan Coral . Tube Coral Sea Anemone Finger Coral . Create Your Own Coral Reef. For this activity, you will be creating your own reef filled with all different kinds of corals and .
Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the Northst Marine Parks Network-we. Citation . Edgar GJ, Mellin C, Turak E, Stuart-Smith RD, Cooper AT, Ceccarelli DM (2020) Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the North-west Marine Parks Network . Reef Life Survey Foundation
PRISM (Coral Reef Ecology- Grade 4) Vocabulary Carnivores Community Decomposers Herbivores Omnivores Producers Coral Reef Community Summary Students will learn the relationship between animals and plants of a coral reef system over the course of two lessons. During the first lesson, each student makes a paper puppet of a coral reef organism.
coral reef at low tide; b coral and calcareous algal communities on the reef slope; c coral and algal communities on reef flat; d coral community in lagoon. Fig. 2: Fringing reef located along the southern coast of Yonaguni Island (24 27'N, 122 57'E), which is situated at the tropical northern periphery of the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
(coral reef crest, coral patch deep, coral back-reef/flat, coral fore-reef, gorgonian/soft coral, hardbottom with algae, seagrass dense, seagrass sparse, sand shallow, and sand deep with sparse macroalgae) were classified for each video sample (Table1). A total of 3000 points were applied as the training samples for the object-based .
Coral Reef Ecosystem There are thousands of plants and animals that rely on the coral reef: algae, corals, crustaceans, mollusks, sponges, fish, sea turtles, sharks, dolphins, and many more. Approximately one-fourth of all marine life relies on coral reef at some point in their life, making coral reefs absolutely essential to marine life.
Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the Coral Sea v Executive summary Australias oral Sea borders the Great arrier Reef, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Tasman Front. Globally, the Coral Sea is considered to be among the last remaining pristine seas with relatively low human impact.
plan to visit a coral reef. The AWARE - Coral Reef Conservation Specialty course provides the knowledge base for proper interaction while touring a reef. Course Flow Options Conduct the AWARE - Coral Reef Conservation Specialty course as follows: Ask participants to read Chapter Four in the A.W.A.R.E. - Our World, Our Water manual.
