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Acid & Base담당교수: 장선주

Acid - Base HomeostasisPH 7.35-7.45BufferingBicarbonate bufferPhosphate bufferProtein bufferPhysiologiccompensationRespiratory systemKidney system

Acid – Base Homeostasis : Buffer system Buffer system (완충체계) H 를 흡수or 배출하여 일정한 PH유지 Chemical SpongeIntra-cellular BufferPhosphate, ProteinExtra-cellular BufferHCO3-/CO2 systemPlasma protein (alb)

Acid – Base Homeostasis : Buffer systemHCO3-/CO2Phosphate Extracellular Intracellular H2CO3H HCO3- 신장세뇨관에서H 배출 H 의 90% 완충Protein Intracellular/Extracellular 체내에서 가장풍부한 완충

Acid – Base Homeostasis : Compensation CO2 제거 담당 폐포의 환기량 조절 1-3분 정도 소요 H 배설: H2PO4NH4 가장 강력한 방법 수시간 수일 소요

What is ABGA ? Arterial Blood Gas Analysis(동맥혈 가스분석) Radial artery , Femoral artery 등 이용 체내의 정확한 산소화 파악 체내의 산 염기정도 파악 PH - PaCO2 - PaO2 - HCO3- - O2 SAT

ABGA 구성요소PHAcid or BasePaCO2Ventilation statusPaO2, O2 SATOxygenation statusHCO3-, BEMetabolic parameter

ABGA 구성요소 - PH PH [H ] 농도 : 산도(acidity)와 같은 의미 H 농도가 높을수록 산도 증가 PH log1H 농도 -log H 농도 Normal PH 7.40 (7.35 7.45)

ABGA 구성요소 - PH화학적 완충제Buffer system호흡기계 조절RespiratoryH 농도 조절 기전신장의 조절Metabolic

ABGA 구성요소 – PaCO2 PaCO2 CO2 : 세포 대사 산물, 혈액에 녹음 호흡 시 폐를 통하여 제거됨 PaCO2 : CO2의 생성과 제거 균형의 결과 폐포 호흡의 직접적 지표 Normal PaCO2 35 45 mmHg

ABGA 구성요소 – PaCO2 PaCO2 PaCO2: CO2의 생성과 제거균형의 결과

ABGA 구성요소 – PaCO2

ABGA 구성요소 – PaO2 PaO2 혈장에 녹아있는 O2의 양을 반영함 혈액이 운반하는 total O2와 연관 영향인자 대기압, FiO2 (expected PaO2 FiO2 X 5) Normal PaO2 80 100 mmHg

ABGA 구성요소 – PaO2AlveolarVeinO2Alveoli-Capillary MembraneCO2Artery

ABGA 구성요소 – HCO3 HCO3- H2CO3H HCO3 수소이온 농도 조절에 필요한 완충 신장에서 조절 Metabolic component Normal HCO3- 22 26 mEq/L

CO2, H & HCO3- Dissolved CO2 Respiratory Component Metabolic Component

ABGA interpretation

ABGA interpretationPH7.35 7.45PaCO2PaO2HCO3-BESaO235 45(mmHg)80 100(mmHg)22 26(mEq/l)-2 295% 이상

cAlkalosisRespiratory

ABGA interpretationInterpretationPrimary problemsIndicatorCompensationMetabolic acidosisHCO3- PH 7.4 HCO3- 24PaCO2Metabolic alkalosisHCO3- PH 7.4 HCO3- 24PaCO2Respiratory acidosisPaCO2 PH 7.4 PaCO2 40HCO3-Respiratory alkalosisPaCO2 PH 7.4 PaCO2 40HCO3-

espiratoryAcidosisRespiratoryAlkalosis HCO3- 저하 DM ; Ketone 설사 ; 장액소실 HCO3- 증가 이뇨제 사용 구토, 위장배액 PaCO2 증가 기도폐쇄 흉곽손상, 마비 PaCO2 감소 저산소증 체온증가, 심리 Compensation 폐: 과다 환기 Compensation 폐: 과소환기 Compensation 신장: HCO3재흡수 증가 Compensation 신장: HCO3재흡수 감소

Stepwise approachComplete (PH normal)Partial(PH near normal)Absent (PH abnormal)Compensation responseRespiratory or MetabolicCause (PaCO2, HCO3-)Acidosis or Alkalosis7.35 - 7.4 - 7.45PHHypoxemiaPaO2

Exercise 17.338 – 29.4 – 67.2 – 19.4 – -3.7 (94%)Complete(PH normal)Metabolic(Acidosis)Normal(Acidosis)PaCO2 29.4HCO3- 19.4PH 7.338HypoxemiaPaO2 67.2BE -3.7

Exercise 27.337 – 54.1 – 61.0 – 33.8 – -10.2 (90.3%)Complete(PH normal)Respiratory(Acidosis)Normal(Acidosis)HCO3- 33.8PaCO2 54.1PH 7.337HypoxemiaPaO2 61.0BE -10.2

Exercise 37.317 – 39.7 – 65.1 – 19.9 – -5.4 (90.6%)Absent(PH abnormal)Metabolic(Acidosis)PaO2 39.7HCO3- 19.9AcidosisPH 7.317HypoxemiaPaO2 65.1BE -5.4

ABGA interpretation – TestQuestionsAnswer17.32 – 55 – 70 – 231Respiratory Acidosis27.18 – 40 – 96 – 142Metabolic Acidosis37.60 – 35 – 98 – 343Metabolic Alkalosis47.36 – 25 – 104 – 104Metabolic Acidosis(comp)57.14 – 67 – 178 – 235Respiratory Acidosis67.56 – 37 – 90 – 356Metabolic Alkalosis77.21 – 51 – 97 – 227Respiratory Acidosis87.48 – 32 – 102 – 248Respiratory Alkalosis97.49 – 28 – 54 – 249Respiratory Alkalosis107.15 – 62 – 67 – 2210Respiratory Acidosis

Normal PaO 2 80 100 mmHg . ABGA 구성요소 - PaO 2 Alveolar Artery Vein Alveoli-Capillary Membrane CO 2 O 2 . ABGA 구성요소 - HCO 3 - HCO 3 - H 2 CO 3 H HCO 3 - 수소이온 농도 조절에 필요한 완충 신장에서 조절 . Author: Preferred Customer

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