Overview Of Current Mineral Production And Development Activity In .

Overview of Current Mineral Production andDevelopment Activity in NevadaGSN 2022 SymposiumMay 2, 2022Michael Visher, AdministratorNevada Division of Minerals1Isabella Pearl Mine, Mineral County

Nevada Mining SummaryIn 2021, Nevada miningemployed 15,000 workers atan average salary of 103,000( 49.52/hr)Nevada produced 10% of allU.S. mineral productionMines operate on lessthan ¼ of 1% ofNevada’s 70,722,119acres In 2021, NV produced 77% of all US gold andranked 5th in global production (behind China,Australia, Russia, and Canada) 20 commodities are produced from 150mines in Nevada 14B impact to Nevada’s economy Nevada is ranked 3rd best mining jurisdictionbased on Investment Attractiveness Index(Fraser Institute, 2021) Lots of interest in exploration for, andproduction of, critical minerals Permitted surface disturbance of explorationand mining smaller than Storey County

2021P 9.6B in total valueof all mineral commodities

1,800Nevada Gold1,6002021 Production (Preliminary)4.47 Moz, -3.6% vs. '2032 mining operations19 n2200100Gold production, millions of troy 01320142015201620172018201920202021Gold price, /troy ounce2,000109

2021 NEVADA METAL PRODUCTION, BY PRODUCER - PreliminaryRanked by gold productionOperatorNevada Gold MinesKinrossSSR MiningFirst Majestic SilverHycroft MiningFlorida Canyon Mining (Argonaut Gold)Walker Lane MineralsCalibre GoldMcEwen MiningKGHM InternationalCoeurRawhide MiningI80 GoldGold Acquisition Corp.Borealis MiningMineral Ridge GoldNevada CopperGeo-NevadaHecla (Klondex)TotalsGold (ozs) Silver (ozs) Copper (lbs) Moly 3,296,515163,732,694240,000

Nevada Gold Mines Production Comparison

Nevada Gold Production Statistics2021 Au % By Land OwnershipAu % by Mine 7%Open Pit0%10%20%30%40%2021202050%60%70%Public, 52.2%80%% Au by Process (2020 vs. Milling29.5%32.3%Heap Leach0%5%10%202115%20%202025%30%35%40%45%

42015201620172018201920202021Silver price, /troy ouncesNevada Silver6.22 Moz, 1.5% vs. '2023 mining operations15 er production, millions of troy ounces40302021 Production (Preliminary)

009200820072006Nevada Copper163.7M lbs, 6.1% vs. '203 mining operations3 operatorsProduction1203100802Price4012009Copper price, /pound2021 production 996199560199414019931601992180199119901989Copper production, millions of pounds20054

98199719961995Gypsum production, millions of short tons4.5Nevada Gypsum2021 Production2.5 M tons5 mines4 producers2.521.510.5

Other Industrial Minerals Produced in 2021 (Preliminary) 12,700,000 lbs of lithium compounds658,000 tons of silica sand129,000 tons of magnesium compounds306,000 tons of diatomite240,000 pounds of molybdenite16,000 tons of salt3,700 tons of perlite 200,000 tons of specialty clays11

Nevada Aggregate

Demand is closely linked toconstruction activity in, andadjacent to, Nevada

Nevada Aggregates 4th highest valued commodity in NV Includes: Crushed rock Sand and gravel Used primarily for construction butalso for landscaping material andproducts 100s of former and current borrowpits NDOT and county roadmaintenance BLM Mineral Materials sales of 10Min FY20 Unlike most commodities, cost isdetermined largely by distanceneeded to transport Creates NIMBY challenges in urbanareas

NEVADA MINING CLAIMS 244,492 Active Mining Claims in Nevadaas of 3/29/2022 Increase of 11% from April 2021 50% of all US mining claims Annual maintenance payments of 165/claim to BLM and 12/claim tocounty recorder 39M to BLM (2021 AY) 2.8M to Nevada counties The trend in claims is an indicator forexploration interest and largely the priceof gold 643M spent on exploration in NV in2019 and 2020 71% increase in number of placer claimsfor lithium brine YOY

,0001,035020152016201720182019Assessment Year2020202120220NDOM has been gathering active claim data from LR2000/MLRS at the end of October for the last eight years. Thepurpose of this graph is to show claims data and statistics from the same snapshot in time.Number of Inferred Lithium Brine ClaimsNumber of Active Mining Claims250,000

The Demand for LithiumAlbemarle’sSilver PeakOperation The Tesla/Panasonicbattery factory aloneneeds 5X the amount oflithium mined annuallyin Nevada. If one or more Li clayproject begins mining,NV will produce 10%of world production,would then expectvertical integrationwith a cathode plantbuilt in NV. Successful applicationof DLE technology willdramatically increaselithium brine mining.

Critical MineralsA “critical mineral,” as defined by the E.O. 13817, is a mineral:1. identified to be a nonfuel mineral or mineral material essential to the economic and national security of theUnited States2. from a supply chain that is vulnerable to disruption3. that serves an essential function in the manufacturing of a product, the absence of which would havesubstantial consequences for the U.S. economy or national ntalum An updated list waspublished as final byUSGS in Feb. 2022 33 of the 50 occur inNevadaBold indicates known occurrences* indicates past or present production in Nevada

Nevada is uniquelypositioned to lead theUS in transitioningaway from fossil fuelsso long as federal landis available for theenvironmentallyresponsible extractionof the commoditiesneeded to electrify thenation.Acres (Millions) Renewed exploration in NV for cobalt, copper, graphite, lithium,nickel, REE, tungsten, vanadium, and zinc while conservationefforts continue to remove land from development.1816Occurrences ofCritical Mineralswithin areas ofmineral entrywithdrawal141210864201930 177,000 acres withdrawn in Nevadaper year since 193019501970199020102030

New NDOM Open Data Services Claims Location Array Interactive Map Service(C.L.A.I.M.S.) A platform for exploring and downloading mining claims,BLM Plan and Notice GIS data Includes both historic and current data for:AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA and WY https://claims-nvdataminer.hub.arcgis.com/ Claim Residency Interactive Map Experience(C.R.I.M.E.) For viewing of mining claim density and annual federalfees paid through time per section View sum and average of fees per section Includes same 11 western states, notice and plan data,and USGS MRDS and USMIN datasets https://data-ndom.opendata.arcgis.com/

Concluding Comments Copper is #2 in gross value and increasing Limitation is lack of downstream smelting and refining Electric vehicles vs. gas require 5-8X more copper Industrial mineral production in NV likely to increase as it is easier to put into operationthan in other western states Increase in # of projects being permitted largely due to increased gold price but also inrelation to increased demand for commodities needed for renewable energy and batteries(Co, Li, Ni, V, Zn) Competition for workers will result in changes to workplace, schedules, benefits, and Permitting timelines increasing due to insufficient human resources necessary to handleincreased volume; locatables, solar, geothermal, oil are all experiencing an upswing Escalation in investor and consumer interest on the value of environmental, social andcorporate governance (ESG) regarding sourcing and mining of commodities

For More Info: Agency Homepage:minerals.nv.gov “Mining” program page Production summaries and stats Numerous free publications and maps “Current Information” Links to 17 Distance Learning Educational Videos Recent Presentations “Important Links - Open Data Site” Interactive web mapping application to display anddownload information related to the mineralsindustry. Location of mining claims, current and historicalexploration activity and mineral production. Public lands issues New “C.R.I.M.E.” page

If you want to learn more about data, web maps and webapplications available for explorationists in Nevada andbeyond, please come to our short course! NDOM/NBMG Open Data SitesHow to use the web applicationsHow to filter/query the dataHow to download the dataC.L.A.I.M.S. hub site (Claims,notices & plans for the western US) The new C.R.I.M.E. (ClaimsResidency Interactive MapExperience) applicationNEW FRONTIERDRILLING

Nevada Mining Summary. In 2021, Nevada mining employed 15,000 workers at an average salary of 103,000 ( 49.52/hr) In 2021, NV produced 77% of all US gold and ranked 5th in global production (behind China, Australia, Russia, and Canada) 20 commodities are produced from 150 mines in Nevada 14B impact to Nevada's economy Nevada is ranked 3