CRC-REP Exit Report - Ninti One
Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation (CRC-REP) Exit Report
PARTICIPANTS OF CRC-REP
TABLE OF CONTENTS1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 021.1Introduction. 031.2Research overview. 041.3Education and training. 081.4Engagement and collaboration. 092OUR IMPACTS. 112.1Key research outputs. 122.2Communications and engagement. 18Case study: Remote Australia Online. 222.3Economic and social benefits to end users. 232.4CommercialisationCase study: Precision Pastoral Management Tools project. 242.5Direct non-monetary benefits for end users. 26Case study: Plant Business. 272.6Influencing policy and providing advice. 28Case study: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Economies project. 293EDUCATION AND TRAINING. 303.1Students and qualifications. 323.2Graduate employment post-CRCCase study: Aboriginal Community Researcher Program. 333.3Student profileCase study: Dr Kylie Lingard. 344COLLABORATION. 354.1SME collaborationCase study: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Tourism Product project. 36APPENDIX. 38Major achievements. 39Research. 39End notes. 44
1EXECUTIVESUMMARY
1.1 INTRODUCTIONThe CRC-REP delivered significant economic and social benefits toremote Australia. It developed a unique collaborative research programto systematically investigate and provide practical responses to thecomplex social, economic, health and education issues that affecteconomic participation, particularly with respect to Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander peoples living in remote areas.The CRC-REP was a collaborative researchNinti One Limited, a national not-for-profitplatform that worked with 59 partnerscompany that builds opportunities forincluding Australian, state and territorypeople in remote Australia through research,governments; universities; and communities,innovation and community development,businesses and people in remote regionswas the CRC-REP’s Centre Agency. CRC-REPof Australia. Our industry partners includedwas governed by the Ninti One Limited Board,mining, agribusiness and tourism businesseschaired by Professor Tom Calma AO. Theand organisations. Thirty per cent of ourBoard included members drawn from industry,partners were from Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander businesses, organisationsand communities. This ensured genuineand strong local Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander engagement and collaboration inour research.The CRC-REP was funded through theAustralian Government’s CooperativeResearch Centres Programme and throughcash and in-kind contributions by partners,to a value of approximately 120 million,including monetised in-kind. It operatedfrom 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2017.academia, small business, communityorganisations and government. The Board’sresponsibilities included managing legal andfinancial matters, research and collaborationactivities, intellectual property, researchimpacts and end-user application. The BoardCRC-REP was mainly a public good CRC witha multidisciplinary research focus on socialsciences strongly aligned with Governmentpriorities including, at the time of the bid,the National Indigenous Reform Agreement(Closing the Gap) and Stronger Futures and,later on, the Northern Australia Developmentagenda, the Indigenous AdvancementStrategy and the promotion of science andinnovation. Most of the knowledge and otheroutputs from the CRC-REP’s research arefreely available in the public domain andhave been made available to end users andother stakeholders. Some projects produced59 PARTNERSincluding Australian, state andterritory governments; universities;and communities, businesses andpeople in remote regions of Australiasignificant intellectual property, withcommercial benefit or application that hasbeen, or will be, licensed to CRC-REP or otherend-user partners to commercialise.This exit report outlines the researchhighlights and impacts of the CRC-REP, whichare aligned with the objectives and outputsmet face to face on a quarterly basis withdescribed in the Commonwealth Agreementat least one Board meeting per year beingsigned by all our partners.The CRC-REP was fundedto a value of approximately 120 MILLIONheld in a remote location. This enabledthe Board to engage directly with partnersand stakeholders in remote regions, whileupholding the CRC‑REP’s value of workingon the ground in local communities toenable change.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATIONCRC-REP Exit Report3
1.2 RESEARCH OVERVIEWPopulation Mobility and Labour MarketsRegional EconomiesTo develop new waysto build resilience andstrengthen regionalcommunities and economiesacross remote Australia.Aboriginal Cultural EnterpriseThe review panel concluded that,overall, the CRC-REP is conductingsubstantial research that offersapplied approaches to addressingthe social and economicdisadvantage in remote Australia,in particular, the impact ofeconomic exclusion on theIndigenous population.Aboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderArt EconomiesAboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderTourism ProductPathways to EmploymentCRC forRemoteEconomicParticipationPlant BusinessPrecision Pastoral Management ToolsEnterprise DevelopmentTo build new enterprises andstrengthen existing industriesthat provide jobs, livelihoodsand incomes in remote areas.CRC-REP used a whole-of-system approachInterplay Between Health, Wellbeing,Education and EmploymentRemote Education SystemsInvesting in PeopleTo improve the education andtraining pathways in remoteareas so that people have betteropportunities to participate in therange of economies that exist.zz Enterprise Development – building remoteThis approach enabled CRC-REP researchersto deliver solutions to the economicenterprises to provide jobs and livelihoodsto develop practical approaches and toolschallenges that affect remote Australia.for peopleto build resilience and strengthen regionalCRC-REP operated under three key researchprogram areas:zz Regional Economies – strengtheningthe economy of remote regionsCRC-REP Exit ReportClimate Change Adaptation and Energy FuturesCarbon Economies in Remote AustraliaMid-term Review Panel June 20144Enduring Community Value from Miningzz Investing in People – improving theeducation and training pathways forpeople living in remote regions.and remote communities and economies.The following short overview of the researchprograms illustrates the breadth of ourresearch and its applications.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATION
RESEARCHPROGRAM 1REGIONAL ECONOMIESTo develop new ways to buildresilience and strengthen regionalcommunities and economiesacross remote AustraliaOur research on population mobilitycommunities to obtain long-term benefitsaddressed the statistical gap in ABS countsfrom new resource extraction and helpingof mobile Aboriginal and Torres Straitcompanies to better understand and meetIslander people. It revealed that remotetheir community social responsibility targets.communities are not disappearing; instead,they are growing. Our research challengedthe common Western view of mobility asa barrier to economic participation, findingthat barriers to mobility are actually whatlimit employment outcomes for people inthese remote communities. Importantly,In remote Australia, population mobility,major resources investments and climatechange have significant economic and socialimpacts on local communities and theirfuture. The Regional Economies Programdeveloped modelling tools that enabledresearchers to analyse and forecast remotethe modelling tool for predicting populationshifts developed by CRC-REP has potentialto improve service delivery and strategydevelopment by all tiers of government toincrease employment rates in very remotecommunities across Australia through anunderstanding of micro-level mobility.demographics and mobility, analyse theOur case study work with communities andflows of costs and benefits generated bymining companies led to the developmentmining operations and assist with planningof practical scenario-planning tools forof a mine’s impacts on local communitiesend users, including a Remote Communityto manage risks. Through case studies,Mining Toolkit designed to enableit also developed solutions that can becommunities to prepare and plan for theimplemented by households, communitiessocial, cultural and economic risks andand businesses to increase their ability toimpacts of major resource developments,adapt to climate change, reduce energyfrom start-up through to closure stages.costs and access transport in remote areas.The research outputs and tools are assistingThe Climate and Energy Futures projectfocused on mapping pathways to alternativefutures. Scenario planning looked at futureenergy and transport provision under achanging climate. Energy research onremote enterprise infrastructure producedrecommendations that households,enterprises and energy utilities acrossthe remote regions can use to adapt tofuture climates and that communitiesand businesses can implement to reduceenergy costs and better access transportin remote areas.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATIONThe Regional EconomiesProgram has delivered tangibleand far-reaching insights for themining industry, governmentsand citizens of Australia. CSIROhas used these insights to guideand inform our own researchand engagement agenda withstate and Commonwealthgovernment departments and inour work with mining companiesto inform their social-economicapproaches and frameworks.Dr Kieren MoffatCSIRO Mineral ResourcesCRC-REP Exit Report5
1.2 RESEARCH OVERVIEWRESEARCHPROGRAM 2to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderrecommendations developed for operatorspeoples. Multiple horticultural plots haveto implement findings. Clustering theory wasbeen developed at Aboriginal businessesused to investigate value chain structuresand communities based on plantswith operators, and new business modelspropagated in Alice Springs. Multiplewere developed based on Aboriginal andnon-CRC projects and national initiativesTorres Strait Islander principles of enterprisewere also supported using this strategicclustering. Uniquely, the students andexpertise. Additionally, we investigated legalPrincipal Research Leader who conductedoptions for the protection of Aboriginal andthese two activities were Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander peoples’ intellectualTorres Strait Islander, and the study involvedproperty and provided recommendationsmultiple Aboriginal tourism micro andfor governments and individuals to considersmall to medium enterprises across remotein future culture-based industries.Australia in research and training phases.enterprises to provide jobs, livelihoods andThe most comprehensive value chain studyOverall, we found that many successfulincomes in remote areas using approachesof the Aboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smallthat are inclusive of Aboriginal and Torres Straitart sector was conducted, complementedbusinesses exist in remote locations, withIslander culture. We developed a commercial-by studies on art centre managementhighly committed owners and workforces.ready Precision Pastoral Managementand staffing, e-commerce and consumerThrough development of more AboriginalSystem (PPMS) through on-site researchpreferences. The findings were used byand Torres Strait Islander managers,with local pastoralists that has the potentialCRC-REP partners and other stakeholdersnetworks and clustering of business owners,to transform the profitability of the northernto develop new financial management andas well as improvement of normal businessbeef industry. The PPMS has been licensedmarketing tools to improve value chaininputs such as energy, communicationsto a CRC-REP partner to commercialise.efficiencies. Art centre staff participated inand marketing, these businesses havethe research as students and have returnedthe potential to contribute greatly to theto the sector to deliver findings.diversification and resilience of the remoteENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENTThe outcomes of the CRCAboriginal and Torres StraitIslander Art Economies projecthas been invaluable to IACA andour members. The results haveprovided an understanding ofwhere the Far North Queenslandart centres sit in the nationalpicture, identified specificareas of weakness to addresswith training and support andprovided base data againstwhich to measure any progress.Pamela Bigelow,Indigenous Art Centre Alliance ManagerTo build new enterprises andstrengthen existing industriesthat provide jobs, livelihoodsand incomes in remote areasThe Enterprise Development Programdeveloped successful models for remoteIn the Plant Business project, we usedbush tomato (Solanum centrale) to6CRC-REP Exit Reportcreate a strategy for the development ofAboriginal and Torres Strait Islandercommercially valuable plants acceptabletourism markets were researched andand national economy.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATION
RESEARCHPROGRAM 3INVESTING IN PEOPLETo improve the education and trainingpathways in remote areas so thatpeople have better opportunities toparticipate in the range of economiesthat existoverall community wellbeing. Furthermore,education system. The project activelyit assists in identifying the most effectiveengaged over 1,200 stakeholders and had apolicy interventions for a particularparticular focus on disseminating findingscommunity and in finding practical pathwaysto our key partners, universities and stateto improve outcomes across education,and federal education departments. Overemployment and health through building75 peer-reviewed research outputs wereempowerment and strengthening culture.produced by the project.Our study on Aboriginal job seekers’perspectives about effective supports forsuccessful pathways to work contributedto building knowledge for improvingremote Aboriginal and Torres StraitThe Investing in People Program focusedIslander vocational education, training andon understanding the interrelationshipsemployment, and/or enterprise developmentbetween education, employment, healthoutcomes. Case studies comparing variousand wellbeing and developing strategiesenterprises and approaches created findingsto improve the education outcomes forthat were provided to training organisationsremote Australians. To better understand,and employers to adjust their currentmeasure and strengthen wellbeing intraining packages.remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderThe Remote Education Systems projectcommunities, we conducted a study ofhealth, wellbeing, education and employmentin multiple communities. This was usedto develop a holistic Interplay WellbeingFramework and survey tool for remotecommunities. The Wellbeing Frameworkcan quantitatively monitor and analyse theimpact of policy, programs and strategies onThe research coming fromCRC-REP has put theexperiences and needsof remote communitiesin clear termsAustralian Education Uniondeveloped the Red Dirt Curriculum andarticulated models and strategies to improvehow education is delivered in remoteAustralia. Three jurisdictions and parts ofthe Catholic, Independent and Governmentsectors are seeking to implement learningsfrom the project to improve the remote1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATIONCRC-REP Exit Report7
1.3 EDUCATION AND TRAININGMy research project contributed to furthering my academic and professional career. I am currently able toapply my learnings at my workplace, an art centre in Central Australia. My research findings regularly informdecisions in regards to Aboriginal art e-commerce at the art centre.Iris Bendor, former CRC-REP Honours studentCRC-REP’s education program hasresulted in the graduation of36 STUDENTSto date, withALL HONOURSSTUDENTScompleted with First ClassHonours degrees.CRC-REP’s education program focused oncommitment to train and employ at leastprogram has been that many ACRs, afterbuilding research capacity in and about70 ACRs over the life of CRC-REP with overcompleting their work with the CRC-REP,remote Australia as well as providing200 ACRs trained and employed in researchsecured employment in the government,education and training opportunities atprojects across the three CRC-REP researchresearch and service delivery sectors.all levels. We targeted students workingprograms. A direct flow-on benefit of thein industries present in remote regions tobuild workforce capabilities and expertisein remote Australia. We deliberately offeredopportunities to gain qualifications atvarious levels to meet remote industries’demands and needs. This has resulted in theWe surpassed our commitmentto train and employ at least 70Aboriginal Community Researchers(ACRs) over the life of CRC-REP withtrained and employed inresearch projects across thethree CRC-REP research programs.8CRC-REP Exit Report3 Masters, 5 Honours, 5 VET and 7 Vacationstudents. The quality of our students’ workwas very high, with five students receivingFirst Class Honours degrees.A unique feature of CRC-REP has beenthe training and employment of localAboriginal Community Researchers (ACRs)in our research projects. We surpassed ourPhoto: Dan CouttsaOVER 200 ACRsgraduation of 36 students to date: 16 PhDs,1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATION
1.4 ENGAGEMENT AND COLLABORATIONThe CRC is characterised by strong end-user engagement which is drivingthe CRC’s research agenda, and all its participants are involved in theresearch and research outcomes.Mid-term Review Panel June 2014Photo: John GuenthurAll CRC-REP’s projects engaged extensivelywith partners, end users and otherstakeholders through formal engagementon projects, participation on researchAdvisory Groups, regular workshops,forums and symposia. The key collaborationlesson from CRC-REP was that co-designed,genuinely participatory on-ground researchwith end-user partners yields the mostappropriate findings and outputs and themost sustainable outcomes and impactsfor the peoples of remote Australia.Photo: John GuenthurThere are more SMEs per capita in remoteAustralia that in non-remote areas and SMEswere a key end user group for CRC-REPresearch. SME engagement occurredcontinually with project consultations andresearch activities and was a distinctivestrength of the organisation. Over the lifeof CRC-REP, we collaborated with 135 SMEsto ensure that our research met the needsand expectations of local organisations andbusinesses. To share our learnings, ensureuptake of our research and build furtheropportunities for collaborations, 406 eventswere organised which were attended by11,493 end users during the life of the CRC.CRC-REP’s large number of publicationsdeveloped for end users (over 523) reflectedits aim to develop practical solutions forbusinesses and people based in remotelocations. All the CRC’s publications– reports, journal articles, policy briefs,presentations, posters and short films – areavailable online at www.nintione.com.au.As part of our efforts to build and shareknowledge about remote Australia, wecreated Remote Australia Online (RAO), anonline one-stop shop to access authoritativeresearch on topics that impact on remoteAustralia and its people.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATIONOver the life of CRC-REP,we collaborated with135 SMEs406 EVENTSwere organised, which were attended by11,493 END USERSduring the life of the CRCOVER 523publications developed for end usersCRC-REP Exit Report9
2OURIMPACTSThrough co-designed, genuinelyparticipatory on-groundresearch with end-user partners,the CRC-REP has deliveredsignificant impact by providingrelevant, timely and actionableadvice and practical solutionsto policymakers, businesses,community organisations andindustry stakeholders workingin or with remote communities.As a mainly public good CRC,we continuously sought new andinnovative ways to communicateour research outcomes to maximisethe uptake of our work by end users.To ensure uptake at the policylevel, we proactively engaged withrelevant government departmentsand parliamentary offices andmade regular public submissionsto government inquiries.
2.1 KEY RESEARCH OUTPUTSThe following section contains a selection of key research outputsby the CRC-REP’s three research programs: Regional Economies,Enterprise Development and Investing in People.REGIONAL ECONOMIES RESEARCH PROGRAMzz We built an evidence base on populationzz We produced a Remote Communitymobility and barriers to mobility in remoteMining Toolkit designed to enableAboriginal and Torres Strait Islandercommunities to prepare and plan for thecommunities.1social, cultural and economic impactszz We produced a population modelling toolfor remote communities and establishedthat very remote communities are actuallyof major resource developments, fromstart-up through to closure stages.zz We built an evidence base on thegrowing rapidly. This improved basis forsocio-economic impacts of longenumerating Aboriginal people in remotedistance commuting (LDC) onareas can enable more accurate allocationsource communities.2of government funding.zz We developed strategies and advicezz We developed an Input–Output modelfor community-based enterprisesof remote Australia, which can helpto improve energy management inremote people and local and stateenterprise buildings and reducinggovernments transition to alternativecosts for businesses.3futures as reductions in the mininglabour force continue to affect regionaland remote communities.Photo: Tim Acker12CRC-REP Exit Report1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATION
CASE STUDYinstruments, to conduct the surveys and toOur Transport Futures research highlightedprovide feedback to communities about thethat the main barriers to mobility are thePOPULATION MOBILITYAND LABOUR MARKETSAND TRANSPORT FUTURESRESEARCH PROJECTSresearch findings.cost of travel but also poor road conditions,Evidence base on population mobilityand barriers to mobility in remoteAboriginal and Torres Strait Islandercommunitiesespecially for shopping but also forWe established that people undertook onaverage 19 trips per year, driving on average865 km per month to access services,banking, health and accessing Centrelink.Another key driver of mobility is visitingfriends and family. Overall, we found thatkinship, culture and country remain centralThe Population Mobility project contributedto a better understanding of the factorsdriving temporary mobility of Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander peoples inremote Australia. It also provided empiricalestimates of the extent and patterns oftemporary mobility. We conducted thelargest ever survey of Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander mobility through a series ofextensive surveys undertaken in a sampleof 25 remote Aboriginal communities whereresidents access Alice Springs as theirregional service centre. We trained andemployed 83 local ACRs on this projectto assist in the development of the surveyto mobility. Our research found that barriersto mobility, such as the lack of driver’slicences and low vehicle access, are whatlimit employment outcomes for peoplein these remote communities. Indeed,people with a driver’s licence were morethan twice as likely to have a job than thosewithout a licence.1 Our findings suggestthat moves to rationalise smaller and moreremote communities are likely to negativelyaffect the wellbeing and socio-economiccost of car registration and the unaffordabilityof public transport. Indeed, our researchin Central Australia reveals that 30%of household expenditure is on travel,We conducted theLARGEST EVERSURVEYof Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander mobilitycompared to the national average of 16%.We found that transport issues of access,safety and affordability impact negativelyon remote communities and enterprises.Practical measures – including effectivecollaboration platforms, appropriateplanning and regulation and more integratedand affordable long-distance publictransport – can immediately improvetransport. Understanding the requirementsPeople undertook on average19 trips per year, driving on average865 KMper month to access servicesand implications of new radical innovations,such as solar-powered electric vehicles andautomated transport, could accelerate thesustainable development of remote Australiain the next 50 years.4outcomes of the people displaced.This evidence base can be used toLegitimising mobility would actuallyimprove planning and decision-making byenable improved planning and decision-communities themselves, service providers,making by communities, service providerspolicymakers and employers.30%of household expenditure in CentralAustralia is on travel, compared tothe national average of 16%and employers.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATIONCRC-REP Exit Report13
2.1 KEY RESEARCH OUTPUTSENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH PROGRAMzz We built an evidence base about thezz We identified improved bush tomatoAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artvarieties as a model for bush foodsector with the first national analysis oncrop development and protection ofthe production and sale of Aboriginal art,the intellectual property of Aboriginalin particular from remote art centres.5and Torres Strait Islander peoples.9zz We developed new tools to aid financialzz We developed the Precision Pastoralmanagement and marketing of AboriginalManagement System (PPMS) softwareart for remote art centres.that allows pastoralists to integrate6zz We developed 10 principles of enterpriseclustering to help Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander tourism enterprises developand benefit from culturally appropriateclusters.7zz We developed policy recommendationsto support and safeguard the interestsof Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderpeoples in the commercialisation of theirbush foods through the identification ofprecision animal data with precisionspatial data to match livestockperformance to environmentalconditions, leading to more efficientand profitable pastoral enterprises.10zz We produced a database of sacred siteswhich is providing a very effective vehiclefor the Pila Nguru community to store,build on and manage cultural informationrelating to the Spinifex Native Title Area.11possible legal and institutional interventions.8Photo: Tim Acker14CRC-REP Exit Report1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 2 OUR IMPACTS / 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING / 4 COLLABORATION
CASE STUDYArts sales increased significantly in theWe also undertook the first researchmid-2000s before falling again around 2008.focusing on the relationships andABORIGINAL AND TORRESSTRAIT ISLANDER ARTECONOMIES RESEARCHPROJECTAt present, the art market is focused ontransactions between remote area freelancesmaller, lower priced artworks with nearlyAboriginal artists and private art businesses.90% of all artworks sold for under 1,000.The results challenge the common rhetoricWe found that less than 10% of buyerswhich portrays independent artists asValue chain analysis of theAboriginal and Torres StraitIslander art sectorspend more than 2,000 – most spendpassive, disempowered and/or victimsless than 500.of unethical agents. Indeed, our findingsOur research shows that the overwhelmingmajority of artists receive irregular incomeWe undertook the most comprehensivestudy ever done on the Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander art sector. Wecompleted the first national data on theproduction and sale of Aboriginal art,in particular from remote art centres.and, over the course of their arts practice,to navigate the risks.13make only limited income from art sales.Torres Strait Islander art sector – combinedOnly 5.4% of artists receive what could bewith sub-projects looking at e-co
met face to face on a quarterly basis with at least one Board meeting per year being held in a remote location. This enabled the Board to engage directly with partners and stakeholders in remote regions, while upholding the CRC-REP's value of working on the ground in local communities to enable change. CRC-REP was mainly a public good CRC with
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